he's afraid of the movie joyce he hotel rooms it's the home of the less secure way to go to the ground in theory should the torch was close coromandel you can go with such will close with your civility to go and. read this in the kennel was her job as a retreat. and broadcasting live direct from the heart of moscow this is r.t. i'm sean thomas let's take a look at the top headlines the debt crisis rages on both sides of the atlantic as eight european banks failed stress tests for their vulnerability and financial troubles tell american years it's a fourteen point three trillion dollar debt ceiling and. rupert murdoch has made a public apology for phone hacking by the news of the world he's rapidly losing allies on both sides of the atlantic with his media empire trying to stop itself from self-destruct. and preparation work is underway to lift

a russian cruiser from the bottom of the volga river the operation is aimed at shedding more light on why the fossil sank with the loss of around one hundred thirty lives. my colleague josh he'll be here in about thirty minutes time with a full look at your news but up next watch the second part of our special report about anti-nuclear activists who are trying to open the world's eyes to the dangers of atomic disaster. the follow up from the french test went beyond the polynesian islands it caused outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the anti-nuclear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes unlike any other country new zealand refused to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here nuclear technology is damned it's the law i think a lot of the young people do feel proud about this injury free policy but i think

people would have come a bit complacent and feel that as farm we're safe there are these other ships here i mean a lot of people don't say people in the place of manners have a certain out of games graveyards resounds and that's what people say. even in new zealand it's difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the ageing pacifist movement and i'm wishing peace foundation and my role is to use outreach coordinator. to the race and they are going to tell you see to be pacific youth festival and basing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remote and that we were big compared to. some of the things out that was such a garden country. i was brought up in a higher place it just mother she's been around during peace activist last usually

starts on my blog and i feel a response for the city to continue that way. i hope that's funny memory of mum buying a grain place stick of it put on it when the news of the rainbow warrior and the fake terrorism and now are in harbor on a part that was on a peaceful mission and really sort of show clients here living in a safe come. i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the legacy of hump really isn't that we have given young people actually six twenty is it's we actually passed the rule and we want to young people to now go out there or because any was only four when the law was passed. and the old time was about the effects of this and i was worried because that. and that's. what. i feel is. that they were. not the

first. thing they knew that it's all. just interest for is both people that mum and peacemakers and israel and in the week they've done cause me heart and i think that i've seen what ordinary citizens can do make a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness tacitus' remind them of the long who say that made their country nuclear free and under neither confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out and protest i mean it was something we did is only citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model the year that is unusual i think right around the world we live to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran on a bench

a nuclear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking but they would somehow stop this problem. but. the robot warrior i wanted was absolutely going to do hope. just. remember that the british and australia on aboriginal aimed for that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french and to heal. the british preceded the french in this affair beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way to the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. option study. the result stephen started the presence of elements of colonels and over servants and. so that i said i have

suffered damage and. recently national conference here on the way in the heart of one of the. spokane trafalgar was too old to speak and she talked about growing up but that fear of having my child gone for a moment even when you see under because of the effects of radiation from. some of the fact. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with this. i was so it was normal and so i got to school and it says on the net. so it would appear. so and also because i my mother's a teacher for now and then out so i am on my trust. because

that's how i understood. properly as an external command her now working at the disarmament security center . back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in mt submarine helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this new take up bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it. true a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't exit and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it if it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining i mean were told that this is the only way that britain could keep her independence but i realize

that. only later many years later of. this was completely true. as a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we are professional military men. who thought very deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. and they trying to figure. he had a conscience to do something about these and i can't imagine going around its happiest. moments and and i see him so now so passionate about what he does clearly it's just. said another rob well it's the ultimate cautionary tale of a safe nothing like comfort. there always tend to overdo it because you

really understand you know much of what spring proposed the pentagon others will say oh don't worry we have everyone on well trained we have plenty of safety systems there and not a accidental story of a nuclear war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake especially with thousands of nuclear weapons on had trigger alert and the u.s. and russia in the united states have dropped i think it's eleven apollo make bombs accidentally. we drop for author of spain we have dropped one nuclear weapon and on marsh here in the united states now still there was never a fog that we knew because the weapons are such

a huge issue with such high risks associated with on that there's a natural tendency to play both sides usually they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons if the given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here right the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons in ninety six when we began to swell project time there was this dream if you say i'm going to clean nuclear weapons and we go in everywhere else in the world by going to the world course we could be the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through to you in and enter think of

course and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we have done in our country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic and. that we were posted by the sense of how this could happen either real sources or international law apart from treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognised by the legal systems of the word. that quite categorical on the granting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by way of threat you know to mostly a threat or use of force. by means of nuclear weapons and that is point trade to article two of the united nations charter and article if you want. ease unlawful. nucular deterrence says we have

nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them. and our goal is to have them lead our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know we're here and yesterday it is contrary to international law even to have invented assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapons to use it either as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that

