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welcome back a summary now of our top stories in the weekly on r.t. the year releases the twelve billion euro trunk should read from last year's bailout package of the team an imminent greek default there was violence on the streets during the week in response to the austerity plan needed to secure the deal . also hundreds of thousands of public sector workers take part in a one day national strike across the u.k. over government cuts some plans to slash the pensions and other benefits. doctorates from a humanitarian flotilla destined for gaza demanding authorities explain why that convoy has been barred from leaving greek ports and while the palestinian leader accepts athens offered to deliver the aid to the enclave will be out of the campaign and. up next it sounds special report on soviet scientist andrei sakharov

who created the soviet union's hydrogen bomb and become the country's most dissident. the end. of. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. as an apartment in the city of gold keep a phone line is urgently installed at a set time the phone rings the voice of the other and speaks this is going to giove please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were dressed to has spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. he was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet

dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was under a son out of and his life was full of paradoxes. now known as the city of nizhny novgorod the key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it has the number of secret defense facilities which urge you to come to your senses mr sourav as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory we beg you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable title of a soviet citizen. a living to talents of his era time transit police officer

in the mid 1980's his unit was ordered to tail such sort of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elin and off to moscow. every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs the overall task was to follow succor of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially at the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers written in that. during such as exile to gorky every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence hundreds of letters of support as arrived from abroad were intercepted by the k.g.b. although the senators will always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. via dr satcher and it has been so long since they have had any use of your well being we're very concerned about

your health and the health of your wife illana been there when most anxious to hear from you and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in the united states and in canada support and the principles to which you stand there with the cause of the k.g.b. made a list of persons to restrict so horror of from communicating with certain people changing me were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the solders of the dissidents movement in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures in the war with. satire of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g.b. staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present them to western media as proof that human rights activists sacral was alive and well. sahar of can feel he was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live

with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a key. h.e.b. department who watch satirists every step additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter that muted the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of sacro side density he was the so-called secret academic these are some ranch shots of the sacro staking a train ride to the town not marks on any of the world's maps the nuclear research center artisanal sixteen this is where sector of worked on his hydrogen bomb in the late one nine hundred forty s. . i worked very hard as i can soldiers are tossed to be extreme importance to mankind. balance of nuclear onerous between the two direct palace because that is exactly what's going to cease that these arms will never believe

that. this is the footage from the detonation of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a subset of the u.s.s.r. had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction several became an academic in his early thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two deaths a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village is left a strong impression inside her all despite the positive outcome of the new hydro bomb. blast. they threw a small party in the test site to own a saucer of the main hero and he was allowed to open the evening about her so he also proposed the first toast which shocked everyone you know her she says i'd like to drink job orms exploding into sites but never over towns and cities when you

could i knew very well it's going to. at that time several became acquainted with the dissident historian. he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin. even for cycles of himself and he came as a discovery find out about the system of terror that was the foundation of our further cooperation is to his writing about politics and self and i brought him underground dissident publication of. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom and prejudices such a trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by mass myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues can be transformed into bloody dictatorship.

in the west the usa was an instant success selling millions of copies to authorities response was swift to. was banned from working in sixteen and moved to moscow then the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. before they were back in those years they often resulted to exhausting the dissidents abroad birdsong or of was too prominent a figure. also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. was a well known soviet dissident he first heard sacco's name in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of

the radio. navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out under a sucker of stuart's his essays and his activities with a gauge the. distance used to typewrite sacral they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents were in a permanent lookout for them this battle against the grassroots movement raged for many years. ago and women flyers and way posted the reverse in residential areas and back streets and courtyards our fliers he said the truth and the sacrifice himself was saying and exposed the lies that the soviet press started to publish about him. it was. gradually

human rights and fantasy became sacral smain occupation to launch extent this helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife and succumbed to cancer. a few years later sachar of meant. at a distant court trial. lawyer is an outstanding moomba strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei saw her of as you know he was very open and you can feel that is wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the one nine hundred eighty s. prominent soviet artists said gay baucher of volunteered to paint sacral sport trait however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the center of family so intriguing that he wanted to include you in a boner because of her great influence over her husband. but as we told the doctor sokoloff i counted seven slaps on

a gave him she did it every time she didn't like. and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to and i said of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over. a show demo sketch and she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. possible. took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the notorious soviet book cia vs u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born a jew response from doc to suffer of and in public. that in the summer of said first it should apologise to my wife in public office refused summer of came up to him and slapped him in the face although not too hard for the man left and the designer of gleefully sent a telegram to his relief i slept him. december

one thousand nine hundred seventy nine afghanistan. after a special operation to remove the leader of the tsunami soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would like to call this fulfillment a national emergency session of didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling its immigration he would not be forgiven for his remarks. we drove up to the coast. on. a traffic police car suddenly got away with driver for just surprised that with a turn out and walked to the placement. of the rear entrance opened and two men climbed. they showed. us and said that they withdraw my interior ministry in fact they were from the tragedy. and the driver turned it they would take him to follow the car which was also from like a jail came to the prosecutor's office where prosecutor become close said to make

it a draw into the. awards hopeful and competent authorities have decided that you should be exalted to this is your question. the outskirts of gorky in the newly built area should have been key here andrei sakharov and yelena bonner spent seven years of their lives together and during all that time every step was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees were watching several how many cassettes of kin civilians were shot and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. cultures that so much are definite there is a huge percentage share bearing in mind that the market as real as starts its military withdrawal from iraq what does faith hold for the kurds and if the kurds strive towards an independent state what is.

