r t let's cover the headlines now. germany shelters a nazi executioner once and for torturing and killing his victims in world war two a former s.s. officer has been wanted by the hague for more than fifteen minutes is refusing to hundred citizens lightning quick to seek prosecution of other war criminals. thousands of libyans have taken to the streets of tripoli in support of colonel gadhafi and in defiance of latest warnings in an audio message to the nation it

would be in neither threaten to attack europe the alliance continues its airstrikes . and international vessels several hundred start to be something wrong with russia tearing eight ok gaza in a greek port by postcards just over a year since activists from another put killed by israeli forces. are next to be explored in the life of a soviet scientists armed. runner invented the h. bomb in the soviet union at the same time as the country's most famous dissident. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. was an apartment in the city of gold key the phone line is urgently installed at

a set time the phone rings the voice of the other end speaks this is going to giove please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were dressed to has spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. he was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was under a satire of his life was full of paradoxes. now known as the city of nice not going to go to key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it housed a number of secret defense facilities. urge you to come to your senses mr sakharov

as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory beg you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable title of a soviet citizen. valarie to town and serve as a retired transit police officer in the mid 1980's his unit was ordered to tail such out of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elaine and gone off to moscow. for children group every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs the overall task was to follow circle of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially at the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers written. during some of those exile to go to

every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence hundreds of letters of support as arrived from abroad waiting to sit sit by the k.g.b. although the sailors were always supplied with a notification of their mail had been delivered. the a doctor saw it has been so long since they have had any use of well we're very concerned about your health and the health of life eleven or well most anxious to hear from you and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in united states and in canada supports you and the principles which you stand there with those of the k.g.b. made a list of persons to restrict zohar of from communicating with certain people of the k.g.b. were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the status of the distance of minton the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures there were.

some sort of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g.b. staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present to western media as a human rights activist sacral was alive and well. sahar of can feel he was being closely monitored and he understood you would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a k.g.b. to parliament who watched sacrifice every step additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter the new to the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of sacco's identity he was the so-called secret academic these are some rain shots of the cycles taking

a train ride to the town not smarts on any of the world's maps the nuclear research center artisanal sixty this is where sector of work done is hydrogen bomb in the late one nine hundred forty s. . i worked very hard as are considered all tossed to be of extreme importance to mankind. balance of nuclear owners but from the two great powers because that is exactly what guarantees that these arms will have a belief system. this is the footage from the detonation of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a subset of the us this song had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction sacro became an epidemic he said early thirty's it's one of the contests resulted in two deaths a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village is left

a strong impression on soccer girls despite the positive outcome of the new jointer bomb. blast if i will sell for a couple of days through a small course in the tests on a summer of the main hero and he was allowed to open the evening of course he also proposed the first two shots everyone you're her she says i'd like to drink all dorms exploding into science but never overtones and cities in america when you go down you've got a world that's going to. at that time several became acquainted with this isn't historian the royal mint did if he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin then you will believe infrastructure of himself again was a discovery find out about the gulags about the system of terror that was the foundation of our further cooperation is started writing about politics from self and i brought him underground president publications and some of the. intellectual

freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom and prejudices such a trilogy of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by mass myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues can be transformed into a bloody dictatorship. in the west the n.s.a. was an instant success selling millions of copies to authorities response was swift to sattar of was banned from working in the heart of some us sixteen and moved to moscow there the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. before they were back in those years they often resorted to examine the desert broads birdsong or of was too prominent

a figure. also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. you recall with a well known soviet dissident he first heard sacral name in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of the radio jamming with. his navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out under a sucker of store essays and his activities waited for. dissidents cease to typewrite suckers essays they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents sworn opponent look out for them this battle against the grassroots movement

raged for many years we thought it would go over women fire and way posted the myriad of birth in residential areas and back streets and courtyards our fires is that a truth and the british psycho of himself was saying and exposed the lives of the soviet press started to publish about him. it was perfectly good it all. gradually human rights and fantasy became sacral smain occupation to a large extent this helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife and succumbed to cancer. a few years later sucker of metal in a bonnet and a dissident called trial. lawyer is an outstanding roomers strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei saw her of as you know he was very open and you can feel it is wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the nineteen

eighties prominent soviet artists that gave watcher of volunteered to paint sacral portrayed however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the center of family so intriguing that he wanted to include you in a boner because of her great influence over husband. but as we told the dr sucker off i counted seven slaps on i gave him changes every time he didn't light. and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to and i said of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over you know if i show them a sketch and she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. one thought or. took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the notorious soviet cia versus u.s.s.r.

