but at headlines point out. america's biggest creditor china russia is out of washington putting the noble economy at risk by not reaching agreement to keep its debts in check. both the polish crew and traffic controllers in smolensk responsible the late president plane crash in western russia that's according to investigation report at least one more so we can to the cause of last instance of.

libyan rebels mourn their commander gunned down the hours off to his family's and edged ties to the south is regime called into question. the nato promise is extra troops for the border between serbia and kosovo violent outbreaks over controversial exports. start to tell into the world of scientific research and breakthroughs with the latest edition of technology update. hello and welcome to technology update are you tired of paying those overblown electric bills at the end of each month this could be the answer you've been waiting for a lot of the energy and with it a lot of the harder and cash gets burned out by crummy old incandescent light bulbs

but what if i could get you a lot more light and waste way less wattage in the process and up and coming russian companies just open a huge new production facility to help make that energy efficient dream a reality. doesn't need my sleazy sales fish the high tech brainchild of a trio of russian scientists was born abroad and is now returned to russia to cover it in on a shiny new factory at the outskirts of st petersburg aside from being a happy homecoming the assembly line launches a big step in russia's attempts to modernize its economy to go green at the same time. the capacity traction throughput is the highest in the business today in russia countries and in eastern europe we can produce today through. the month. it's the. earth. l.e.d.s.

good latest in a long line russians alexander the beginning. made some of the first strides in constructing the incandescent lamps in the eighteenth seventy s using carbon filaments renowned american inventor thomas edison introduced improved filaments and extended a relatively short life of electric bulbs first to forty then to over one thousand hours by the early twentieth century and tungsten filament light bulbs still in use today were already emerging in lamps appeared in the thirty's lamps at the end of the one nine hundred fifty s. and high pressure sodium street lighting in the sixty's compact fluorescents or c.f.l. were pioneered in the seventy's and are still a popular option as we move towards energy efficiency gallium nitride light emitting diodes may be seen in the ninety's with improvements in technology since then showing incredible flexibility and efficiency quite possibly making l.e.d. the light of the future. it was that break you trade it brought out the big shots

the octagon factory opening the governor of st petersburg clearly understood the positive impact of having the company on her turf and she was joined by top level dignitaries and investors from moscow and beyond it's a project that state high tech corporation is happy to throw its weight behind. this is one hundred percent. from the ground up on the fundamental level we can thank for his scientific contribution he won the nobel prize for his research in the field of hatred structures which is the basis of the light emitting diodes being produced here. in fact there is one st petersburg academy at the root of all of this the yogi physical technical institute it's been a world class center for fundamental physics in cutting edge technology since the days of its founder of. not only did he and the faculty at the leningrad would soon . there is name train the ranks of the soviet union stop nuclear scientists they also begin work on semiconductors that underpins virtually all modern electronics.

was one of the institute's bright stars in the field of semiconductor physics and a forefather of today's elite piece. conduct along to meeting diets were developed as early as the one nine hundred twenty s. russian scientists. experimented with silicon called by. the end of the night in sixty's we saw the appearance of mold d.s. based on a three d. find semiconductor hit restrictions that was in late one nine hundred sixty s. and early one nine hundred seventy s. it was acknowledging implemented of these facilities is the next generation know how to develop students and what we see here demonstrates how fast this area is changing both in scientific and technological terms and also in terms of its operating equipment operating here. on top managers maxime know beautifully grow phenolics a coach for all of you out of students in the same mid ninety's graduate class and

while the op electronics department go for instance you gave them the best of foundations they were completing their studies at a time of difficult transition for the russian scientific community. at the beginning of the nineteen nineties our economy faced a dramatic oaky evil due to disastrous reforms implemented by the government i mean there were carried out in a callous way and as a result russian science found itself in a difficult situation we could not have survived who maintained our scientific potential with international collaboration. to guns founders were part of a global generation of innovative entrepreneurs seeking elusive start of conditions in an era of uncertainty in fact much of the developed world was suffering an economic identity crisis in the late twentieth century. not just in the collapsing socialist bloc the west german city of dortmund where the russian innovators

eventually founder incubate was no exception. the world is full of rusting old industrial space fallen by the wayside in a constant shift of the global economy the challenge on everyone's minds is to rethink and rebuild these spaces to compete in the high tech twenty first century. these challenges were particularly acute endured more of a city at the heart of the once mighty mill logical complex in europe's largest economy these pictures are from the final days of phoenix west a massive plant operated by the steel giant crude that along with other heavy industry installations was the lifeblood of the city's well established working class long before the mill was shuttered for good in one thousand nine hundred eight the economic outlook endured was darkening. as. people suffered from a crisis a lot of working places. they had to take a decision here what to do for the future what to do next what comes off the street

