on a peaceful mission really search so quiet here living in a safe country i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the legacy of hump really that i think that we have given young people especially on our. twenty is it's we actually pass the rule and we want to young people to know about the war because any was only four when that law was passed. and the old hands of the if it's just and i swear this. and that's. what. i have. is. that they are. not the. same thing here that if all we're. listening to the stories of people like mum and peacemakers and israel and the work that they've done gives me hope and i think that old i've seen what ordinary citizens can do and make

a difference and i feel that i can contribute to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long crusade that made their country nuclear free and either confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there and actually protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model that they have that is on you and usually i think right around the world you notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran on a nuclear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem. but bombing the robot warrior what it did instead was it absolutely cemented it hope just. remember that the british and australian on aboriginal lamed

the fallout that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french entirely. the british preceded the french troops affair beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted nuclear bomb by the u.s.s.r. and i did with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. museum to speech and study. the results demonstrated the presence of elevated chromosomal disturbances of new zealand veterans in the fifty years ago so they're basically saying i have suffered any damage and we spoke recently as a national conference here on disarmament when the daughter of one of the trends spycatcher father was too old to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having a child bone food even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from her

father they experienced a new twist in the pacific. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with these. i was so it was normal until i got disco and sit on the mess around so it would appear. and most of the kids would say a mother is a take her nurse and then. tries to stop nuclear. because that's how i understood it. crane is an external command her now working at the disarmament security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in and she submarine helicopters i was required to train my

crew in using this new to depth bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it. helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't it and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it . it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence. i realized that. only later many years later of sam this was completely untrue. as a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends were our psychopaths and we were professional military men . who thought free deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear

weapon aspect was an aberration. and playing. he had a conscience to do something about these and i can imagine a guy around its merits. i just can't imagine and i see him such now so passionate about what he does that i just said nother rob well it's the ultimate cautionary tale but what they say is nothing like that. the always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which of what is being proposed the pentagon. will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but no through weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that

something might be going off by mistake specially with the thousands of nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert in the us and in russia in the united states there's rob i think it's eleven atomic bombs accidentally. we dropped four off of space and we have dropped one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states now still there are a number of the nuclear nucular weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with them that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. away and they say they're cutting back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons it's very given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok but i and that the only valid security system is the

total abolition of nuclear weapons in ninety six when we began the swell project idea there was this dream if you see i could clean it we've been sadly go in everywhere else in the world by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's a legal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we had done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic. but that we were both stood by the sense of how this could happen but the real sources of international treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world.

that quite categorical on the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike threat. you know to mislead. i threat only use of force by means of nuclear weapons and that he's going to lead to article two of the united nations charter and article fifty one is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're going to use it is contrary to international law or even to have in one's ass it is this rep and

because the purpose of the weapon is to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers our alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into the court but governments would ignore it and that's true they have done. and he of that he relied on all the time as he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and the to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terms is that if they try to claim

a level use nuns terrorist doesn't work where him and he would argue that terence does mean use of it is a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that's when you went to the will call the first time you for to get that threet you know and this isn't it it was the south pacific noise and the activists that i get to have threesome clued in their original question is if you have a degree threats then the. nuclear states could valued well we're only relying to terence which is threat and so we're not going to use so i waited for him in. return from here is it going to go back to the court house rules which are. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting ted that opinion on and. this is. what i understand that the law is and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous parts

of the opinion and i wanted to say teeny zone how can we might that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new leiva to put more pressure on them to quit stage to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world court says and the americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction of the species for the greater work and the signing signers states they agree to take good faith effort to

eliminate nuclear weapons none of them lived up to that and now of course we focus on well asians by others those who like policemen on the word scene and i'm talking of the nuclear powers they have violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now what if a policeman but it's the law you cannot expect the rest of the village to comply but the law of the only thing that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach that has followed these days is you know dividing the worry between friends called them god good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty s. babel sand in iraq was

a friend of the west. understood the intelligence agencies that the invasion of iraq would spur nuclear proliferation and terror. for good reasons these are the only means of deterrence to the other side. and nobody's going to turn to the united states where the us spends about as much as the rest of the world. are spending so the only way to turn a. nuclear weapons and turn. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom

is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it was attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used as against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting musk eaters with cannons i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if the decider that they let the program expire we are still fighting the polio war between britain and france because when i finally corner. any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do

with the russians it's to do with the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like resilient if they're going to be free there will be. of no consequence in the world . even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of next year we pinson three sometimes i just want i just i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be damn and if i am going to persist that i can do something i will. now karen's generation go out the woods and things pretty soon but now that you cause a lot of young people i speak to

a movie i go out there. and maybe also for different names on. it and some you mention someone who can sign it and i've got to shame. that belonging because yes which comes from that live sort of projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people that it might be just as. before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm interested when i watch or so i mean it's not necessarily it's you got to convince the public statements or the pope's words i knew we were going to be side you know we're going to be here and what i'm going to be really doing to our country and i think they mobilize action that would occur would be huge many said yeah like no one's turning you or anything like that because it's kind of the feeling is still there to kind of pace. it so there. but i also think that a lot of young people that aspect might be interested in some cases but not

complacent and that overwhelmed by all of us here is in london where the made them and what do you don't listen to the words the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament world wide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear early night was probably the most. the largest and most effective nonviolent peace movement in history and successful i'm one of the united states was moving towards sharp increase in offensive nuclear

capacities and it the government was forced to back down in fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs and that's where star wars comes from and we're not planning attack anyone or just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two their one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true is the peace movement lost its organization totally significantly but the lesson there is very clear a mass violent political movement can change rooms. and the

importance of nuclear proliferation is very much one. are even aware of or concerned with one is surprised to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that you and your speech is now serving part of my school. right here. and i like to play. right through it once i actually found out how bad it was on three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and research which shocked me and i watched it smash were very last stage to have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist disarmament educator producer your advisor on the list just keeps going this give a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of

a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves in the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to say three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on hiroshima and nagasaki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and to rely for security on non-nuclear moons. and when i say

a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries that's sad why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapon capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes for for to it as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third world good at our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product and now drop down to late we used to be

leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were the leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a member of nato and later is a neutral lots just like matthew that you've signed on to which clearly canadian foreign policy the best policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. every. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they said the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their

parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are. made upon being with. us.

in india oldies are made to believe the move to join the hotel rooms. the gateway hotel the grand imperial truly the torch was the. new kind of let's go to. see don't need to go publicly and run this in the kennel was

a photo retreat. over thirty countries including the u.s. have officially recognized that libya's rebels as the legitimate governing authority of the libyan contact group took the decision in turkey where it's a big meeting to discuss the future of the conflict torn country under nato attack . and debt saga continues as italy becomes yet another country embroiled in the european financial crisis while in the u.s. lawmakers are running out of time to deal with its mounting debt. the head of rupert murdoch's british operations and a former editor of the news of the world back up brooks has finally resigned over the phone hacking scandal engulfing murdoch's media empire there is a growing belief of the affair could mark the biggest shake up in the british media for decades during which murdoch enjoyed on rival power and political influence next peter lavelle and his guests discuss if the euro can be saved as another

bailout looms for greece that's our debate show cross talk right here on r.t. . and you can. see. hello and welcome to cross talk i'm peter lavelle a currency in crisis european finance ministers central bankers and politicians remain an odds on how to rescue the euro as pressure mounts for another greek bailout and investors worry about italy is the euro a dysfunctional currency and who will ultimately foot the bill.

came. across the eurozone crisis i'm joined by dennis gartman in virginia he is editor of the carbon letter in singapore out we go to jim rogers he's an author and financial commentator and in washington we go to sherry's ide raymond she's professor of international business finance and international affairs at the george washington university all right folks this is across time then you can jump in anytime you want there are different points of view here like to hear me and then it's if i go to you first i i ask the question now before we go to there you the facts of that are out of hand with the euro i posed the question is it a dysfunctional currency what do you think about that. i've always thought it was a dysfunctional currency i thought quite honestly that the only reason the only rationale for the euro to begin with was always to do something on the part of the northern european countries to tie the great german giants down with as many bureaucrats.