who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born i was a jew response from dr sutter of and in public. that in the summer of surgical vs should apologise to my wife in public others less refused summer of came out to him and slapped him in the face alone not too hard or the man left and the desire of gleefully sent a telegram to his relief i slapped him. december one thousand nine hundred seventy nine afghanistan. after a special operation to remove the leader of the salami soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would like to call this fulfillment a national emergency several didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling its integration he would not be forgiven for his remarks. but only a trace up to the cause now comes to british one hundred ways where

a traffic police car suddenly got a white well driver which surprised though it sounds and walked to the police not at all the exact closures of the way and from solar panels and to medical and. they showed a very ugly carcass and said that they were from a ceiling minister in fact they were from the g.b. . going to drive returns they came to follow the car which was also from a cage legal record which came to the prosecutor's office where prosecutor become closer to making it a project. the words of the constant authorities have decided that you should be exhausted this is your. the outskirts of gorky in a newly built area show being a key. andrei sakharov and yelena on the spend seven years of their lives together and during all that time their respect was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees are watching several how many as six of him civilians were shot

and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. we will. bring you the latest in science and technology from around russia. we've got the future covered hungry for the full slate we've got it first hand the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers on r.t. . moscow the limited physical institute of the academy of sciences the employees of the institute with the only people allowed to visit sacro and the city of gold. his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them but when andre suffer of was in exile we did our best to preserve his office your rule nobody's and his

place at the table sign bearing his name was still hung on the door of the study that was attached to the in a side of the door and we separated by the wall god at the sign where you. know official soviet establishment is supposed to enforce law has taken responsibility for the fact of life deportation it is only up to a course to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment by case is layering unlawfulness. meanwhile in gold keep all the sucker rolls and bonus potential contacts were under k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave just south of suddenly show up and we break right you a state security officer approached me shoot you say dick are instructed me as to

how i was to serve sucker of his war and if he happens to ask permission to make a phone call i was to tell him that the residence was. in one thousand nine hundred eighty resident and the race of was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in response and ray and his friend decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of wards. of the fortune the first thing we saw was a man sitting in a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea where interest her of lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevators fled there was on the right where prost the dorner christabel without hesitation of . a woman opened the door seconds later we learned it was you in the ball and you're in the water she gave us a look of surprise and we all stiff and razor her of lived there she told us to

come in and we did but it was asleep but. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets such of use to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic managed to repair without nails but what he heard from sacral amazed the boy much more ordered meters sir of told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that thoughts of organized were being killed when we were leaving we all still for a civilian serve gave me and my friend a fail well postcard each here's my post card i've kept it for thirty years now written in briefly to andrey from and dream it all does that k.g.b. can take it away from us with. an

old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where handle a son heard of and yelena bonner could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of sky elin his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had a similar story they were also in exile to gorky by the soviet or thora trees forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers over the around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics cease to believe it would ever be an end to his constant harassment is not of a even found place in the oracular where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme.

gorky exile sucker of went on hunger strike three times for the first joined by yelena on the. doctors received an order to hospitalize sucker off. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today south ward is still a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen groups later recalled they fastened his arms and legs to the bad place to clip on his nose an already nutritious mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred eighty three sacro managed to leak to the west a new work to be published then in response the soviet leadership started afresh pounds of open persecution one of the central u.s.s.r.

newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose sachar off of instigating. against the soviet union mr sattar of if once you have the right to be called a comrade from the working class can you no longer call your so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken crabtree. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure the old invited into paragraphs the analysis of the contents of that it was all staged they picked people with various ends of the soviet union and told them right write this and don't mention the. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west

a square in front of a soviet embassy and washington saw so many demonstrations it was named secular of plaza have incurred were washington. new york and decided to follow in the footsteps of washington and remain part of the street next to russian. united nations mission mission is a very middle part of a war that was renamed sucker of borno corner. and communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as its general secretary. in nineteen eighty five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after supper of received that famous call from gorbachev he told his seven year exile was over to the still yes when the abnormality of the situation became clear

everyone went on to discuss it i said so let's let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at the time glasnost was already underway in the country as a way to deal with. a week after gorbachev's phone call sattar of return to moscow and was met by dozens of journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for them the abstain from giving any political statements the first place he visited was a martyr the limited physical institute he went there to attend a scientific seminar but unlike seven years before it was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way led the growth of the first and we came into the seminar as usual are going to settle it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now in the seminar started and then came suffer of intended to enter the whole noiselessly in order

not to interrupt the seminar not to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened i spotted him and pushed into applause was that upward europe. soon set or of was elected to the supreme council as a delegate from the academy of sciences was in june one thousand nine hundred eighty nine sacra found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the situation concerning a soviet troops in afghanistan if not on the war in afghanistan as a crime it took me about the greek wrong in itself. you know it's not clear i should be held responsible for this right troy but the country. these statements were judged offensive on the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of the satirist main opponent his name just said a gay children a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war here that we're going to

we're very shocked by the provocative behavior of his famous son to. today surrogate lives in kiev and his head of the ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that sucker of was to go above and trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. generally speaking apart from being a great physicist group the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believe everything he heard he was. counting his statements in a harsh manapul i think he was simply just see for the people who surround it of the most political course of the young surrogates press the populist standpoint among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan those who supported

secrest point of view were an absolute minority of the session but the debates were broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as a result sacrifice started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however the letters had a much different tone to those that previously fielder's mailbox during his gawky exile. dear dr suffer oh please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on december fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of gave an interview to catholic television the questions concerned the future of the senate test site in kazakstan it was

a place when you clear weapons have been designated for decades sachar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this facility or paying too high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah right that mankind will tell a critical period of history when we can peters and inventing weapons of mass destruction it is a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive a thoughtless wishlist. it was his last interview a few hours later sucker of heart failed his friends in a twenty in the previous day would deeply shocked. they had no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sattar of. in his final

year sachar of was drafting a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those in and read sachar of early articles and his political supporters had lost their chance of meeting him in person. while at the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people inside of the set still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is trailing the liberation of russia from doctrines or would be justly appreciative of good to share with. the thinking of the.