. and decided to focus on high technology and it's not that was the decision and the result of this decision you can see here so. which is one of the. by the way as. companies. would see inside is an impressive new facility a far cry from the dreary dortmund of years past the doors opened in april two thousand and five and the factory is set up as a competent center for micro and nanotechnology startups with offices laboratory and clean room infrastructure for small companies trying to take technology from ideas to products the facility combines funding from the city state and european union now hosting around twenty companies with over one hundred employees. including many from russia so really what you see here in the by word is a music video essence of eight years of experience all rick perry did with the

russian friends russia my disciples. you go the route in technology that needs to have access to global markets opus leaders say get in between in the moment this rush might get teams find the perfect infrastructure in order to do the conversion of their technology into products where is the money to make a reality come from well basically it needs investors right but you know to get them this infrastructure in a high tech startup team to make a predictable conversion you have a clear timeframe of the few years in order to convert technology to products and prepare the company in order to approach global markets that's exactly the kind of preparation aleksey cowshed and his classmates turned business partners adopted on were looking for when they came to dortmund into baiter to help them take tough quality off electronic technology to the market. over the gun a region that was founded by. two my friends and classmates from university and

myself and later on barrack meyer who joined us and he helped to move for plug on here to the marketplace the solutions she would consult and aid the company from a new creation was he in dorking and through this time to develop the main principles and basically key to the final product we created the l e t the day we are between ten top companies on the level of performance so what exactly was it that opera guy needed to get there early in the business off the ground ensure equipment light emitting diodes don't grow on trees to grow in every taxi or reactors are able to read top quality equipment in affordable rates and the m.s.t. factory in the octagon team would set about generating a top quality sample that made them an attractive investment to set up a full scale production here's how it's done. l.e.d. production starts with a thin mana crystalline sapphire wafer in a process known as epitaphs the old growth placed inside

a special chamber the wafer is bombarded with various gases to form a multi-layered structure under specific pressure and temperature conditions the gases cause chemical reactions leaving layers of gallium nitride indium nitride and aluminum nitride on the way for surface each wafer will produce up to thousands of l.e.d.s. so a laser edging process cards out the individual chips contacts are then effaced each one of the tiny l.e.d. chips are now ready to be placed inside the casement connected with gold wire the contacts and covered with a foster layer to convert blue to white light and negative him causative charge currents meet in the active player of the diode releasing photons in the form of visible light. technology while the energy efficiency of both like really. recovering the innovation technologies and we look to russia and we talked to several groups of friends several financial groups and on that same group michael

crawford they will like much faster than others and they realize the potential of the company and they simply bought it now may expertise and marine corps. and east insight lisa protection lives with phones the way that we can grow material with a least this fly cations and defects compared to even world leaders meaning that we can build chips with a more cost efficient technology delivering the same level of performance we are in a transition phase from pilot going to sector and who have here in germany. one of the natural evolution today in russia octagon is now busy calibrating their for judging lines in st petersburg to perfectly recreate the recipe day nailed down in dortmund it's a tedious process even on the prototype scale and now the expectations are far higher comes out of these machines is going not to showcase for potential investors

but to meet the lighting needs of clients so if all goes to plan what advantages can their l.e.d.s. offer for an equivalent amount of light octagon projects it's l.e.d.s. last see if l's nearly ten fold in incandescents by fifty times meanwhile the l.e.d.s. will cut in half the energy usage of most c.f.l. zx and usefully ten times less like tricity then old school bulbs mercury pollution is a potentially serious problem with energy saving c.f.l. well l.e.d.s. avoid that toxic threat elegies completely. environmentally safe in russia from next year from january first we have a band four hundred watt incandescent bulbs like other people in this world europe . but in russia there is no such high penetration of those so we see that in terms of the market size. direct replacement of incandescent bulbs too early to it's bigger compared to europe so that's why in this sense we expect russian market to

