i just thought it's a very warm welcome hour to live here in moscow top stories the over thirty countries including the u.s. officially recognize the libyan rebel council as the governing authority which raising earlier calls for gadhafi to give up power and recognition will allow washington to sponsor libyan rebels with money from gadhafi is frozen assets. u.k. phone hacking scandal gathers pace forcing the chief executive of the group owned by the murdoch empire to quit in march questions arise as to why it's taken so long

to confront the crisis despite police knowing about many of the allegations for years. and people take to the streets to protest against looming cuts in italy and it is a huge country to be hit by the financial crisis that says the parliament are pretty secure start in a bit to stave off the stress of the bailout. will be back with more in their stores more developers for in less than thirty minutes from now meantime a special report on those you've seen the dangers of nuclear weapons first hand and are taking it upon themselves to open the world sounds a special report next. the follow from the french test went beyond the polynesian islands they caused outrage in new zealand which did lead in the end to any clear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes unlike any other country new zealand refused to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here nuclear technology is banned it's the law. i think a lot of the young people do feel proud about new zealand this country free policy

but i think people have come a bit complacent and feel that as far more safe there are these other ships here i mean a lot of people say people in the peace movement has happy certain older members graveyards reserves and that's what people's like. even in new zealand it's difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the ageing pacifist movement and i'm working at peace foundation in my role as they used outreach coordinator. in the race and they are going to tell you see to be pacific youth east of all day and basing all these rising people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt worse for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remote and that we were big way back he had to. sort things out the pacific garden country. i was brought up in the higher the

peace activist mother she's been around during peace activist the last thirty years so it's on my blood and i feel a sponsor for the state to continue that work. i hope that's funny memory of mum buying a crane place stickers that you put on it when the news of the rainbow warrior and the face of terrorism couldn't have power on a part that was on a peaceful mission released of show choir dear living in a safe come. trey i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the literacy of hope really this thing that we have given young people especially on. twenty instance we passed the war and we want to young people to know that there was any was only four when the law was passed. and the old times as i could see it it's interesting because we're. not and that's. what.

i feel is. that they were. not. the first. thing they knew that if i were. listening to the stories of people that mum and peacemakers in israel and they've done is me hard and i think that all of us a more ordinary citizens can vary by the difference and i feel that i can contribute to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of a long crusade it made their country nuclear free and under neither confirm nor deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there in the proteas i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model they have it is unusual i think right around the world. to notice it took another twelve years to get along

a government that actually ran over the nuclear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop us problem. but. the road warrior what it did instead was it will be cemented her. range and it's important to remember that the british and australia on aboriginal lamed for that that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening for the french until he. the british preceded the printer that's a fair beginning in one nine hundred fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. and studied. the results demonstrated the presence of elevator disturbances new zealand

. in fifty years ago so that by simply saying i have suffered really damage. recently a national conference here and when the daughter of one of the restrictions spycatcher father was too old to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having i phone for home even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from. exposed to nutri some of the stuff that. i don't like it. i have three children. and i don't live with. i was through was normal until i got disco and so on the mess in korea i would appear. and most of the kids would say i my mother's a teacher. and then i'll say i am

a trust. because that's how i understood. procreating as a mixed navy commander who's now working at the disarmament security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in n.c. separate helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this new picked up the ball which we were given. if we ever had to release it. true a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't exist and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was be assured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that.

only later many years later that. as was completely untrue. as a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great score by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends when i cited words we were professional military men. who thought very deeply about what we did. but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. but they think. i'm playing finger on the phone he had a conscience to do something about these and i can't imagine a guy around it's. that i just can't imagine and i see him such now so passionate about what he does that it's just. said not to rob well

it's the ultimate cautionary tale of a safe nothing like call that. yeah there are always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which he wrote spring protest the pentagon and others will say oh don't worry we have every alone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there not a accidental start of a nuclear war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake specially whether thousands of the nuclear weapons on had trigger alert in the us than in russia in the united states have brought i think it's eleven upon a wound accident way. we drop off of stay we have dropped one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states and that one still there was never

a father we knew. the weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with on that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. away and they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons it's a very given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is tending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons in ninety six when we began the swell could project idea there was a strain if you see i could clean it with friends and legal in everywhere else in the world control by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's a legal to use nuclear weapon to morrow and the drain was easy to get it through

the rain and. they were of course and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we had done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic and. we were posted by the sense of how this could happen but the real sources are international law apart from treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world. that way categorical on the batting order nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by way of straight unity must be. a threat or use of force. i means of nuclear weapons and that he's contrary to article four of the united nations charter and article if you want.

