made some of the first strides in constructing the incandescent lamps in the eight hundred seventy s. . filaments. inventor thomas edison introduced improved extended relatively short life of electric bulbs. then to over one thousand hours early twentieth century the tungsten filament light bulbs still in use today were already emerging. at the end of the one nine hundred fifty s. and high pressure sodium street lighting in the sixty's compact fluorescent stores . were pioneered in the seventy's and are still a popular option as we move towards energy efficiency. diodes may be seen in the ninety's with improvements in technology since then showing incredible flexibility and efficiency quite possibly making. the future. future that brought out the big shots the octagon factory opening. clearly understood the positive impact of having the company on and she was joined by dignitaries and

investors from moscow and beyond it's a project that state high tech corporation is happy to throw its weight behind. in the field. in fact. all of this physical technical institute it's been a world class center for fundamental physics and cutting edge technology since the days of its founder. would soon train the ranks of the top nuclear scientists also begin work on semiconductors that underpins virtually modern electronics. one of the institutes in the field of semiconductor physics.

twenty. nine hundred sixty is. based on a three. hundred sixty. is the next generation know how to students and what we see here demonstrates how fast changing. and also in terms of the top rate equipment here. students in the same. class and while the op electronics department gave them the foundations they were completing their studies at

a time of difficult transition for the scientific community. at the beginning of. our economy facing a dramatic. i mean the way kerry. found itself in a difficult situation we could not have survived maintained scientific potential international collaboration. innovative entrepreneurs seeking the elusive startup conditions in an era. in fact much of the developed world was suffering an economic identity crisis in the late twentieth century. just in the collapsing socialist. german city of where the russian innovators eventually found was no exception. and the constant shift. so the global economy the challenge on everyone's minds is

to rethink and rebuild these spaces to compete in the high tech twenty first century. challenges with particularly in a city. complex and largest economy these pictures are from the final days of phoenix west a massive plant operated by. along with other heavy industry installations. long before the mill was shuttered for good in one thousand nine hundred eight the economic. crisis. take a decision to do for the future. there

is a decision you can see here so. by the way a. new facility. passed. in april two thousand and five. technology. companies trying to take technology. from the city state in european union now hosting around twenty companies with over one hundred employees including many from russia so what you see you're. busy.

global markets opus leaders get in between don't want this to teams find the perfect infrastructure in order to do the conversion of that technology into products where is the money to come from well basically it needs investors right but you know to get them this infrastructure in a high tech startup team to make a predictable conversion you have a clear timeframe of two the three years in technology to products and prepare the company in order to approach global markets that's exactly the kind of preparation . and his classmates turned business partners and up to gone were looking for when they came to dortmund and to help them take top quality optoelectronics technology into the market. originally was founded by. two my friends and classmates from university and myself and. meyer who joined us and he helped to move

here to. this. company. and through developed the main principles and basically. created the elegant today we have between ten companies. so what exactly was it that opera guy needed to get their business off the ground ensure equipment diodes don't grow on trees they grow in every taxi all reactors are able to rent top quality equipment in affordable rates and the m.s.t. factory in the after gun team said about generating the top quality samples that made them an attractive investment to set up a full scale production here's how it's done production starts with a thin model crystal lean sapphire wafer in a process known as. placed inside a special chamber the wafer is bombarded with various gases to form a multi-layered structure under specific. pressure and temperature conditions the

gases cause chemical reactions leaving layers of gallium nitride indium nitride and aluminum nitride on the way for surface each wafer will produce up to thousands of billy d's so a laser edging process cards out the individual chips contacts are then affixed to each one of the tiny l.e.d. chips are now ready to be placed inside the casement connected with gold wire the contacts and covered with a foster layer to convert blue to white light negative than positive charge currents meet in the active layer of the diode releasing photons in the form of visible light. technology while the energy efficiency. recovering the innovation technologies. and we've talked to several groups several financial groups and on the group. much faster than others they realize the potential of the company bought it now