grow even faster and we think we see the growth of the market for three straight like in russia from seventy to one hundred percent a year and we expect this tendency to continue. to go and doesn't have to look too far for customers is the city of st petersburg is undergoing an l.e.d. overhaul. our company is in charge of maintaining some one hundred eighty thousand lighting elements around the city that's a huge market for the new l.a. dane's currently power consumption total several megawatts the opening of a major production plant that will produce and hopefully lights too will be a boost for some pages the you know initially we intend to use these to eliminate the city's gardens and pocks there's also an ambitious municipal construction plan in the pipeline with new streets to be designed and built in two thousand and twelve twenty thirteen. so after we've done the pox we'll extend the replacement program to residential districts and then move on to revamp the lighting for major

transport arteries in the city as well as the embankments and other case sites beyond their hometown object on his branching out to the far away russian republic of straddling the arctic circle in icy northern siberia energy efficiency is more than a slogan they're producing electricity and much of the region is expensive and heavily subsidized they also need new technology built to withstand their long brutal winter. what have you guys done to make l.e.d.s. still work in temperature conditions like we have a lot of parts of russia it was one of the challenges visionary was when he came to this market and became vertically integrated. he just understood russia is a very cold country and nowhere. there is a standard that you need minus sixty degree. to use of your devices so you know. it develop a lot of special electronics cost effective for the client. and this

is a prototype here what's different about it i can't tell with the naked eye but tell me a little bit about the technology i would say that right now you can buy mine a sixty degree miniseries about the extremely expensive so it's not. on the market what. those high end products morcombe or your new company ends. so why the it's opening new device design is definitely a big part of the heavily competitive game since other companies outside of russia have already been on the market for years octagon has to show the ability to meet customer specific demands like the temperature standards and it's all about better lighting solutions ever lower costs definitely it's like more economical light you pay less after you get your period today it's still quite high from two to five six years. but in four years look like.

and it means that the. population are now that kind of mass scale consumer base is a bit beyond our grasp even if you think this land for street industrial lighting would be great for your garage you might balk when you saw the three hundred dollars price tag so well octagon works on driving down the cost of chip production somebody needs to tackle the issue of whole design before i'm sold on switching over to. the fortunately the creative minds that are going to have studios are already on the case moscow's hip is designed squad is constantly coming up with new ways to merge high tech function with the fashionable for their blueprints or behind a futuristic prototype octagon screw in l e d. y. it was the mean challenge that you guys had to overcome in making these lines obviously energy technology is quite advanced now but it's still got some issues to

solve the biggest one ease the problem of couldn't own because it's pretty use a lot of heat so we have to design a very good. read into is that what this thing is really here yeah it's like. the theme which just came out for the market maybe three years ago asia's the standard solution but we like to change it and make it more effective and we got inspired by nature because if you look at some great stuff like mushrooms for example that apes there they just laid cause a new wave in up and go in and we created the same the same similar stuff here and help to extend their capacity and space and. to make the cooling process more effective from a purely design perspective from an artistic perspective do you like working with bob's they need a radiator this clunky like when i look at this i see mostly radiator very little

gold and you don't get light maybe as much coming down this direction are you looking at ways to completely redo l.e.d. lighting so that you don't have to have such a bulky radiator industry itself is very rapidly changing day by day i think maybe even after one year we will have another design different look so what then is the future of this kind of designing the look like you mentioned. self getting smaller and smaller and for example they can technology which is called flight engine and physically it's a very very tiny ensley can be an element and they implemented in that but not you know the common you could trade any shape whatever you want really looking for but some of the designs may seem a bit frivolous a first glimpse but we're talking about a far more flexible lighting future where we can. ditch traditional shapes in the name of variety and a bit of color to just about anything and replace old school single function buttons with tiny l.e.d.

