here is a kidnap harbor on a pike that was on a peaceful mission really thrift shop. living in a safe country i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the legacy of hope really that i think that we have given young people. twenty is it's we actually pass the rule and we want to young people to know about the law because any was only four when the law was passed. and the old hands if i could have if it's just and i swear this. and that's. what. i have. is. that they were. not the first. thing they knew that if all that. listening to the stories of people like mum and peacemakers and israel and the work that they've done is make it hard and i think that i've seen what ordinary citizens can do and

make a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long crusade that made their country nuclear free and neither confirm nor deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there and actually protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model that they have that is unusual i think right around the world. to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran on a nuclear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem. but bombing remember warrior what it did instead was it absolutely cemented it hope

. remember that the british and australia on aboriginal lamed for that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french entirely. the british preceded the french in the pacific beginning in one nine hundred fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted nuclear by the u.s.s.r. united with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. use eventis picture and study. the results demonstrated the presence of elevated chromosomal disturbances new zealand veterans in the fifty years ago so they're basically saying they have suffered any damage and we spoke recently as a national conference here on disarmament when the daughter of one of the trends spycatcher father was too ill to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having

a child bone food and even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from her father they exposed to new to some of the stuff that. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with the think that. i was so it was normal until i got to school and sit on the mitts and go around so i would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm a take for news and then. tries to stop nuclear. because that's how i understood it. is. now working at the disarmament security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in and she submarine helicopters i was required to train my

air crew in using this new to drop the bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it true a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't it and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it . it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence. i realize that. only later many years later of sam this was completely true. as a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we are professional military men.

who thought free deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. i'm trying to think. he had a conscience to do something about these and i can't imagine a guy around its merits. that i just can't imagine and i see him suck now so passionate about what he does that i just said nother rob well it was the ultimate cautionary tale but one of a says nothing like call of it. the always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which of what is being proposed the pentagon of those will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be

a accidental start of a nuclear war but no through weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake specially with the thousands of nuclear weapons on had trigger alert in the us and in russia in the united states they have dropped i think it's eleven atomic bombs accidentally. we dropped four off of spain we have dropped one no player weapon in a marsh here in the united states now and still there was never a foul that the nuclear nucular weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with them that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. the way they say they're cutting back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an

accident is pending ok but i and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons in ninety six when we began the swell project idea there was this dream if you see i could clean it with friends and legal in everywhere else in the world by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's an illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we had done in our own country and thank goodness that we would dream is and i'm realistic and. that that we were both stood by the sense of how this could happen but the real sources of international treaties customary international law

and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world. that quite categorical on the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used by way of a strike threat. you know to mostly a threat or use of force. by means of nuclear weapons and that he's going to lead to article two of the united nations charter and article fifty one is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if they. are goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're going to argue it is

contrary to international law or even to have in one's assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapons to use it either as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into the court but governments would ignore it and that's true they have. and the other thing he relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for

the people who brought you to terms is that if they try to claim a level use nun's terms doesn't work we're meant he would argue that terence does mean use of it is a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that is when you into the will cause the first time you for to get that threet yeah and this isn't it it was the south pacific noise and the activists that i get to have threesome clued in that original question if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could valued well we're only relying to terence which is threat and so we're not going to use so i waited for him in. lead to from here is going to go back to the court throws region. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting ted that opinion on and.

when i understand that the lewis and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion and i wanted to say to new zone how can we make that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new leiva to put more pressure on the equip states to comply and disarm completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world court decision the americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction species for the greater work and

the signing signers to each they agree to take a good faith effort to eliminate nuclear weapons and none of them lived up to that and now of course we focus on regulations by others those who are like policemen on the word scene and i'm talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now you have what if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the village to complain but the law of the only system that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applying to all countries one approach that has followed these days is you know dividing the worry between friends court and court good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much to remember

that in the one nine hundred eighty s. daboll sand in iraq was a friend of the west. understood the intelligence agencies knew the invasion of iraq would spur the. nuclear proliferation and terror for good reasons these are the only means of deterrence to the other side. and nobody's going to turn to the united states where the us spends about as much as the rest of the world. through spending so the only reason to turn. to for weapons and target. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with

surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security who is attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can they use nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting musk eaters with camels i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if the decider that they let the program expire we are still fighting the public war between britain and france because when i finally corner. any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do

with the russians it's to do with the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like president if they're going to be free there will be. of no consequence in the world . even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean the discussion that we were having talking about the reality of needs here we pins on the streets sometimes i just want i just i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be down and if i am going to persist that i can do something i what. i mean now current generations i go out to the middle of the woods and pretty soon said now that you caused

a lot of people i speak to you live when i go out there. and maybe also for different names on. it and some your position if you can sign it and i got ashamed. that belonging because yes which comes from that live sort of projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people that it might it just as i said before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm here because i went to washington so i mean it's not necessarily it's you go to commits the public statement or the pope said suddenly we're going to be a side yet we're going to be here and what i'm going to be ready to even try to trace and i think they mobilize action that would occur would be huge many said yeah like no one's talking about anything like that because it's kind of the feeling is still there to kind of pace. so there. but i also think that

a lot of young people that aspect might be interested in some ways but not complacent and overwhelmed by all of this terrorism and what the maybe. we don't. need to be guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. and you know clear to me earlier nineteen was probably the most. the largest and most effective nonviolent peace movement in history and successful a man of the united states was moving towards sharp increase in

offensive nuclear capacities and it was forced to back down in fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs that's where star wars comes from and we're not playing attacking anyone or just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two there were one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true is the peace movement lost roots organization and took significantly but the lesson there is very clear

a mass violent political movement can change all over the place the importance of nuclear proliferation is very much one. or even aware of or concerned with if one is surprised to discover a fifteen year old concern by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i just like to say that to you in your speech is right now serving part of my school. and i like to play. right through it once i actually found out how bad it was three different people who really made that clear to me speakers. and search. and i watched its national were very much to say to have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist disarmament educator producer your advisor on the list just keeps going there's different warm welcome

for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to say three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on hiroshima and nagasaki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness. for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is what those countries that have

nuclear weapons find a way to give them up and to rely full security on non-nuclear means. and when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries had said why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapon capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes for for to it as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third world good at our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product we've now dropped down to late we used to be

leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a member of nature and nature is a neutral lots just like matthew that you've signed on to which clearly canadian foreign policy the first policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. every. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they sent the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming.

will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on may the bond be with. one.

in india in the movie the joint the hotel room. the gateway hotel the grand imperial truly told us to. tell the closeness you

see don't need to go and. read this in the kennel was her job as a retreat. media mogul goes on the offensive claiming it only made minor stakes. possible. on another. europe's and plagued spreads to its third largest economy spurring italy's. multi-billion dollar blow to expand. and america is a true face of torture tactics rising up all over the us training exporting of brutal interrogations preaching human rights to the rest of.

a very warm welcome to you this is r.t. life from moscow. rupert murdoch has taken a swipe at his media rivals labeling accusations against news corp total lies and that only minor mistakes have been made in the phone hacking probe the embattled media mogul now has an f.b.i. inquiry on his hands over claims that the voice mails of nine eleven victims were intercepted meanwhile and the scandals claimed its biggest scalp yet rebecca brooks has quit she ran murdoch's u.k. newspapers and was editor of the news of the world when motivic million dollars phone was hacked next week she'll join. her face and. parliamentary grilling but i thought it was a more i reports while he fights to save his media titan the vultures are already circling i pod every media outlet in town t.v. radio even the sky writers when art imitates life the long running simpsons takes

a shot at its owner rupert murdoch aka montgomery burns in an episode broadcast apparently coincidentally this week. but it's not the only piece of timing in the extraordinary phone hacking case that seems to get more scandalous every day the list of something like four thousand names which the police have have since about two thousand and four two thousand and five and yet they promise facie evidence of criminal activity by these individuals and boy by the murdoch empire and yet they have not acted on it so why now just as the murdoch deal to take control of satellite t.v. giant b. sky b. look sure to go ahead his arch rival the guardian newspaper releases catastrophic allegations of amoral journalists and their shady practices that when the deal collapses.