main expertise. and insight at least. we found a way that we can grow material with the least dislike and defects to even. mean that we can build chips with a more cost efficient technology delivering the same level of performance we are in a transition phase for pilots. who have been in. trying. to gun is now busy calibrating their production lines in st petersburg to perfectly recreate the recipe day nailed down and it's a tedious process even on the prototype scale and now the expectations are. comes out of these machines is going not to showcase for potential investors but to meet the lighting needs of clients. to plan what advantages can there. for an equivalent amount of light up to gun projects it's. nearly ten fold and incandescents by fifty

times meanwhile they will cut in half the energy usage of most c.f.l. and usefully ten times less electricity than an old school bulbs mercury pollution is a potentially serious problem with energy saving c.f.l. . avoid that toxic threat. completely. environmentally safe in russia from next year from. four hundred. other people. but in russia there is no such high penetration. so we see that in terms of the market size. it's bigger to. expect russian market to grow. we see the growth of the market for. a hundred percent a year and. doesn't have to look. as the city of st

petersburg is undergoing an l.e.d. overhaul. company is in charge of maintaining some one hundred eighty thousand lighting elements around the city that's a huge market for the new. currently power consumption total several megawatts. of a major production plant that will produce and hopefully lights to. initially we intend to use to eliminate the city's. construction plan in the pipeline with new streets to be designed and built in two thousand and twelve twenty thirteen. so after we've done the pox we'll extend the replacement program to residential districts and then move on to revamp the lighting for major transport in the city as well as the embankments and. beyond their hometown object to the far away russian republic of straddling the arctic

circle in icy northern siberia energy efficiency is more than a slogan they're producing electricity in much of the region is expensive and heavily subsidized need new technology built to withstand their long brutal winter . what if you. work in temperature conditions like we have a lot of parts of russia. cold country. this is a prototype here what's different about it i can't tell with the naked eye but tell me a little bit about the technology i would say that right now you can buy. those

. definitely a big competitive game since other companies. already been on the market for years to show the ability to meet customer specific demand. ever lower costs. for.

kind of mass consumer base. even if you think. you might. driving down the cost of chip production somebody needs to tackle the issue of design. creative minds that studios are already on the case. is constantly coming up with new ways to merge. with the fashion. behind the futuristic prototype. screw in. was the main challenge that you guys had to overcome in making these lamps obviously edited knowledge is quite advanced now but they still go to some issues to solve the biggest one ease the problem of couldn't don't because it's pretty use the laws of heat so we have to design the very good. read

into is that what this thing is right here yeah it's like. the theme we just came out for the market maybe three years ago and it's just a standard solution but we like to change it and make it more effective and we got inspired by nature because if you look at some of the it stuff like mushrooms for example that apes there they just like cause a new wave in up and go and own scent and we create the same the same similar stuff here and that will help us to extend capacity and space around and. to make that cooling process more effective from a purely design perspective from an artistic perspective do you like working with bulbs that need a radiator this clunky like when i look at this i see mostly radiator very little ball and you don't get light maybe as much coming down this direction are you looking at ways to completely redo l.e.d. lighting so that you don't have to have such a bulky radiator industry itself is very rapidly changing day by day i think maybe

even up to one year we'll have another design beef up sort of the different look so what then is the future of this kind of designing a look like are you mentioned at the deed silva get in small and small and for example they came a bit closer which is called slight engine and physically it's very very tiny and sleek and thin adamant and they implemented in that but not you know the come and the you could wait any shape whatever you want really looking forward to some of the designs may seem a bit frivolous it first glimpse but we're talking about a far more flexible lighting future where we can. to traditional shapes in the name of variety. to just about anything and replace old school single function buttons with tiny. multiplying devices possibilities. and the. russian billionaire. is literally hoping to reinvent the wheel.

