international headlines for you now here in alt. germany shelters and out see executioner wanted for torturing and killing his victims through world war two former at s.s. officer wanted carter paid more than fifty years the burden is refusing to hand over its citizens despite being quick to see prosecution of other war criminals. thousands of libyans have taken to the streets of tripoli in support of colonel gadhafi and in defiance of nato's bombings in order

a message to the nation maybe indeed of threatening to attack europe if the alliance continues it is strides. and international vessels with several hundred peace activists on board but only humanitarian aid are blockaded gaza are stopped in a greek courtyard coastguards comes just to bring here since activists from another potential killed by israeli forces. were next we explore the life of soviet scientists sundry sucker off the man who invented the h. bomb in the soviet union yet at the same time it was the country's most famous dissident. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. as an apartment in the city of gold key the phone line is urgently installed at a set time the phone rings the voice of the other and speaks this is going to jobs

please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were dressed to the spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. he was the man who created a first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was andres sucked out of and his life was full of paradoxes. now known as the city of nice north good old key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it housed a number of secret defense facilities. urge you to come to your senses mr subtle as

a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what the goals of the communist party and are for people who are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory thank you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable chattel of a soviet citizen. by larry to talents of his era time transit police officer in the mid 1980's easy meat was ordered to tail sucker of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elin a body off to moscow go through all the children to every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs deverall task was to follow circle of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially of the railway station that we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers just a minute. during some sort of exile to gorky every

facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence hundreds of letters of support as arrived from abroad were intercepted by the k.g.b. although the senators were always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. via dr satcher and it has been so long since they have had any use of full well we're very concerned about your health and the health of life and i've been there when most anxious to hear from you and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in united states and in canada supports you and the principles for which it stands can you give us those of the k.g.b. made a list of persons of interest rate so her of from communicating with certain people in the k.g.b. were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the settlers of the distant movement in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures who

were with the. sack or of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g.b. staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present them to western media as for the human rights activists sacral was alive and well. several could feel he was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a k.g.b. department who watched settles every step additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter the new to the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of secor was that identity he was the so-called secret academic these are some rash shots of the cycles taking a train ride to town not not on any of the world's maps the nuclear research center

are as a must sixteen and this is where a set of worked on his hydrogen bomb in the late one nine hundred forty s. . i worked very hard as a concert as arseholes to be of extreme importance to mankind. as their balance or on a spectrum the two great powers because that is exactly which guarantees that these arms will never believed them. this is the footage from of this nation of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a subset of the us this song has managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction sasol became an academic easily thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two deaths a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village he left

a strong impression sucker off despite the positive outcome of the new line drawn. by it i've also heard of a horrible day through a small party in the tests on a summer of the main hero here with he was allowed to open the evening or so he also propose the first two shots everyone says i'd like to drink all bombs exploding into science but never overtones and cities when you go down you've got a world that's not going to. time settle became acquainted with the dissident historian roy. he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin and then you will be given for cycle of himself came as a discovery find out about the good likes about that system of terror that was the foundation of our further cooperation is started writing about politics some self and i brought him underground dissident publications. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for

open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom and prejudices such a trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by masked myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues can be transformed into a bloody dictatorship. in the west the n.s.a. was an instant success selling millions of copies to authorities response was swift to sattar of was banned from working in a car is a must sixteen and moved to moscow there the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. were there with her job back in those years they often resulted to exultingly dissidents are brought here birdsong or of was too prominent

a figure. they also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. you recall was a well known soviet dissident he first heard sacral snail in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of the radio jamming with. his navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out under a circle of stores his essays and his activities with every inch of. distance used to typewrite secretary say they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents were in a permanent lookout for them this battle against the grassroots movement raged for

many years. at home with women flyers and wade posted them. in residential areas and back streets and courtyards are fine as he said the truth and the british sucker of himself was saying and exposed the lives that the soviet press started to publish about. it or whether it will. gradually human rights and became sacrosanct main occupation to a large extent this helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife succumbed to cancer. a few years later sucker of met gill in upon or at a distant call trial. lawyer is an outstanding woman with a strong character and she had a serious influence around race or her of it as you know he was very open and you can feel it is wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the

nineteen eighties prominent soviet artists and again author of volunteered to paint sacral support trade however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the center of family so intriguing and he wanted to include you in a boner because of her great influence a husband. doesn't talk a doctor sokoloff i counted seven slaps on occasion changes every time she didn't like. something and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to when i said of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over him. i showed her my sketch and she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. one spot or. took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the notorious soviet book cia versus u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making the fence of reference to born

a jew response from dull to suffer of and in public. or of says first he should apologise to my wife in public after his luxury refused summer of came up to him and slapped him in the face alone not too hard the man left at the end of the summer of gleefully sent a telegram to his relief i slept. december nineteenth seventy nine afghanistan. after a special operation to remove the leader of his alarm soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would later kulis the international agency several didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action called needs immigration and would not be forgiven for his remarks. we face up to the chris nowinski breach on her way so were the traffic police cars suddenly drops

