a month. it's the. russians. made some of the first strides in constructing the incandescent lamps in the seventy's. filaments. inventor thomas edison introduced improved that extended relatively short life of the. twentieth century the tungsten filament light bulb still in use today were already emerging. at the end of the one nine hundred fifty s. and high pressure sodium street lighting in the sixty's compact. were pioneered in the seventy's and are still a popular option as we move towards energy efficiency. diodes may be seen in the ninety's with improvements in technology since then showing incredible flexibility

and efficiency quite possibly making. the future. future big shots the octagon factory opening. clearly understood the positive impact of having the company on and she was joined by dignitaries and investors from. state. is happy to throw its weight behind. all of this. for fundamental physics and cutting edge technology since the days of its founder.

would soon. train the ranks of the soviet union's top nuclear scientists they also begin work on semiconductors that underpins virtually all modern electronics. was one of the institutes in the field of semiconductor physics and of today's elite d.'s. along to meetings were developed. twenty. russian scientists. experimented with. the end of the nine hundred sixty s. we saw the appearance of d.s. based on a three semiconductor restrictions that was in the late one nine hundred sixty. is the next generation know how to develop students and what we see here demonstrates how fast this area is changing both in scientific and technological terms and also in terms of the top rate equipment racing here. top

managers. of students in the same mid ninety's graduate class and while the op electronics department to gave them the best of foundations they were completing their studies at a time of difficult transition for the russian scientific community. at the beginning of. our economy facing a dramatic due to disaster. by the government i mean they were carried down to. russian science found itself in a difficult situation we could not have survived maintained our scientific potential with international collaboration. of innovative entrepreneurs seeking the elusive startup conditions in an era of uncertainty in fact much of the developed world was suffering an economic identity crisis in the late twentieth century. just in the collapsing socialist. german city

of dortmund where the russian innovators eventually found their incubator was no exception. the world is full of rusting old industrial space by the wayside and the constant shifts of the global economy the challenge on everyone's minds is to rethink and rebuild these spaces to compete in the high tech twenty first century. challenges were particularly acute in a city the once mighty complex and largest economy these pictures are from the final days of phoenix west a massive plant operated by the steel. that along with other heavy industry installations. flooded the city's well established working class long before the mill was shuttered for good in one thousand nine hundred eight the economic.

crisis. they had to take a decision to do for the future. there is a decision you can see here so. by the way as. impressive new facility. passed the doors opened in april two thousand and five. for micro technology. laboratory clean room infrastructure for small companies trying to take technology from ideas to products. from the city state and european union now hosting around twenty companies with over one hundred employees. including many from russia so

what you see here in that white board is basically the essence of eight years of experience all rick perry did with russian friends russian i do. you know the route in technology that needs to have access to global markets over the city there is a gap in between and don't want this. find the perfect infrastructure in order to do the conversion of that technology into products where is the money to make that a reality come from well basically it needs investors right but you know to get them this infrastructure in a high tech startup team to make a predictable conversion you have a timeframe of two the three years in order to convert technology to products and prepare the company in order to approach global markets that's exactly the kind of preparation. and his classmates turned business partners and up to gone were looking for when they came to dortmund and to help them take top quality

optoelectronics technology into the market. originally was founded by. two my friends and classmates from university and myself and. he joined us and he helped to move here to. the company. and through developed the main principles and basically team. creatives. today we have between ten companies on the level of performance so what exactly was it that opera guy needed to get their business off the ground ensure equipment. diodes don't grow on trees to grow in every taxi all reactors are able to rent top quality equipment in affordable rates and the m.s.t. factory in the after gun team said about generating that top quality sample it made them an attractive investment to set up a full scale production here's how it's done. production starts with

a thin mana crystal. and a process known as. placed inside a special chamber the wafer is bombarded with various gases to form a multi-layered structure under specific pressure and temperature conditions the gases cause chemical reactions leaving layers of gallium nitride indium nitride and aluminum nitride on the way for surface each wafer will produce up to thousands of l.e.d.s. so a laser edging process cards out the individual chips contacts are then affixed to each one of the tiny l.e.d. chips are now ready to be placed inside the casement they are connected with gold wire the contacts and covered with the foster layer to convert blue to white light negative and positive charge currents meet in the active layer of the diode releasing photons in the form of visible light. technology while the energy efficiency. recovering the innovation technologies