. it was a mistake to go into the course but governments would ignore it and that's true they have. and he of the relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem but the people who brought it into turds is that if they try to use and then turns doesn't work we're meant you would argue that terence does mean use is a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that is bring you into the will cause the first time you want to keep that threat here and this indeed it was the south pacific noirs and the activists that argued to have threesome clued in the original question if you have a clean threat then the. nuclear states kind of argued well we're only relying to terence which is threat and so we're not ready so i waited for him in.

return from here is going to go back to the court personnel speech and. at the time a judge agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting talbott opinion on. this based on. what i understand that they knew is another's wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion and i wanted to say to news on how can we might get stronger how can we and what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is that your understanding of it is i mean that they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the states to comply and design completely not just to reduce new yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world courses and the americans particularly come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear

weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destructions missions nuclear war assigning sinar states they agree to take a good fleet so different from a limited nuclear weapons i'm not i'm with that and of course we focus on regulations by which those who are like policemen on the word scene i'm talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now where if a policeman but it's the law you cannot expect the rest of the world to come play with the law of the only thing that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one

approach that has followed this is say as you know dividing the world between friends and court good countries i'm caught i'm caught bad or rogue countries or evil to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't pay too much and remember that in the one nine hundred eighty three babel sand in iraq was a friend of the west. pretty much to the intelligence agencies with the invasion of iraq would spur nuclear proliferation and terror. for good reasons and these are some to turn the other side. and nobody from the truth. you must spend about as much as the rest of the world for nothing spending in the only way you simple caring. for.

the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review and this classified u.s. military documents the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are planned sold a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it was a tightly united kingdom so we have got the very strange idea that because there is terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists and it will that not be rather like shooting musk eaters with cannons i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if the decider that they let the program expire we are still fighting the

poli war between britain and france because when i finally cornered. any senior british military man these days and i asked him why do you need your group they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's to the french we cannot allow france to be the only european you could pass. and there is this fear that britain will become my president if a little free there will be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this where it i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of nuclear weapons and three sometimes i just want to carry on

a list i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be done in a five minute because there's that i can do something i what. i mean our next generation go out on the woods and presents and there's now you know i don't know maybe you guys but none of these young people for. a movie night go out there. they are also full of different names of interest in it and some new conditions if you can sign it and i got a sham. i phone. impairs you as much comes from livestock active projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people that it might just as possible it's for the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people under no good restaurants or water so i mean it's not necessarily

you go to commits the public street or the pope said suddenly we're going to be. here we're giving you a free day here and what i think we really should ring try to trace and i think the mobilization that would occur would be here message here like no one's turning away anything because it's kind of feeling it's still be a kind of case. so yes. but i would suspect that a low young people that aspect might be interested in some of these issues that. comply and they're overwhelmed by all of us here is and one of the maybe when we don't listen to these other guys the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you can you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more

than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who came to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear early night. problem. the largest and most effective not about peace movement in history and successful m m the united states was moving towards sharp increase in offensive nuclear capacity was that it was forced back down in fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs and that's where the storms were obstructed from and we're not planning an attack anyone we're just but until eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two there were one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war

. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true. last roots organization totally significantly but the lessons there are very clear. but i want. i want. to state the importance of nuclear proliferation very much one of them. were even aware or concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that the view in your speech is now serving the. right people to. make a. right to one spouse he found out that it was. three different

people who really made that clear it means beakers. and research which chalky it and i watched its national we're very life stage you have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist for disarmament educator producer. let's just keeps going there's a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves in the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear tests and they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to sri megatons that includes two nuclear weapons used here sima not as saki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the

firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalence firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness rush for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and to rely full security on non-nuclear means. when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries have said why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of original very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same. we sometimes refer to it as latent proliferation we put in place all the

technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this. third world and our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product is now drop down to late. we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were the leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a member of nature and nature is a neutral lots just like matthew that you signed on to which clearly plane a foreign policy of the bush policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of our historical commitment to peace and to serve in the. everything is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred

eighty eight countries committed to disarm or face it is shining message that good will could prevail but so far the governments to suspend billions perfecting the terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. the future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without saying a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but in cuba treaties and international law are on make a bond between. can

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