moscow the limited physical institute of the academy of sciences the employees of the institute who are the only people allowed to visit sacral in the city of gold. his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them. in exile we did our best to preserve his office nobody took his place at the table sign bearing his name was still hung on the door of the study that was attached to the in a side of the door and we separated by the wall at the sign. no official soviet establishment supposed to enforce law has taken responsibility for the fact of my deportation it is only up to a court to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of

punishment and a term of imprisonment my case is glaring unlawfulness. meanwhile . all of us and bonus potential contacts were under k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave should sacrifice suddenly show up and the bodyguard use a state security officer approached me shoot she is id card and instructed me as to how i was to serve sucker of you or me i was warned that if he happens to ask for permission to make a phone call i was to tell him the did not well. in one thousand nine hundred eighty resident and or a smidgen of was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in whispers and ray and his friend

decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of wards. went to the fortune the first thing we saw was a man sitting at a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea where interest or her of lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevator to his flat there was on the right where proceed the door and i pressed the bell without hesitation. i woman open the door seconds later we learned it was even a boner in the wall she gave us a look of surprise and we also different rates on her of lived there she told us to come in and we did. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic had managed to repair without nails but what

he heard from sakher of amaze the boy much more. severe of told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that lots of organized were being killed when we were leaving we all still for a souvenir serve gave me and my friend a fail well postcard each year is more postcard i've kept it for over thirty years now written in briefly to andrey. alders that k.g.b. can take it away from us of. an old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where andrei sakharov and yelena boehner could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of skier elin his relatives lived in the building the high north the family had a similar story they were also in exile to go to keep by the soviet or thora teas

forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers hovered around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics ceased to believe there would ever be an end to his constant harassment. and they even found a place in gorky where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme. exile sacro went on hunger strike three times for the first joined by you landed on a. local doctor's received an order it's a hospital i said. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today said it is still

a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen proof later recalled they fast into his arms and legs to the bad place to clip on his nose and poorly nutritious mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred three sacro managed to leak to the west a new work to be published then in response the soviet leadership started afresh bound to vulcan persecution one of the central u.s.s.r. newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose to sack or off of instigating nuclear war against the soviet union mr sattar of if once you have the right to be called a comrade when the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your

outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure all divided into paragraphs denounces their contents reveals that it was all staged they picked people of various ends of the soviet union and told them right sacrifice write this and don't mention this and that. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west the square in front of the soviet embassy in washington sourced so many demonstrations he was named secular of plaza have incurred washington. new york and decided to follow in the footsteps of washington and there in the. street next to russian. united nations mission missionaries and middle

part of a war that was renamed sucker of warner corner. communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as his general secretary. in nineteen ninety five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after supper of received that famous call from goldberg shelf he told him his seven year exile was over. when the abnormality of the situation became clear everyone went on to discuss it i said so what let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at that time glasnost was already underway in the country. a week after gorbachev's phone calls sattar over turn to moscow and was met by dozens of

journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for him he abstained from giving any political statements the first place he visited was is. the limited physical institute he went there to attend a scientific seminar but unlike seven years before he was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way there was a verse of the three similar to the seminar as usual on tuesday it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now in a seminar started and then came subtle of intended to enter the whole noiselessly in order not to interrupt the seminal not to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened they spotted him and burst into applause was delivered here. soon secor of was elected to the supremes council as a delegate from the academy of sciences but in june one thousand nine hundred eighty nine several found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the

situation concerning a soviet troops in afghanistan it is not at all that the war in afghanistan as a crime be a great drawing in itself. and it's not clear who should be held responsible for this great wrong country i his statements were judged offensive by the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of satirists main opponents his main just said a gay child of an a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war here that we're going to we're very shocked by the provocative behavior of this famous scientist i. today surrogate lives in kiev and his head of the ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that sucker of was to go

a bull in trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. we're foolish with generally speaking apart from being a great physicist groot the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believed everything he heard it was and i had to counter his statements in a harsh manner i think he was simply to see for the people who surrounded served in the us and chose a political course of young surrogates pressed a populist standpoint among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan those who supported secularist point of view were an absolute minority at the session but the debates were broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as a result sacral started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however the letters had an much different tone to those that previously

filled his mailbox during his gawky exile. dear dr sucker oh please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on december fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of gave an interview to kazakh television the questions concerned the future of the semi test site in kazakstan it was a place where new clear weapons had been designated for decades sachar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this vicinity or paying too high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah. that mankind will terminate the critical period of history when we can peter's inventing weapons of mass

destruction it is a kind of examination mankind assessing today that a test of the ability to survive this wish. it was his last interview a few hours later satirise heart failed his friends even told to him the previous day would deeply shocked. they had been no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. in his final year sachar over was drafting a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those who had read sachar of early articles and his political supporters had lost their chance of meeting him in person. while at the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people inside her office said still needs to

be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is played on liberation of russia from doctrines or will be justly appreciated good to share with the thinking of the.