screens multiplying the devices possibilities another reader for l.e.d.s. allocation is in the automobile lighting and the your mobile hybrid by russian billionaire this month is literally hoping to reinvent the wheel set for full scale production sometime in two thousand and twelve the economy cars are trimmed with all the latest gadgets for the urban commuter could have said nixon who packs both octagon into a new car company so it's no wonder he understood the advantages of that product from st peter's little which is the first of all the use of lights in the. help system pad consumption traditional labs and secondly no less important the standard lifespan basically running as long as you can. also the use of l e d's allowed us to simplify because optics lowering costs by saving in high precision features. to move the o. has company here as the world's leading luxury sports car makers head see the light

about lamps in recent years as well as the bang for the buck gets better you can expect to encounter more l.e.d.s. on the road. as you can see l.e.d. technology is finding applications everywhere these days even up your own living room but it's just the tip of the op electronics iceberg back in the dorm an incubator there are more innovations on the way from the same team of st petersburg scientists upstairs from octagons launching pad m.s.t. factory i don't offices of the russian companies you know while their classmates and former colleagues find their niche in the well known l.e.d. industry in a human being even deeper into their scientific work on semiconductor physics they've assembled an international team to become one of the world's leaders in laser diode technology in jordan they've set up a complete production cycle beginning here with molecular beam and protect c n. finishing with a range of packaged products their output includes laser chips and fiber coupled laser modules for use in industrial medical and communications technology. in two

thousand and three a team of eight young researches from the physical technical university where we worked in the laboratory of the nobel laureates to wrestle fear of go to a unique opportunity to set up a private company here in germany we managed to secure significant funds from investors and set up this semiconductor factory now we are a successful company which among other applications produces millions of chips for the medical sector chips that help save lives but also our enterprise has some ongoing research to create a unique chip to be used in the industry of optical computer interconnections. certainly russia is a different place now with the establishment of the roost on a corporation. submitted a project to roost with a proposal to set up production facilities back. to the factory that will make chips using our technology we should be something unique for russia.

to take knowledge evolution says referring to is called quantum dot lasers and everywhere his company is among the global elite quantum dots are confined semiconductor you know crystals with unique electronic in optical properties first discovered in the one nine hundred eighty s. by russian physicist. quantum dots for great advantages in laser applications. conductor heteros structures like quantum wells are harder to control for lasers quantum dot lasers require less current for more input and has tested them extremely low relative noise these properties have long been theorized their benefits are on the verge of realisation. on the basis of a company's latest invention we will be able to make a chip that will transmit many channels through its. move on one hundred gigabits per second. it will help replace the both evo inches of cables that you see

everywhere today just a few fibers. there we can cuss energy consumption by several dozen times in the maintenance costs by many hundred times so if. you think of it this way all the data coming out of your computer gets on the highway today the options are basically either building a new road here another cable or waiting in traffic with the other data. home laser proposes adding lanes to the same highway sending information on the same fiber using several different non-interfering wave lakes and to that effect each plane is flying it on speed and you see what kind of breakthrough we're talking about multiply that by the scale of data info heavy thermite google facebook or amazon and you're redefining the world of cloud computing. there are some one hundred data centers being set up every year around the world these are enormous factories for data processing consuming a huge amount of energy. in two thousand and six the data processing industry two

percent of electric energy production in the united states that's a huge number so companies to revolutionize the optical interconnects industry in the near future with research and development and production sites in germany the united states and russia. so obviously the right conditions for top russian optoelectronics technologies to develop have been set up. to competitive firms with cutting edge projects are already on the market and possibly more on the way they build successful innovative business abroad and now want to bring them home what's the magic formula factory is built on a model that's worked in high tech development and production clusters all over the world from the famous silicon valley to taiwan in southeast asia so when. well the time come to build up this kind of center in russia the resoundingly answer from moscow right now that's see idea at the heart of the skolkovo project an

international city of science and technology set to fan out over the next decade in all directions from this spot just outside of moscow so the next time technology update brings you a high tech success story it might just be born and raised right here in still then enjoy the right. i hope that school concept is going to cover these pork cake scientific groups which i did hers to give them kind of in kuwait to conditions like could get it in a mist factory or to discuss it with you when we were there and set up a small manufacturing and all that to develop your sample and your prototype and get custom corrections and this part has to be done in russia immediately otherwise we would never you know cross the bridge between science and manufacturing and because between science and avoiding manufacturing there is a huge gap there is a prototype development and find just by myself i'm

a scientist they very often they don't understand how huge is this gap. hungry for the full story we've got it for. the biggest issues get the human voice face to face with the news makers on the t.v. . last time the close of team was in the cool gum region where men flock from all over the world to have a few centimeters to their self-confidence. this time archie goes to the on the region. for the gold rush still gets people like to. her nation tribe likes to save its culture. where cranes are protected and the first of all official nature reserve. complete coverage of. what should close up on the

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