five thirty pm here in moscow you with all it see a quick summary now over today's headlines eight out of nineteen european banks have failed stress tests based on a worst case economic scenario a majority of them were in spain vision be next in line for an international bell. rupert murdoch has made a public apology for fun talking by the news of the world he's a rapidly losing allies on both sides of the advances of his media empire complement old science. and the libyan rebels are now officially recognized by more

than thirty other countries including the u.s. the recognition intentionally hands the opposition access to billions of dollars of khadafi assets frozen in the. story those are the headlines here in the next two weeks put all the explosive dangers of the world's ever growing nuclear arsenal that's next right here on out. the follow up from the french tests went beyond the polynesian islands it caused outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the anti-nuclear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes unlike any other country new zealand refused to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here nuclear technology is banned it's the law. i think a lot of the young people do feel proud about new zealand this country frivolously that people would have come of complacent and feel but for as far and we're safer

there are these other issues here i mean a lot of people to say people in the peace movement has had be sent out of means gray beards resounds and that's what people say. even in new zealand it's difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the ageing pacifist movement when i'm working at the pace foundation in my role as the huge outreach coordinator . in the race and they are going to tell you see through the pacific you sophistical and facing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remarked and that we were big without compared to. some of the things i'll go search for god and country. i was brought up on a high or a peace activist mother she's been around during peace activist last starts in my

blood and i feel a responsibility to continue that work. i have a memory of mum buying a greenpeace sticker that you put on in wonder and it was of the rainbow warrior and the fit that terrorism couldn't have in our back on a part that was on a peaceful mission and really sort of surprised here living in a safe come. trace the time it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the legacy of hope really there's a saying that we have given young people. twenty years since we actually passed the go and we want to young people to know that the rochas any was only four when that rule was passed. and the old times i could see if it's this and i swear this is nothing and that's. what. i feel is. that things. like this this. thing here that

if all. this interest for is oath people like mum and peacemakers and israel and they've done gives me heart and i think that i've seen what ordinary citizens can do like a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness a pacifist remind them of the long crusade that made their country nuclear free and under neither confirm nor deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out and protest and it was something we've heard as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model that they have that isn't you unusual i think right around the world with little to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran all of the nuclear ticket and won. and then it was

consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem. but doubling the robot warrior and what it did instead was absolutely cemented her. just. remember that the british in australia on aboriginal lamed for that that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french into even. the british preceded the french in the pacific beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted form by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. and studied. the results demonstrated by christmas of elegance of connor's and observances. every fifty years ago so that i said i have suffered any damage and we spoke recently national conference here on the.

heart of one of the nuclear test veterans spycatcher father was too old to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having i try to fool me even when you see a man because of the effects of radiation from. experienced nuclear tests on the pacific. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with these. i wish the room was normal. so i until i got to school and sit on the net. so i would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm up as a teacher or now and then as i am and my mom trusts. because that's how i understand. proper

crane is an extent i have a command her now working at the salmon to security. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in mt submarine helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using the snooper depth bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it but from a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't exit and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me that i was ambitious and no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence. i realize that. only later many years later for some this was completely untrue. as

a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends when i psychopaths we were professional military men. who thought for a deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. a big. plus i thank god for he had a conscience to do something about it right i can't imagine a guy around it's happening. without us can imagine and i see him so that now so passionate about what he does that it's just. said mother rob well it's the ultimate cautionary tale of a safe nothing like call that. always turns over do it because you

really understand you know which is what spring proposed the pentagon and others will say oh don't worry we had better be a long well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake specially with thousands of nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert in the us than in russia the united states. i think it's eleven plan make bombs that way. we drop four off of spray we have drop one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states now still there are a number of. nuclear nuclear weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with on the that there's

a natural tendency to play both sides usually they say they're cutting back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons it's called. given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is ending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons and ninety six when we began to swell project idea there was this dream if you say i'm going to clean your reasons and legal then everyone else in the world could try going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's an illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be to cleave

illegal as we have done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic and. thought that we would all stood by the sense of heart that this could happen either real sources or international law apart from treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world. that by categorical the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by way of straight you know the most of. our threat or use of force. by means of nuclear weapons and that these contrary to article four of the united nations charter and fifty one. is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have

nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're in here to read it is contrary to international law even to have in brands assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapon is to use it either as a threat or as an actual weapon a nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether the nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said

that. it was a mistake to go into the courts but governments will ignore it and that's true they have. and the other thing he relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who wrote you can to terence is that if they try to emulate we use names terms doesn't work we're meant to would argue that terence doesn't use absolute is a use when you can we're going to actually threaten to use them and that's when you go into the will cause the first time you force get through it you know and that's the need it was the south pacific noise and the activists that i do to have threesome clued in their original question if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could well argued well we're only relying on terrorists which is threat and so we're not ready so i waited for any.