sometime in two thousand and twelve. with all the latest gadgets for the. next in group. in the new car company so it's no wonder he understood the advantages of that product from st peter's middle which is the first of the use of light to me. and secondly no less important. basically. to simplify the. precision features. has company here as the world's leading luxury sports car makers head seen the light about in recent years as well as the bang for the buck you can expect to encounter more l.e.d.s. on the road. as you can see technology is finding applications everywhere these

days even living room but it's just the tip of the iceberg. there are more innovations on the way from the same team of st petersburg scientists. from. offices of the russian company. their classmates and. industry in an even deeper into their scientific work on semiconductor physics they've assembled an international team to become one of the world's leaders in laser diode technology. to complete production cycle beginning here with molecular. and. finishing with a range of packaged products. laser chips and fiber laser modules for use in industrial in communications technology. research is from the physical technical university where we worked in the

laboratory of the. private company here in germany we managed to secure a significant. company other implications produces millions of chips for the medical. research to create a unique chip to be used in the industry of optical computer interconnections. she's a different place now. the. project. was a proposal to set up production facilities. chips using. something unique. to take. his company's among the global elite quantum dots or confine semiconductor crystals

. discovered in the one nine hundred eighty s. physicist. quantum dots are great advantages in laser applications. for more amplitude and. relative noise. benefits. company's latest invention. make a chip that will transmit many channels through its. one hundred gigabits. you see everywhere today just a few. hundred

. think of the. data coming out of your computer. today the options are basically. waiting in traffic with the data. to the same highway sending information on the same fiber using several different. kind of breakthrough we're talking about. computer. one hundred. the world.

expects. future. technologies to develop. to competitive firms with cutting edge projects. and possibly. successful innovative business abroad. over the world from the famous silicon valley to taiwan in southeast asia. to build this kind of center in russia resoundingly. right now that's part of the skolkovo project an international city of science and technology over the next decade in all directions from this spot just outside of moscow so the next time

technology update brings you a high tech success story it might just be born and raised right here in enjoy the ride. that. he's going to cover. to take scientific groups. to give them kind of conditions like. what we discussed with you when we were there. in order to develop. a prototype. and this has to be done in russia immediately otherwise we would never you know breach between science and manufacturing would be because between science and. there is a huge gap there is a prototype development and i myself am a scientist very they don't understand how much.

twenty years ago the largest country in. two places of the. us had been itching. to teach began a journey. where did it take the. last time the close of team was in the cool gum region where men flock from all over the world to out a few centimeters to their self-confidence. this time r.t. goes to the amore reaches. for the gold rush still gets people hyped up. for an ancient tribe fights to save its culture. where cranes are protected in the first and only unofficial nature reserve. to be amore egypt. russia close

up on the r.t. .

in india in the movie joint people to. go to

the grand imperial truly. don't need to go and. read this in the kennel was a hotel retreat. america's biggest creditor china lashes out at washington for putting the global economy at risk by not reaching agreement to keep its debt in check. eurozone. as the cost of dealing with the currency crisis undermines the promise of prosperity. poland prepares to present its own perspective on what caused the present to crash in western russia the. russian scientists claims keeping a close science sun could help predict natural disasters around.

their world news twenty four hours a day you're watching out. the country which holds more u.s. debt than any other the failure of congress to reach a deal over its debt ceiling china says the political deadlock in washington threatens the entire global economy so far republicans and democrats have to date of. the country as they haven't agreed on rival budgets to choose day to avoid a potentially devastating default earlier in the week u.s. secretary of state hillary clinton was in beijing to reassure asian leaders. not to pull back on its debt payments but peter schiff from the investment company doing something capital thinks china could well dump the dollar as its main reserve

currency. we can't afford bad relations with china see beijing holds the cards you know we're dancing to the tune that they play the real problem for china is that there's no way that america can pay back the money that the chinese have already loaned us politically is just not going to happen is specially when interest rates rise i'm surprised and taken the chinese so long to figure out that they've been throwing a lot of good money after bad i don't think we're going to default i think we're going to inflate which is just as bad but you know we're going to raise the debt ceiling the problem is the debt not the ceiling the ceiling maybe is a solution but unfortunately it's going to be raised ultimately the chinese are going to impose their own ceiling on our debt which is going to be a lending ceiling because we're telling the chinese right now that we're running a giant ponzi scheme what we're telling them is that if we can't borrow more money we're not going to pay back the money we've already borrowed which means in countries like china decided they don't want to lend us that.