it's all down here in moscow this is saying. they've been given the truth and the truth is the bearer of poland reluctantly admitted his responsibility for last year's plane crash in smith as they killed the nation's president but the report released on friday still tries to shift some blame somebody. sprains credit rating faces a possible downgrade as the greek debt continues to fuel the eurozone stablemates instability it comes as germany refuses to sign blank check some things junk bonds

. bible policies in the u.s. continue to wrestling for the debts dead long as the tuesday deadline names meanwhile washington's biggest lender china is rapidly losing its patience to. the taliban can mountain is read in protest against poor living conditions song already drawing comparisons with the tidy el prize of the school egypt's new i'll stick in february. time now to delve into the world of scientific research and breakthroughs with the latest edition of technology update. hello and welcome to technology update are you tired of paying those overblown

electric bills at the end of each month this could be the answer you've been waiting for a lot of the energy and with it a lot of the harder and caskets burn out by crummy old incandescent light bulbs but what if i could get you a lot more light and waste way less wattage in the process and up and coming russian companies just open a huge new production facility to help make that energy efficient dream a reality. doesn't meet my sleazy sales pitch the high tech brainchild of a trio of russian scientist was born abroad and is now returned to russia to cover ribbon on a shiny new factory at the outskirts of st petersburg aside from being a happy homecoming the l.e.d. assembly line launches a big step in russia's attempts to modernize its economy to go green at the same time. the capacity. is the highest or inodes of business today in russia countries and in eastern europe we can produce today soon to. come out. it's equal to.

three hundred seventy five thousand square meters l.e.d. is good latest in a long line russians big and powerful made some of the first strides in constructing the incandescent lamps in the eighteenth seventies using carbon filaments renowned american inventor thomas edison introduced improved elements and extended relatively short life electric bulbs first to forty then to over one thousand hours by the early twentieth century the tungsten filament light bulb still in use today were already emerging faurisson lamps appeared in the thirties college and lamps at the end of the one nine hundred fifty s. and high pressure sodium street lighting in the sixty's compact fluorescents or c.f.l. were pioneered in the seventy's and are still a popular option as we move towards energy efficiency gallium nitride light emitting diodes may be seen in the ninety's with improvements in technology since then showing incredible flexibility and efficiency quite possibly making l.e.d.

the light of the future. bright future that brought out the big shots the octagon factory opening the governor of say fears very clearly understood the positive impact of having the company on her church and she was joined by top level dignitaries and investors from moscow and beyond it's a project that state high tech corporation is happy to throw its weight behind. this is one hundred percent. from the ground up on the fundamental level we can thank for his scientific contribution he won the nobel prize for his research in the field of hatred which is the basis of the light emitting diodes that are being produced to it. in fact there's one st petersburg academy at the root of all of this the physical technical institute it's been a world class center for fundamental physics and cutting edge technology since the days of its founder of. not only did he in the faculty of delivering grad this tech

it would soon. there is need to train the ranks of the soviet union's top nuclear scientists they also begin work on semiconductors that underpins virtually all modern electronics. was one of the institute's bright stars in the field of semiconductor physics and a forefather of to big scale e.d.s. . semiconductor launch the meeting diets were developed as early as nine hundred twenty s. pani by russian scientists. experimented with silicon called. the end of the night and sixty's we saw the appearance of more than l.e.d.s. based on a three hundred eighty five semiconductor hitter instructions that was in late one nine hundred sixty s. and early one nine hundred seventy s. basic knowledge implemented of these facilities is the next generation know how developed by my students and what we see here demonstrates how fast this area is changing both in scientific and technological terms and also in terms of the top rate equipment operating here. to dun top managers might seem

a lot it's love growth and how it's a coach were all of your of students in the same mid ninety's graduate class and while the op electronics department go for instance you gave them the best of foundations they were completing their studies at a time of difficult transition for the russian scientific community. at the beginning of the nineteen nineties our economy faced a dramatic ok evil due to disastrous reforms implemented by the government i mean there were carried out in a callous way and as a result russian science found itself in a difficult situation we could not have survived can also be maintained on scientific potential without international collaboration. to guns founders were part of a global generation of innovative entrepreneurs seeking elusive start of conditions in an era of uncertainty in fact much of the developed world was suffering an economic identity crisis in the late twentieth century. not just in the collapsing