letter from years ago to go back to the court. but. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tell that opinion on and. it's based on. what i understand that the lewis and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion and i wanted to say to new zone how can we might get stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is that your understanding of it is i mean that they are looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the liquid states to comply and design completely not just to reduce new yes but nuclear weapons if it's reverse since the world court decision the americans particularly come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like

a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction of species for a nuclear war and assigning sinar states they agree to take a good faith effort from a limited nuclear weapons i'm not with that and now of course we focus on revolutions by others and those who are like policemen on the world scene and talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now where if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the world to comply with the law of the only thing that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one

approach terrorists all of these there's is you know dividing the world between friends court and god good countries and court and court bad or roll countries or evil doers that approach doesn't work it doesn't pay too much and remember that in the one nine hundred eighty three that i will stand in iraq was a friend of the west. because. we stood by intelligence agents and the invasion of america with. nuclear proliferation and her. for good reasons these are the. other side. nobody's going to target right states where the u.s. spends about as much and as the rest of the world. through spending so the only way to something. happens and for. the activists are understandably anxious as

a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make it easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to its nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security and who is attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there are terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists but it will that not be rather like shooting musk eaters with cannons i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decided that they let the program expire we are still fighting the

pollie war between britain and france because when i finally cornered. any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's to do with the fridge we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like resilient if they can if you free there will be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of next year we pinson three sometimes i just want to carry on i just i've had enough you know and lose heart but at the

same time i think. something has to be time and a fireman it was this that i can do something i what. now that's generations i got out of the woods and doing. that now and i don't know many you guys from the young people i speak to the movie i go out there in person. and i think they are also for different names on how she's doing this song your position if you can sign it and i want to shame. that belonging because yes which comes from that live sort of approach if you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people that it might just as possible just before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people are just dying and still you know there's a million people i don't know your customer into water and so i mean it's not necessarily it's you go to convince the public street or because certainly we're

going to be. here we're going to be here and what i think we really strange about a trace and i think the mobilization that would occur would be huge massive fear like no one's going anywhere immediate moment because it's kind of a feeling it's to be a kind of place. to there. but i also think that alone young people that are still might be interested in some of these issues that. are complex and overwhelmed by all of us here resentment but the made them and we see you doing this and you can see the guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you can you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event could those who come to the streets during the cold war. nuclear

early night raids problem. it was the largest and most effective not violent peace movement and history and successful. of the united states was moving towards shore and chris and i from sort of nuclear capacity as an it girl was forced to back down and for the reagan administration was first to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs or that's where the stormers comes from they were not planning an attack anyone were just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred to the one million marched and central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there

were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty. and the big difference in numbers true the smallest bits were going. to record significantly but there was something very clear. from ken change of. state the importance of nuclear proliferation and very much. aware or concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rough. even though. i just like to say that you and your speech is necessarily the best. it's. like three. minutes to one side actually found out how bad it was on three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and such.

and i watched it smash were very last stage to have a huge speaker all the way from new york. she is an asterisk disarmament educator but. let's just keep going please give a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves in the activist involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear test zones they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on here seem another sucky all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another

sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this mad rush for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and through life the security of non-nuclear means. but when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries that's sad why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes refer to it as latent proliferation we put in place all the

technologies to make nuclear weapons but few stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third world but that our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product has now dropped down to like. we used to get leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were the leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because it's a number of measures later it is a nuclear plants just like matthew that you signed on for which clearly canadian foreign policy the best policy military policy is going to change dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and to serve in the. everything is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred

eighty eight countries committed to disarm they said the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but in cuba treaties and international law are. made upon by.