a way the driver just apprised of talent and walk to the policeman over that removes the rear entrance open and two men apply and. they showed a bridge already cut us and said that they will throw me to an answer in fact they were from the g.b. . and they tried returning it they came to follow the car also from a cage illegal came from the prosecutor's office where prosecutor become closer to make it a broader. awards accountant authorities have decided that you should be exhausted this is your god at. the outskirts of gorky in the newly built area should have been. here andrei sakharov and yellin and on the spend seven years of their lives together and during all that time every step was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees were watching several how many sets of hidden surveillance was

shot and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. hungry for the full story we've got it first hand the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers on our t.v. . moscow they live in their physical institutes and the academy of sciences the employees of the institute who are the only people allowed to visit sacral in the city of gold. his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them. when andre sucker of was in exile we did our best to preserve his office your rule nobody took his place

at the table signed bearing his name was still hung on the door of the study it was attached to the inner side of the door and we separated by the wall guarded the sign where you. know official soviet establishment supposed to enforce the law has taken responsibility for the fact of my deportation it is only up to a court to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment by case is glaring unlawful. i mean walling going to keep all the sac arose and bonus potential contacts were under a k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave just sack of suddenly show up and write you a state security officer approached me shoots his id card and instructed me as to

how i was to serve succor of his war and if he happens to ask for permission to make a phone call i was to tell him the did not well. in one thousand nine hundred eighty residents and race north was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in response and ray and his friend decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of wards. of the fortune the first thing we saw was a man sitting at a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea where injuries to her have lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevators fled there was in the rights we approached the door no press the bell with no hesitation. and the door seconds later we learned it was even a boner on the wall that she gave us a look of surprise only else different rates to her of live there she told us to

come in and we did. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets where second of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic had managed to repair without nails but what he heard from sacral amazed the boy much more of the meters well sir of told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that thoughts of august were being killed when we were leaving we all still for a civilian serve gave me and my friend a fail well postcard each. postcard i've kept it for thirty years now and they're written in briefly to andrey from and dream you all does that k.g.b. can take it away from us because. an

old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where handle a subtle and yelena bonner could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of sky elin his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had a similar story they were also in exile to gold key by the soviet or thora trees forty years before those events since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers of the around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics ceased to believe there would ever be an end to his constant harassment is not a that they even found a place in new york where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme.

during his gorky exile sacro for went on hunger strike three times for the first joint. local doctors received an order to hospital i said. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today south ward is still a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen group later recalled the fast in his arms and legs to the bad place to clean up on his nose and poorly nutritious mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred eighty three sachar of managed to link to the west a new work to be published that in response to soviet leadership started afresh bounds of open persecution one of the central u.s.s.r.

newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose to sack of of instigating. against the soviet union mr sattar of if once you have the right to be called the comrades of the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure of i didn't paragraphs. the contents of the it was all staged they picked people from various ends of the soviet union and told the right side of the right this is nuts. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west square in front

of the soviet embassy in washington sourced so many demonstrations and was named sattler of plaza haven't heard where washington. new york again said it before. in the footsteps of washington and renamed the street next russian. united nations mission where mission is a very middle part of a war that was renamed sucker of warner corner. as well the communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as his general secretary. in nineteen eighty five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after supper of received that famous call from gorbachev he told his seven year exile was over. when he abnormality of the situation became clear everyone went

on to discuss it i said so let's let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at the time glasnost was already underway in the country so it would go. a week after gorbachev's phone call sattar of return to moscow and was met by dozens of journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for them he abstained from giving any political statements the first place he visited was in. the limited physical insurgent he went there to attend the scientific seminar but unlike seventies before it was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way there for growth of the three similar we covered for the seminar as usual on tuesday it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now one of the seminar started and then came supper of intended to enter the whole noiselessly in

order not to interrupt the seminar to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened as forces him and burst into applause was the recorder. soon secor of was elected to the supreme council as a delegate from the academy of sciences was in june one thousand nine hundred nine sacral found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the situation concerning the soviet troops in afghanistan it is not up on the war in afghanistan as a crime. by the great drawing in itself. and it's not clear who should be held responsible for this break drawing by the country . his statements were judged offensive on the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of the satirist main opponents his name just said a gay children a peacekeeper

a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war. we're very shocked by the provocative behavior of the strain assigned. today sergey lives in kiev and is head of the ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that secor of was to go above and trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. generally speaking apart from being a great physicist who the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believe everything he heard he was. counting his statements in a harsh manner i think he was simply just see for the people who surround is often the most political course of the young surrogates press the populist standpoint among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan those who supported

secrest point of view were an absolute minority of the session the baits are broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as a result sacral started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however a less is and a much different tone to those that previously fielder's nail box during his gawky exile. dear dr sucker oh please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need to get. on the center of fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sachar of gave an interview to kazakh television the questions concerned the future of the semi pellets in test sites and kazakstan it

was a place where nuclear weapons had been detonated for decades sattar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this vicinity of paying too high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah right that will terminate the critical period of history when we can peters and inventing weapons of mass destruction but it is a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive a focus wish. it was his last interview a few hours later sacral start failed his friends he met told him the previous day would deeply shocked. there'd be no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. any final

year sachar of was drawn to a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those who had read sachar of early articles and his political supporters had lost their chance of meeting him in person. that while at the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people and so forth the sex still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is trailing the liberation of russia from doctrines or google just three appreciative of good to share with. the thinking of the.