socialist bloc german city of dortmund with the russian innovators eventually founder incubate was no exception. the world is full of rusting old industrial space fallen by the wayside in the constant shift of the global economy the challenge on everyone's minds is to rethink and rebuild these spaces to compete in the high tech twenty first century. these challenges were particularly acute in jordan a city at the heart of the once mighty male logical complex and europe's largest economy these pictures are from the final days of felix west a massive plan operated by the steel giant crude that along with other heavy industry installations was the lifeblood of the city's well established working class long before the mill was shuttered for good in one thousand nine hundred eight the economic outlook was darkening. as. people suffered from the crisis

a lot of working places had. they had to take a decision to do for the future what to do next what comes out. money and decided to focus on high technology and it's not that was the decision and the result of this decision you can see it here so. which is one of the. by the way is also who. would soon side is an impressive new facility a far cry from the dreary dortmund of years past with doors opened in april two thousand and five and the factory is set up as a competent center for micro and nano technology startups with offices laboratory clean room infrastructure for small companies trying to take technology from ideas to products the facility combines funding from the city state and european union now hosting around twenty companies with over one hundred employees. including many

from russia so really what you see here in the world is basically the essence of eight years of experience already did with russian friends russian i do stuff seems to go the route in technology that needs to have access to global markets opus li there's a gap in between and the moment this rush my team's find the perfect infrastructure in order to do the conversion of the technology into products where is the money to make a reality come from well basically it needs investors right but you know to get them this infrastructure in a high tech startup team to make a predictable conversion you have a clear timeframe move to the few years in order to convert technology to products and prepare a company in order to approach global markets that's exactly the kind of preparation . and his classmates turned business partners and up to gone were looking for when they came to dortmund and to help them take tough quality off till they try to

technology to the market. up the gun originally was founded by. two my friends and classmates from university and myself and later on he joined us and he helped to move for the gun here to door companies to sell it is. the company made a creation with the endorsement and through this time to develop the main principles and basically came to the final product loop creatives it really didn't and today we are between ten top companies on the level of performance so what exactly was it that opera guy needed to get there l e d business off the ground insured equipment light emitting diodes don't grow on trees they grow in every taxi all reactors are able to read top quality equipment in affordable rates and the m.s.t. factory and the after gun team would set about generating that top quality sample it made them an attractive investment to set up a full scale production here's how it's done. production starts with

a thin model crystalline sapphire wafer in a process known as epitaph. placed inside a special chamber the wafer is bombarded with various gases to form a multi layered structure under specific pressure and temperature conditions the gases cause chemical reactions leaving layers of gallium nitride indium nitride and aluminum nitride on the wafer surface each wafer will produce up to thousands of l.e.d.s. so a laser edging process cards out the individual chips contacts are then affixed to each one of the tiny l.e.d. chips are now ready to be placed inside the casement connected with gold wire contacts and covered with a foster layer to convert blue to white light and negative and positive charge currents meet in the active layer of the diode releasing photons in the form of visible light. technology while the energy efficiency.

recovering the innovation technologies and we look to russia and we talked to several groups of friends several financial groups and on the team grew from michael crawford over there was much faster than others they realize the potential of the company and they simply bought it now maine and marine corps. inside these it with actual lives we found the way that we can grow material with the least dislike cations and defects to even. mean that we can build chips with a more cost efficient technology delivering the same level of performance we are in a transition phase from tyler going to factory would have here in germany to a high of one of the natural evolution today in russia begun is now busy calibrating their production lines in st petersburg to perfectly recreate the recipe day nailed down in dortmund it's a tedious process even on the prototype scale and now the expectations are far

higher comes out of business he is going not to showcase for potential investors but to meet the lighting needs of clients so if all goes to plan what advantages can there elegies offer for an equivalent amount of light octagon projects it's talent last c.f.l. is nearly ten fold and incandescents by fifty times meanwhile the l.e.d.s. will cut in half the energy usage of most c.f.l. zx and usefully ten times less like tricity then old school bulbs mercury pollution is a potentially serious problem with energy saving c.f.l. l.e.d.s. ovoid that toxic threat elegies completely. environmentally safe in russia from let's hear from. the band four hundred watt incandescent bulbs like other people as well you're a california but in russia there is no such high penetration of the so we see that in terms of the market size. direct replacement of incandescent bulbs. it's

