a memory of buying a grain piece stick it that you put on your windows of the rainbow warrior and. terrorism and harbor on a pipe that was on a peaceful mission really sort of shocked my idea of living in a safe country but i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation a legacy of hope really that i think that we have given young people especially on our. twenty is it's we actually pass the rule and we want a young people to know about the law because any was only four when that law was passed. and the old hands of the if it's just and i swear this is. nothing and that's. what. i feel is. that they are. not this. thing that if all that. listening to the stories of people like mum and peacemakers and israel

and the work that they've done is make it hard and i think that of say more ordinary citizens can make a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long crusade that made their country nuclear free and either confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there and actually protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model there that is an unusual i think right around the world you notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran on a nuclear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem.

but doubling the rainbow warrior what it did instead was it absolutely cemented it hope. remember that the british and australia on aboriginal lamed the fallout that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french entirely. the british preceded the french in the pacific beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. united with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. museum to speech and study. the results demonstrated the presence of elevated disturbances of new zealand veterans in the fifty years ago so they're basically saying i have suffered any damage and we spoke recently as a national conference here on disarmament when the daughter of one of the nuclear test veterans spycatcher father was still to speak and she talked about growing up

with that fear of having a child prone to food and even uneasy and because of the effects of radiation from her father being exposed to nuclear tests in the pacific. and i'm lucky. i have three move children. and i don't live with the think that. i was so it was normal until i got disco and sit on the mitts and go around so i would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm up as a take for news and they. tried to stop nuclear. because that's how i understood that. crane is. now working at the disarmament security center.

back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in and he submarine helicopters i was required to train my crew in using this new cadets ball which we were given. if we ever had to release it true a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't it and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence. i realize that. only later many years later of sam this was completely untrue. as a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the.

peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we were professional military men. who thought for a deeply about what we did. but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. and trying to think. he had a conscience to do something about it and i can't imagine a guy around its merits. that just come in later and i see him so now so passionate about. what he does that it's just said nother rob well it is the ultimate cautionary tale but what they say is nothing like call of it. the always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which of what is being proposed the pentagon. will say oh don't worry we have everyone well

trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but no through weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake specially with thousands of nuclear weapons on head trigger alert in the us and in russia in the united states there's rob i think it's eleven atomic bombs accidentally. we dropped four off of spain we have dropped one a nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states now still there are a number of the nuclear nucular weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with them that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. they say they're cutting back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. given the number of near

misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons and ninety six when we began the swell project. there was this dream if you say i'm going to clean it we've been selling go in everywhere else in the world by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's an illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we have done in our own country and thank goodness that we would dream is and i'm realistic can say that that we were both stood by the sense of hope that

this could happen by the real sources of international treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognised by the legal systems of the world. that by categorical on the banning of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used by way of a strike threat you know the missus. i threat only use of force by means of nuclear weapons and that these contrary to article two of the united nations charter and article fifty one. is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we

are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're in here to argue it is contrary to international law or even to have in one's ass it is this rippon because the purpose of the weapons to use it either as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into the courts but governments would ignore it and that's true they have. and the other thing he relied on all the time was he said and of course

we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terms is that if they try to claim a level use nuns terrorist doesn't work we're meant he would argue that terence does mean use of it is a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that's when you into the will cause the first time you've fought to get that threet you know and this isn't it it was the south pacific no is and the activists that i get to have threesome clued in their original question is if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could valued well we're only relying to terence which is threat and so we're not going to use them so i waited for him to. return from here is it going to go back to the court process was present. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting ted that

opinion on and. this is. what i understand that the law is and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous parts of the opinion and i wanted to say to new zone how can we make that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new leiva to put more pressure on the equip states to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world court says and the americans particularly come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the

parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction species for the greater work and the signing signers states they agreed to take good faith effort to eliminate nuclear weapons none of them lived up to that and now of course we focus on regulations by others those who like policemen on the word scene i'm talking of the nuclear power as they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now what if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the village to comply but the law of the only system that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach dentists followed these days is you know dividing the worry between friends court and court good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries

or evil to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty s. daboll sand in iraq was a friend of the west. understood the intelligence agencies that the invasion of iraq would spur nuclear proliferation and terror. for good reasons these are the only means of deterrent on the other side. and nobody's going to turn to the united states where the us spends about as much as the rest of the world. are spending so the only way to turn. for weapons and turn. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled

a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it was attacking the united kingdom so i have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting musk eaters with camels i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if the decider that they let the program expire we are still fighting the polio like war between britain and france because when i finally cornered.