and we look to russia and we talked to several groups of friends several financial groups and on the group. much faster than others they realize the potential of the company and they simply bought it now main expertise and knowing corvo technology and ease inside at least. we found a way that we can grow material with least dislike and defects compared to even us meaning that we can build chips with a more cost efficient technology delivering the same level of performance we are in a transition phase for all pilot minutes factoring who have here in germany. going to try and establish an today in russia begun is now busy calibrating their production lines in st petersburg to perfectly recreate the recipe day nailed down and it's a tedious process even on the prototype scale and now the expectations are far

higher comes out of these machines is going not to showcase for potential investors but to meet the lighting needs of clients so if all goes to plan what advantages can their l.e.d.s. offer for an equivalent amount of light up to god projects its. last see if l's nearly ten fold and incandescents by fifty times meanwhile the l.e.d.s. will cut in half the energy usage of most c.f.l. and usefully ten times less electricity than an old school bulbs mercury pollution is a potentially serious problem with energy saving c.f.l. . avoid that toxic threat elegies completely. environmentally safe in russia from next year from. a ban four hundred watt incandescent bulbs like other people do as well. but in russia there is no such high penetration of the. so we see that in terms of the market size.

it's bigger to. expect russian market to grow. and we see the growth of the market for. a hundred percent a year and. doesn't have to look. as the city of st petersburg is undergoing an l.e.d. overhaul. company is in charge of maintaining some one hundred eighty thousand lighting elements around the city that's a huge market for the new. currently power consumption total several megawatts. of the major production plant that will produce and hopefully lights to. initially we intend to use to eliminate the city's. construction plan in the pipeline with new streets to be designed and built in two thousand and twelve twenty thirteen so after we've done the pox we'll extend the

replacement program to residential districts and then move on to revamp the lighting for major transport in the city as well as the embankments and. beyond their hometown branching out to the far away russian republic of straddling the arctic circle in northern siberia energy efficiency is more than a slogan they're producing electricity in much of the region is expensive and heavily subsidized also need new technology built to withstand their long brutal winter. what if you. work in temperature conditions like we have a lot of parts of russia. cold country. sixty degree.

this is a prototype here what's different about it i can't tell with the naked eye but tell me a little bit about the technology i would say that right now you can buy my. degree . quite. heavily competitive game since other companies. already been on the market for years to show the ability to meet. demand. ever lower costs.

consumer. even if you think. you might. driving down the cost of chip production somebody needs to tackle the issue of design. creative minds that studios are already on the case. is constantly coming up with new ways to merge. with. the futuristic prototype. screw in. was the main challenge that you guys had to

overcome in making these plans obviously edited knowledge is quite advanced but it still goes some issues to solve the biggest one ease the problem of couldn't don't because it's pretty use the laws of heat so we have to design the very good. read into is that what this thing is right here yeah it's like. the theme we just came out for the market maybe three years ago and it's just a standard solution but we like to change it and make it more effective and we got inspired by nature because if you look at someone getting stuff like mushrooms for example that apes they're just like because the new wave in up and go and we've created the same the same similar stuff here and help to extend the capacity and space around and. to make the cooling process more effective from a purely design perspective from an artistic perspective do you like working with

bulbs that need a radiator this clunky like when i look at this i see mostly radiator very little ball and you don't get light maybe as much coming down this direction are you looking at ways to completely redo l.e.d. lighting so that you don't have to have such a bulky radiator industry itself is very rapidly changing day by day i think maybe even up to one year we'll have another design a different look so what then is the future of this kind of designing a look like you mentioned at the deeds self gets in small and small and for example they can pick knowledge which is called slide engine and physically it's a very very tiny and sleek and thin element and they implemented that but not you know the common you could create any shape whatever you want really looking forward to some of the designs may seem a bit frivolous it first glimpse but we're talking about a far more flexible lighting future where we can. to traditional shapes in the name

of variety. to just about anything and replace old school single function buttons with tiny screens multiplying the devices possibilities. cation is in an automobile lighting and the. russian billionaire this month is literally hoping to reinvent the wheel. sometime in two thousand and twelve the economy cars are trimmed with all the latest gadgets for the urban commuter. next and group backs both in the new car company so it's no wonder he understood the advantages of that product from st peter's little which is the first of the use of light to me. and secondly no less important the extended lifespan. is to simplify the tax lowering costs by saving in high precision features.

