little. welcome back here's a recap of the top stories around r.t. a captain in custody afloat tell us stuck at port all that saw the mission of gaza bound vessels ended in greece or departed from the blockaded on clay and. germany is accused of double standards over nazi war crimes the country continues to shield the convicted world war two criminal who was skate from a life sentence and another once for murdering dozens of people. and

r.t. takes in the glamour and excitement and mixes with the stars at moscow's international film festival where the movie the waves snatches the top prize to take home to spain. and next our special report on soviet scientists under the sun herald who created the soviet union's harder to bomb and became the country's most noted dissident that's up next. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. as an apartment in a city of corky a phone line is urgently installed at the same time the phone rings the voice of the other end speaks this is going to giove please return and continue your

patriotic activity. the person these words were dressed to has spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. it was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was andres sucked out of and his life was full of courage oxes. now known as the city of nice north. a key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it housed a number of secret defense facilities. urge you to come to your senses mr subtle as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the

communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory we beg you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable title of a soviet citizen. a lady to town and serve as a retired transit police officer in the mid 1980's his unit was ordered to detail such sort of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elin and gone off to moscow. every officer had a specific task to carry arrows at all costs the overall task was to follow cycle of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially at the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers written. during some of those exile to go every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence

hundreds of letters of support for the ride from abroad waiting to sit sit by the k.g.b. over the senators who are always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. via dr satcher and it has been so long since they have had any use of your well being we're very concerned about your health and the health of life elana owner when most anxious to hear from you and would greatly appreciate the response to this letter many people here in the united states and in canada support and the principles for which you stand there is the cause of the k.g.b. made a list of persons to restrict so her of from communicating with certain people the k.g.b. were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the status of the distant movement in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures who were with. satter of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g.b.

staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present to western media as proof a human rights activist sacral was alive and well. several could feel he was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a k.g.b. department who watched sacrifice every step additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter the new to the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of sucker of the identity he was the so-called secret academic these are some rash shots of the psychos taking a train ride to the town not smarts on any of the world's maps a nuclear research center artisanal sixteen this is where sutter of worked on his

hydrogen bomb in the late one nine hundred forty s. . i worked very hard as i can says it ourselves to the facts freeman portions to mankind. balance the need to own a spectrum the two great powers because that is exactly what scared sees that these arms will have a belief system. this is the footage from the designation of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a subset of the us is saddam had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction samsonov became an academic and he said early thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two days a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village he left a strong impression on sucker growth despite the positive outcome of the new hundred dollars. last week i've also heard of comparable things through

a small quality in the test side to own a saucer of the main hero here with and he was allowed to open the evening post reporter so he also proposed the first dose was shocked everyone says oh cool i'd like to drink bombs exploding into science but never overtones on cities when it when you go the news of the world isn't going to. other times several became acquainted with the dissident historian roy viet if he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin and then you will believe in full cycle of himself again as a discovery will find out about the gulags about that system of terror now is the foundation of our further cooperation you started writing about politics some self and i both among the ground president population of some is not. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pleasure by officialdom

and prejudices such a trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by mass myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues can be transformed into bloody dictatorship. in the west the essay was an instance success selling millions of copies to authorities response was swift. satire of was banned from working in artisanal sixteen and moved to moscow there the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. who were there with your job back in those years they often resulted three designing the dissidents abroad birdsong or of was too prominent a figure. also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going

abroad as an option. the new rebbe called for the well known soviet dissident he first heard circles name in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of the radio jamming with. navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country during it helps us find out under a sucker of stores his essays and his activities of being. dissidents used to typewrite sacral essays they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents were in a permanent lookout for them this battle against the grassroots movement raged for many years and he thought it rather middle of the women flyers and wade post at the rear of the. residential areas and back streets and courtyards our

fliers he said the truth and the british secor of himself was saying and exposed the lives that the soviet press started to publish about him. it was recorded or. gradually human rights and privacy became sacrosanct main occupation to a large extent this helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife who had succumbed to cancer. a few years later sucker of met gillan and pointed at a distant call trial. lawyer is an outstanding woman with a strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei so her of as you know he was very open and you can feel there is wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the one nine hundred eighty s. prominent soviet artists are gay baucher of volunteered to paint sacral support

trait however the work remains unfinished he found the relationship in the center of family so intriguing that he wanted to include yelena bonner because of her great influence over husband. but as we talk with dr sokoloff i counted seven slaps on a gave him she did every time she didn't light. something and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to and i said of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over here you know. i showed in my sketch she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the new tourist soviet book versus u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born a jew response from dr satcher of and in public. or of

says first we should apologize to my wife in public to his verse three refused summer of came up to him and slapped him in the face although not too hard the man left and the designer of gleefully sends a telegram to his relief i slapped him. december one thousand nine hundred seventy nine afghanistan. after special operations remove the leader of the tsunami soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would later kulis fulfilling international g.g. several didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling its immigration he would not be forgiven for his remarks. we drove up to the casino and skipped reach one hundred boys who were at traffic police cars suddenly go sorry way that driver which is surprised get out and walk to the police nothing at all of that