a bigger company. so that's why this sets we expect russian market to grow even faster than we think we see the growth of the market for the state like in russia from seven to two hundred percent a year and we expect this tendency to continue top to gun doesn't have to look too far for customers is the city of st petersburg is undergoing an l.e.d. overhaul. our company is in charge of maintaining some one hundred eighty thousand lighting elements around the city that's a huge market for the new l.a. days currently power consumption total several megawatts so the opening of a major production plant that will produce and hopefully lights too will be a boost for some pages the documentary initially we intend to use the ladies to eliminate the city's gardens and pocks there's also an ambitious municipal construction plan in the pipeline with new streets to be designed and built in two thousand and twelve twenty thirteen. so after we've done the pox we'll extend the

replacement program to residential districts and then move on to revamp the lighting for major transport raise in the city as well as the embankments and other key sites beyond their hometown object dawn is breaking out to the faraway russian republic of straddling the arctic circle in icy northern siberia energy efficiency is more than a slogan they're producing electricity and much of the region is expensive and heavily subsidized they also need new technology built to withstand their long winters. what have you guys done to make l.e.d.s. still work in temperature conditions like we have a lot of parts of russia it was one of the challenge especially mad because when you came to this market and you can afford to put integrated we understood russia is a very cold country and nowhere. there is a standard that you need minus sixty degree acquirement for me to throw a shoe using your devices so you know. they've developed

a lot of special it through and it's cost effective for the client. who grew up with. and this is a prototype here what's different about it i can't tell with the naked eye but tell me a little bit about the technology i would say that right now you can buy minus sixty degree in a minute is about they extremely expensive so it's not like a commodity product on the market what. those high end products will come when it's a new company. quite the way it's. design is definitely a big part of the heavily competitive game since other companies outside of russia have already been on the market for years octagon has to show the ability to meet customer specific demands to temperature standards and it's all about better lighting solutions ever lower costs definitely it's like more economical light you pay less after you get your period today it's still quite high from two to five six

years. but in four years look. like and it means that for. french population for now that kind of mass scale consumer base is a bit beyond our grasp even if you think this land or street and industrial lighting would be great for your garage you might balk when you saw the three hundred dollars price tag so well up to gun works on driving down the cost of chip production somebody needs to tackle the issue of design before i'm sold on switching over to. the fortunately the creative minds that hard limit of studios are already on the case moscow's hippest design squad is constantly coming up with new ways to merge high tech function with the fashionable for their blueprints or behind a futuristic prototype octagon screw in l e d. y. it was the mean challenge that you guys had to overcome in making these lines

obviously the technology sweat and fun but there's still got some issues to solve the biggest one ease the problem of couldn't own because it's pretty use a lot of heat so we have to design a very good. radiator is that what this thing is right here yeah it's like. a theme we just came out for the market maybe three years ago and it's just a standard solution but we like to change it and make it more effective and we got inspired by nature because if you look at some of the stuff like mushrooms for example there they just like cause a new wave in up and go in and we quit saying the same similar stuff here and this book helped to extend their capacity and space around and. to make that cooling process more effective from a purely design perspective from an artistic perspective. do you like working with

dogs that need a radiator this clunky like when i look at this i see mostly radiator very little ball and you don't get light maybe as much coming down this direction are you looking at ways to completely redo l.e.d. lighting so that you don't have to have such a bulky radiator industry itself is very rapidly changing day by day i think maybe even after one year we will have another design salute different look so what then is the future of this kind of design a look like you mentioned. itself get in small and small and for example they came up with knitted technology which is called slide engine and physically it's a very very tiny ensley been adamant and then plymouth and that but not you know become an the you could create any shape whatever you want really looking for but some of the designs may seem a bit frivolous a first glance but we're talking about a far more flexible lighting future where we can. ditch traditional shapes in the

name of variety add a bit of color to just about anything and replace old school single function buttons with tiny l.e.d. screens multiplying the devices possibilities another arena for l.e.d.s. allocation is in the automobile lighting and they will be a hybrid by russian billionaire of this month is literally hoping to reinvent the wheel set for full scale production sometime in two thousand and twelve the economy cars are trimmed with all the latest gadgets for the irving commuter could have said nixon group backs both octagon in the new car company so it's no wonder he understood the advantages of that product from st peter's little issues because first of all the use of lights in the. helps is to come past consumption compared to traditional lamps and secondly no less important they standard lifespan basically burning as long as you can. also the use of l e d's allowed us to simplify because optics lowering costs by saving and hard decision features. to