he's unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them. on our goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're in here today it is contrary to international law or even to have in one's assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapons to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear power is our alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion

and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to have gone to court but gotten sort of nor it and that's true they have . and he of the relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terence is that they try to handle abuse and then it turns doesn't work where many would argue that terence does mean use of says a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that's when you're into that will cause the first time you've fought to get that through it you know and the spinning it was the south pacific noise and the activists and i do to have three syncrude in their original question is if you have included threats then the. nuclear states can bargain it well we're only relying to terence which is threat so

we're not going to yours so i waited for him. to from here is going to go back to the court personnel speech and. at the time the judges think we need unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tebbit opinion on and. it's based on. what i understand that the new is another's wanting to do is to use the unanimous parts of the opinion and i wanted to say to new zone how can we might get stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on your group stage to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since world war sitting americans particularly

come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for the threat of destruction species by nuclear war and the signing signer states really agree pretty good faith efforts to a limiting nuclear weapons i'm not going to let that and of course we focus on regulations by others those who are like policemen on the world scene i'm talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now you have what if a policeman violates the law you cannot expect the rest of the wood to complain be a lot of the only thing that would work would be one that is safe to be

nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach that has followed these bears is you know dividing the were between friends court and god good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil doers that approach doesn't work it doesn't pay too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty three that i will stand in iraq was a friend of the west. are still going on intelligence agencies and the invasion of iraq will spur. nuclear proliferation and terror. for good reasons these are the only deterrents that others. and the rest went through the united states when. you are spending as much and still restorable. for spending something only money isn't deterring.

the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it who is attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there is terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists and it would that not be rather like shooting most vetoes with cannot so i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decided that they let the

program expire we are still fighting the pollie war between britain and france because when i finally cornered. any senior british military man these days and asked why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's do with the fridge we cannot allow france to be the only european your club. and there is this fear that britain will become like is it if they're going to be free they will be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of next year we pins on the streets

sometimes i just want to carry on my list i've had enough in our and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be time and a five minute recess that i can do something when i what. now that's generation by going to out on the woods and things and writing says now that you caused a lot of people for i speak to a movie i feel about them percy sutton. they are also full of different names on. the sunday edition to consign this and i've got a shame about the type of longing because as much comes from lives or active projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i think exists so much among young people that it might be just as possible it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm here testament to water so i mean it's not

necessarily it's you've got to convince the public so you make all the parts right suddenly we're going to be. here we're going to be free but yeah i think we really do seem to have a trace and i think they mobilization that would occur would be huge and many said yeah i know it's going to work it is my way because it's kind of a feeling still be a kind of place. so there. but i also think that i'm going on people who lost that much interest in some places but not complacent and they're overwhelmed by all of us here isn't one of the maybe. we don't. need the sort of guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you can you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament world wide military expenditures had risen to more

than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear early ninety's. is probably. the largest and most effective nonviolent face move on in history and successful. in the united states was moving towards sharp increase in offensive nuclear capacity was and it was forced to back down and fight of the reagan administration was forced to go to the top to the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs of goods were to restore were astonishment and were not plentiful back into one of the richest planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two

there were one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true. or streets were going to be. significantly but the lesson there is very clear. over the country. the importance of nuclear proliferation is very much. aware of or concerned with what is surprised to discover a fifteen year old concern by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i just like to say that you and your speech is not necessarily the best way. to. make a. right to one side i actually found out that it was three different

people who really made it clear to me speakers. and concerts. and i watched this national were very last stage to have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist disarmament educator. let's just keep going is there a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to his three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used to hear him and all the sucky all the bombs in the bullets. that

represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalence firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this mad rush for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them out and to rely full security on non-nuclear means. and when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada crame kazakhstan south africa. these countries have said why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of original very far away from a nuclear weapon capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the

same we sometimes for for to work as a latent proliferation we put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to its part in all this we were third world good with our dedication to peacekeeping as your pursuit of gross domestic product has now dropped down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to . make progress because. it's a number of measures later it is a neutral lots it's like mafia they sign alters clearly canadian foreign policy of the baseball see military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are a trouble in terms of are historical commitment to peace and deserve them. everything

is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they sent a shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting the terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on. the bomb didn't we.