road in the rear entrance opens and it's a megaphone. they show they would argue to us and said that they withdraw my interior ministry in fact they were from the tragedy. and it's rather it serious they would tend to follow the car which is also for a cage mate of which i'm sure the prosecutor's office where a prosecutor become pro sets and make it across the awards a couple incompetent authorities have decided that it should be exhausted this is or. where. the else goes of gorky in the new revealed area should have been keep. under a sample of and yelena bona spent seven years of their lives together and during all that time there every step was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees were watching several how many cassettes of kin civilians were shot and what reports were made it's all still

a secret to this day. under-rate for the full story we've got it first hand the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers on r.t. . usa. a live in a physical institute and the academy of sciences the employees of the institute were the only people allowed to visit sacral in the city of gold. his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them together when andre suffer of was in exile we did our best to preserve his office your rule nobody's of his place at the table son

bearing his name was still hung on the door of the subject of the times to the innocent of the door and we separated by the wall god of the sun where you. know official soviet establishment supposed to enforce law has taken responsibility for the fact of life deportation it is only up to the courts to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment my case is glaring unlawfulness. meanwhile in gold all a sucker rose and bonus potential contacts who are on the k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave should sacral suddenly show up and we bickered you a state security officer approached me shoot your id card and instructed me as to how i was to serve sucker of your money i was warned that if it happens to ask for

permission to make a phone call i was to tell him that the resident. in one thousand nine hundred eighty resident and the race was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in response and ray and his friend decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of wards. of the fortune the first thing we saw was a man selling a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea were interest her of lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevators flared there was on the right where prost the door across the bell without hesitation rules apply woman opened the door seconds later we learned it was here in the barn or you're going to war she gave us a look of surprise and we all stiff and raise a horrid lived there she told us to come in and we did. it with us

a. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic managed to repair without nails and what he heard from sacral amazed the boy much more. zero told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that lots of aga. as for being killed when we were leaving we also feel for a civilian serve gave me and my friend to fail well coast guard each. post-college i've counted for thirty years now they originally briefly thought to enter a tremendous alders that k.g.b. can take it away from us because. an

old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where under a sun her oath and yelena bonner could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of sky elin his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had a similar story they were also in exile tacl key by the soviet or thora g.'s forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers over the around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics cease to believe they would ever be an end to his constant harassment is not and they even found a place in gorky where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme.

cheering his gorky exile sucker of went on hunger strike three times for the first joined by c.n.n. and on the. local doctors received an order to hospital i sent her off. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today said it is still a local place of interest the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen group later recalled they fastened his arms and legs to the bad plays the clip on his nose and pour in nutrition is mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred eighty three sacro managed to leak to the west a new work to be published then in response to soviet leadership started afresh pounds of open persecution one of the central u.s.s.r.

newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose sachar off of instigating. against the soviet union mr sattar of if once you have the right to be called a comrade when the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure. didn't paragraphs denounces of the contents of that it was all staged they picked people from various ends of the servian union and told them right side of right this and don't mention the. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west a square in front of

a soviet embassy in washington source so many demonstrations it was named secular of plaza have incurred were washington. new york i decided to follow in the footsteps the russian and renamed part the street next the russian. united nations mission mission isn't the middle part of a war the was renamed sucker of warner corner. as well in communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as his general secretary. in nineteen ninety five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after supper of received that famous call from colbert shelf and told him his seven year exile was over the stile yesterday when the abnormality of the situation became clear everyone went on to discuss it i said so what let's face the issue. i

think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at the time glasnost was already underway in a country where it would go. a week after gorbachev's phone calls sattar of return to moscow and was met by dozens of journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for him he abstained from giving any political statements the first place he visited was a martyr the limited physical institute he will then to attend the scientific seminar but unlike seven years before it was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way led the growth of the first in the recovery to the seminal as usual we're going to say that it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now in a similar started and then came sucker of intended to into the whole noiselessly in order not to interrupt the seminal not to draw everyone's attention to himself

something incredible happened i spotted him and burst into applause was the border of. soon center of was elected to the supreme council as a delegate from the academy of sciences was in june one thousand nine hundred nine sacro found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the situation concerning a soviet troops in afghanistan it know that on the war in afghanistan as a crime he took me about the great front in itself. we have held stock players should be held responsible for this great crime by a country. these statements were judged offensive on the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of the subtle rosaline opponents has made just surrogate children a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war later going to we're very

shocked by the provocative behavior of his famous son to. today surrogate lives in kiev and his head of a ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that sucker of was to go above and trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. overfull wish generally speaking apart from being a great physicist group the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believed everything he heard was. counting his statements in a harsh manner i think he was simply to see for the people who surround is a in the which is a political course of your own silly gay expressed a populist standpoint among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan

those who supported secrest point of view were an absolute minority of the session but the debates were broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as a result sacral started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however the letters have been much different to those that previously filled his mailbox during his gawky exile. dear dr suffer oh please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on december fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of gave an interview to kazakh television the questions concerned the future of the semicolons in test site and kazakstan it was a place when you clear weapons had been designated for decades satirise demanded

that the site be closed because the people who lived in this facility hoping to high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah i hope that mankind will terminate the critical period of history when we can peters and inventing weapons of mass destruction it is a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive a focus will shift. it was his last interview a few hours later sucker of heart failed his friends the metro team the previous day would deeply shocked. they had no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. any final year sachar of was drawn to

a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those in and read sachar of early articles and his political supporters had lost their chance of meeting him in person. while the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people and sorrow of the set still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is played in the liberation of russia from doctrines or would be justly appreciative of it isherwood of the things of the.