move the zero has company here as the world's leading luxury sports car makers head seen the light of day out believe the lamps in recent years as well as the bang for the buck gets better you can expect to encounter more l.e.d.s. on the road. as you can see l.e.d. technology is finding applications everywhere these days even letting you light up your own living room but it's just the tip of the op electronics iceberg back in the dorm an incubator there are more innovations on the way from the same team of st petersburg scientists upstairs from octagons launching pad to m.s.t. factory i don't offices of the russian companies. while their classmates and former colleagues find their nation the well known l.e.d. industry in the u. misguiding even deeper into their scientific work on semiconductor physics they've assembled an international team to become one of the world's leaders in laser diode technology in jordan they've set up a complete production cycle beginning here with molecular beam f a taxi in. finishing with

a range of packaged products their output includes laser chips and fiber coupled laser modules for use in industrial medical and communications technology. in two thousand and three a team of eight young researchers from the physical technical university where we worked in the laboratory of the nobel laureates to wrestle fear of go to a unique opportunity to set up a private company here in germany we managed to secure significant funds from investors and set up this semiconductor factory now we are a successful company which among other applications produces millions of chips for the medical ships that help save human lives also our enterprise has some ongoing research to create a unique chip to be used in the industry of optical computer interconnections. certainly russia is a different place now with the establishment of the corporation. submitted a project to roost with a proposal to set up production facilities back home to

a factory that will make chips using our technology we should be something unique for russia. the technology live should says referring to is called quantum dot lasers and a real where his company is among the global elite quantum dots are confined semiconductor you know crystals with unique electronic in optical properties first discovered in the one nine hundred eighty s. by russian physicist aleksey quantum dots for great advantages in laser applications. conductor hetero structures like quantum wells are harder to control for lasers. lasers require less current for more amplitude and ileum has tested them extremely low relative noise these properties have long been theorized now their benefits are on the verge of realisation. on the basis of a company's latest invention we will be able to make a chip that will transmit many channels through its. move in one hundred gigabits

per second. it will help replace the bulky bunches of cables that you see everywhere today just a few fibers also we can cut energy consumption by several dozen times in the maintenance costs by many hundred times so. think of it this way all the data coming out of your computer gets on a highway today the options are basically either building a new road here another cable or waiting in traffic would be other data. home laser proposes adding lanes to the same highway sending information on the same fiber using several different non-interfering wave links and to that the fact that each plane is flying in speed and you see what kind of breakthrough we're talking about multiply that by the scale of data info heavy termite google facebook or amazon and you're redefining the world of cloud computing. there are some one hundred data centers being set up every year around the world these are enormous factories for

data processing consuming a huge amount of energy. in two thousand and six. two percent of electric energy production in the united states that's a huge number so expect to revolutionize the optical interconnects industry in the near future with research and development and production sites and generally the united states and russia. so obviously the right conditions for a top russian ocular like tronics technologies to develop and been set up in. two competitive firms with cutting edge projects are already on the market and possibly more on the way they build successful innovative business abroad and now want to bring them home what's the magic formula factory is built on a model that's work in high tech development and production cost over the world from the famous silicon valley to taiwan in southeast asia so we're. the time come

to build up this kind of center in russia the resoundingly answer from moscow right now that's see idea at the heart of the skolkovo project an international city of science and technology set to fan out over the next decade in all directions from this spot just outside of moscow so the next time technology update brings you a high tech success story it might just be born and raised right here in still then enjoy the right. i hope that school confident he's going to cover these. two cake thank you for groups with idea years to give them kind of in kuwait or conditions like we got it and i missed the factory but we discussed it with you when we were there and set up a small manufacturing in order to develop. your prototype and get custom corrections and this book has to be done in russia immediately otherwise we would never you know cross the bridge between science and manufacturing because between

science and avoid infection there is a huge gap there is a prototype development and find just i myself am a scientist they very often they don't understand how huge the things get. wealthy british scientists are. not on the. market find. find out what's really happening to the global economy for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune in to cause a report on march. first. fifty. fifty.

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