any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's to do with the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like president if they're going to be free they will be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean the discussion that we were having talking about the reality of needs here we pins on the streets sometimes i just want to i just i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be time and if i haven't a position that i can do something i what. now currents generation they go out the

woods and things pretty soon but now that you cause a lot of young people i speak to a movie i go out there. and maybe also for different names all countries did that it was so musicians who can sign it and i got ashamed. that belonging because yes which comes from that live sort of projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people not a lot it just. before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around you and i'm sure just went to war so i mean it's not necessarily it's you've got to convince the public statement or the pope's words i knew we were going to be side here we're going to be here and when i think we really do seem to have a trace and i think they mobilize action that would occur would be huge many said

yeah like no one's talking about anything like that because it's kind of the feeling is still there the kind of pace. so there. but i also think that a lot of young people that aspect might be interested in some ways but not complacent and that overwhelmed by all of this terrorism and all the maybe. what do you do it isn't going to be hard the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of benchley you're going to blow everybody up you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament world wide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear growing nineteen. it's probably the most. the largest and most effective

nonviolent peace movement in history and successful a man of the united states was moving towards sharp increase in offensive nuclear capacities and it the government was forced to back down in fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs that's where star wars comes from and we're not planning to tack anyone or just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two their one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the month of aeration treaty well the big difference in numbers true is the peace movement lost its we're going to. talk

significantly but the lesson there is very clear a mass violent political movement can change rooms. and the importance of nuclear proliferation they very much. aware of or concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concern by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i just like to say that you and your speech is now serving part of my school. and i like to play. right through it once i actually found out how bad it was on three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and the search which. i watched it's national were very large states to have

a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist nuclear disarmament educator producer your advisor on the list just keeps going this give a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to say three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on hiroshima and nagasaki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness rush for

seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and to rely for security non-nuclear means. and when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries sense that why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapon capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes refer to it as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third world

and our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product is now dropped down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a member of nature and nature is a neutral lots just like matthew that you've signed on to which clearly canadian foreign policy the best policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. every. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament when one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they sent the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions

perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on may the bond be with.

in india oh geez availability in the movie the joint the hotel rooms

a movie that's a great way to go to the grand imperial truly the george weston. you can a letter to. see don't need to go publicly and read this and the colonel was hoto as a treat. today's news and the week's top stories from our t.v. recovery crews start the somber task of lifting the ship that rapidly went down in the volga river last sunday taking nearly one hundred thirty lives. the operation to raise the sunken bowl gary has begun hopefully providing arms to the grieving relatives and investigators will bring you all the details from the recovery site in just a moment. the tycoon publicly. to save his stricken empire as loyal allies leave and the police close in on both sides of the atlantic. losing battles but winning the war libyan rebels earn foreign

magnesia net access to gadhafi yes it's but their fire struggle to get to grips on the ground. plus the west and the wallet as america and the eurozone race to save their collapsing economies in the face of soaring debt and wanting credit scores. this is our team going to live from moscow i am here i'm marina joshua can do the program within the next few hours the operation will begin to lift the cruiser which sank last sunday in the volga river it's still unclear why the boat went down quickly dragging half of those on board to their deaths are reports. a mountain of cuddly toys never to be played with they the flowers and candles are

testament to the children among those who drowned in the pleasure boat the ball carrier sank in the volga last sunday. we studied together for a year she never had arguments with anyone she was a very kind girl and was always ready to help. the ship sank in just three minutes turning a summer afternoon on the river into a scene of horror even focused is that people were basically buried alive in an giant metal coffin we managed to get out through the windows i was there with my ten year old daughter i couldn't rescue her she swallowed too much water when i was pulled out i realized my child was gone in the chaos to escape many other families were also torn apart one five year old boy lost his mother and grandmother and was only kept afloat by a man who grabbed his hand another man a neighbor.