welcome back you're watching our t. here's a look at the top stories eight european banks have failed stressed out on whether they could cope with another credit crunch meanwhile italy's passed a massive cuts to deal with its burgeoning dad in the u.s. time's running out to increase the deficit ceiling. worker birds lose a slim chance on both sides of the atlantic as the screws tied in on a medium fire built on telling sleeves and targeting victims.

and balance of power shifts as the u.s. joins dozens of its allies in recognizing rebels already as the legitimate governing body also gives them access to billions of dollars of get out the essence of frozen by america. and you can always find more on our t.v. dot com stay with us. the follow from the french tests went beyond the polynesian islands it caused outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the n.t. nuclear movement and became a blank sheet among western countries yes unlike any other country new zealand refused to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here nuclear technology is banned it's the law. i think a lot of the young people do feel proud about new zealand speech a free post say that people have come complacent and feel as farm we're safe there of these other she said i mean

a lot of people to say the people in the peace movement was happy sent out of me gravy it's reserves and that's what peoples like. even in new zealand it's difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the ageing pacifist movement when i'm working at peace foundation in my role as the used outreach coordinator. and the race that they are going to tie he to the pacific you first of all and facing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remarked and that we were big we were compared to. some of these other pacific garden countries. i was brought up on a higher the peace activist mother she's been around during peace it took his flask

years so it's a my blood and i feel of sponsor for the city to continue where. i have this funny memory of mum buying a crane place stickers that you put on your windows of the rainbow warrior and the face of terrorism and now i harbor on a barge that was on a peaceful mission and really sort of show choir here living in a safe come. i think it's the younger generation teaching the next generation a legacy of home printing that i think that we have given young people especially on a policy because it's twenty is it's we actually passed the rule and we want a young people's now that little because any was only four when the law was passed . and the old time i could see it it's just and i swear there's. nothing in this case. i have. is. that they were. not. the first. thing they knew that if all

that. listening to the story is both people that mum and peacemakers and israel and in the way that they've done is me hard and i think that what i've seen what ordinary citizens can do right a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifist remind them of the long crusade it made their country nuclear free and under either confirm or deny it can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there in the proteas i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model here that is unusual i think right around the world. to notice it took another twelve years to get along with government and actually ran on a clear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the

french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem. pod. rumor warrior. was absolutely cemented in her. range and it's important to remember that the british and australia on average in a lame fall out that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french in turkey. the british preceded the french as a beginning in one thousand fifty two a test of their way into the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. united with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. museum to speech and study. the result stephen strasburg presents of televised comments on the observances new zealand veterans in the fifty years ago so that i said i have suffered. recently as

a national conference here on the sound. of one of the eclipse history trends spycatcher father was too old to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having i try on food even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from. this effect. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with them. i wish that was normal until i so i got to school and sit on the mess. so it would appear. and most of the kids would say i my mother's a take or ness and then i would say i and my mom tried to start nuclear. because that's how i understood. from

crying as an external command her now working at the disarmament security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in mt submarine helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this nuclear depth bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it that from a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't exit and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me because i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that. only later many years later of sam this was completely untrue. as

a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends when i psychopaths we were professional military men. who thought very deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. in their playing finger on the phone he had a conscience to do something about things that i can imagine in a go around it's it's good that his comments are and i see him so that now so passionate about what he does that it's just. signal to rob well it's the ultimate cautionary tale of a safe nothing like call that. always turns over there because you

really understand you know which is what scream proposed the pentagon and others will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake especially with the thousands of nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert in the us than in russia the united states does route i think it's eleven atomic bombs accidentally. we drop four off of spam we have brought up one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states and that one is still there a number of nuclear nuclear weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with on the right there's

a natural tendency to play both sides usually they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. being given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here right the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons and ninety six when we began to swell could project idea there was a string if you say i'm going to clean it weakens and we go in everywhere else in the world to fight going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be cleared illegal as we had done on our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm

realistic and. that that we were posted by the sense of how this could happen by the real sources or international law apart from treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world . that by categorical the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by a straight you know to mostly threat or use of force. may means of nuclear weapons and that he's going to read the article . all of the united nations charter and article fifty one is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear

weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're in here to and it is contrary to international law or even to have in bran's assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapon is to use it either as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. a well court opinion and whether the nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that. it was

a mistake to go into court but government sort of ignore it and that's true they have. and he of the relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terence is that if they try to claim the little usenet terrorist doesn't work where many would argue that terence does mean use of so it is a use of and you can reprint richly threaten to use them and that is when you are into the world court the first time you fought to keep it straight you know and that's the nic it was the south pacific noise and the activists that i did have threesome clued in the original question if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could go argued well we're only relying on terence which is threat and so we're not ready so i waited for him the. police chief and he is going to

give it to the court throws pressure. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tad bit opinion on. this based on. what i understand that the lewis and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion and i wanted to say ten years on how can we might get stronger how can we not what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the stage to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the workhorses and the americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's

going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destructions missions for a nuclear war and assigning sinar states i'm not really going to take good faith efforts to a limited nuclear weapons i'm not i'm with that and of course we focus in on going to lucian's voters those who are like policemen on the word scene and talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very law which they want other countries to observe now what if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the world you can play with a lot of the only things that would work would be one that is received to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach that is followed these

days is you know dividing the world between friends court and court good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't pay too much to remember that in the nineteen eighties that i will stand in iraq was a friend of the west. are still on intelligence agencies that the invasion of iraq will spur nuclear proliferation and her. for good reasons these i think we all need to turn to the intersect. and nobody's going through the united states we. spend about as much as the rest of the world. spending so the only way to simply turning. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s.

military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security who is attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting most skeeters with cannons i think the british will make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decide that they let the program expire we are still fighting the

holy war between britain and france because when i finally cornered. any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's due to the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like music that if they were a little free they would be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of news here we pins on the streets sometimes i just want to cry i just i've had enough in our and lose heart but at the same

time i think. something has to be time and a five minute recess that i can do something i well. i mean after it's generations i got out the fluids and things and he said now you know i don't know maybe you guys but none of the people i speak to a movie night go out there in person. and then you also force the names on how she's doing it on your engine you can sign this and i've got a shame but i think that belonging in the business which comes from sort of active proxies is gone and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people not it's not just trash that is but it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people are just dying and still you know there's a million people around and i'm here because i want to water so i mean it's not necessarily you go to convince the public statement or the pope's words and we're going to be right here we're going to be here and we're going to be really doing

try to trace and i think the mobilization that would accrue to he may said yeah like no one's doing what it is my work because it's kind of a feeling it's still the kind of place. to do it. but i also think a low young people would ask that might be interested in some of these issues that are complicit and. almost just here resentment but they made them and we don't listen to the guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of benchley you're going to blow everybody up you you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear

girly night yes probably. the largest and most effective. use of all that history and successful m m the united states was moving forwards sharp and creates an offensive nuclear capacity means that it was forced to back down and for the reagan administration was first took adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs so that's where the storm comes from and we're not planning to tack any more than just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measured the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred to the one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty

. the big difference of numbers true. the states were going through. turkey significantly but there were some there was very clear. on what political movement can change of. state the importance of nuclear proliferation is very much. aware or concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that. your speech is now serving the. people. like me. writes once i actually found out how bad it was. from different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and concerts.

and i watched it smart were very last stage to have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist disarmament educator producer your advisor on the let's just keep going is there a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves in the activist involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats into nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to sri megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used here is human psyche all the bones in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and

this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness rush toward seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is what those countries that have nuclear weapons find a way to give them up and reliable security non-nuclear means. well when i say a mad rush for over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested and about it being a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries had said why should there be left behind canada is interested in a small level of original very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment under less is the same. we sometimes for for to work as latent liberation you put in place all the

technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third world and our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product is now drop down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a number of measures later it is a nuclear alliance just like mafia they signed on for years clearly canadian foreign policy the best policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians were big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and deserve them. everything is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred

eighty eight countries committed to disarm they sent a shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are. made the bomb bay will.