to move the o. has company here as the world's leading luxury sports car makers head seen the light about l.e.d. lamps in recent years as well as the bang for the buck gets better you can expect to encounter more l.e.d.s. on the road. as you can see technology is finding applications everywhere these days even your own living room but it's just the tip of the iceberg back in the dorm an incubator there are more innovations on the way from the same team of st petersburg scientists upstairs from our. offices of the russian company. while their classmates and former colleagues find their niche in the industry in an even deeper into their scientific work on semiconductor physics. international team to become one of the world's leaders in laser diode technology endured when they've set up a complete production cycle beginning here with molecular beam and. finishing with a range of packaged products. chips and fiber laser modules for use.

in communications technology. research is from the physical technical university where we worked in the laboratory of the. private company here in germany we managed to secure a significant. company other implications produces millions of chips for the medical. research to create a unique chip to be used in the industry of optical computer into connections. she's a different place now. the. project. was a proposal to set up production facilities. chips using.

something unique. to technology. companies among the global elite quantum dots or confine semiconductor crystals with unique electronic. discovered in the one nine hundred eighty s. physicists. are great advantages in laser applications. and. relative noise. benefits. company's latest invention. through its.

you see everywhere today just a few. hundred . think of the. data coming out of your computer. today. or waiting in traffic. to the same highway sending information on the same fiber using several different. computer.

technologies to develop. and possibly. innovative. over the. this kind of

center in russia. right now that's part of the project an international city of science and technology over the next decade in all directions from this spot just outside of moscow so the next time technology brings you a high tech success story it might just be born and raised right here in enjoy the right. that. is going to cover the. scientific groups. to give them kind of conditions like. what we discussed with you when we were there. in order to develop. your prototype. and this has to be done in russia immediately otherwise we would never you know breach between science and manufacturing would be because between science and. there is

a huge gap there is a prototype development and i myself am a scientist very they don't understand how huge. wealthy british style. markets finance scandals find out what's really happening to the global economy for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune in to cause a report on our. fifty. five.

in india oldies availability in the movie the joint t.v. show rooms. the gateway to the grand imperial truly the tallest west coast coromandel you can a once we're told to sit down to go and. run to the kennel was her job as a retreat. they've been given the truth and the truth is on the pair of conan who reluctantly admits being cheeky response for the plane crash big killed the nation's president last year but still tries to shift some blame so wrong so. we should have amputated grease from the your resume long ago the green can drain away space the country's credit rating prepares for the way it's because of the euro zone stablemates instigator see many refusals to sideline checks on the news john ball also. deadline choose day but still

no sign of a decision in the u.s. debt steinmeyer is rival paul seems wrestle. america's biggest lead to something that loses its patience. on the square roots of civil unrest thousands camp hours in israel's public plazas demanding at best and i think came to sions with concerns that mirrors the tiniest self-rising that's a lead tips need to outstrips. a very warm welcome this is all sea life from potence investigation into the presidential plane crash near smolensk last year says the tragedy was caused by its crew but it. has one thing partly for the catastrophe which killed. and dozens off the polish political. is in walsall for us so let's say you were on the news

conference there and say what else did the investigation team to say. well certainly the main highlight of this press conference was that poland openly admitted that its crew the crew of the airplane was the one to blame for the tragic plane crash which killed most of the country's political elite ninety six people including other presidential couple. in april of last year but still there was some controversy in that because many circumstantial evidence was named in some experts believe that this report was used by the commission in some sense to. criticize russia and to shift some part of the blame on to russia this is what some experts have to say about that. the accident was a simple one type of accident that followed a mistake of a type which has happened countless times before in aviation history this was such a huge.