it's the. russians. made some of the first strides in constructing the incandescent lamps in the seventy's using carbon filaments. inventor thomas edison introduced improved extended relatively short life of electric bulbs. to over one thousand hours early twentieth century the tungsten filament light bulbs still in use today were already emerging. at the end of the one nine hundred fifty s. and high pressure sodium street lighting in the sixty's compact stores. were pioneered in the seventy's and are still a popular option as we move towards energy efficiency. diodes may be seen in the ninety's with improvements in technology since then showing incredible flexibility and efficiency quite possibly making. the future. future

the big shots the octagon factory opening. clearly understood the positive impact of having the company on and she was joined by top level dignitaries and investors from. state high tech corporation is happy to throw its weight behind. the. field. in fact. cademy at the root of all of this physical technical institute. for fundamental physics in cutting edge technology since the days of its founder.

train the ranks of the soviet union's top nuclear scientists they also begin work on semiconductors that underpins virtually all modern electronics. is one of the institutes in the field of semiconductor physics and of today. we developed. twenty. experimented with. the end of the nine hundred sixty s. we saw the appearance of a d.s. based on a three. hundred sixty. is the next generation know how to students and what we see here demonstrates how fast changing both in scientific and technological terms and also in terms of the top rate equipment. managers.

of students in the same mid ninety's graduate class and while the optoelectronics department gave them the best of foundations they were completing their studies at a time of difficult transition for the russian scientific community. at the beginning of. our economy facing a dramatic due to disastrous. i mean the way kerry. found itself in a difficult situation we could not have survived maintained scientific potential international collaboration. of innovative entrepreneurs seeking elusive startup conditions in an era of uncertainty in fact much of the developed world was suffering an economic identity crisis in the late twentieth century. not just in the collapsing socialist. german

city of dortmund where the russian innovators eventually founder incubate was no exception. the world is full of rusting old industrial space fallen by the wayside and the constant shifts of the global economy the challenge on everyone's minds is to rethink and rebuild these spaces to compete in the high tech twenty first century. challenges were particularly acute in a city the once mighty middle logical complex and europe's largest economy these pictures are from the final days of phoenix west a massive plant operated by the steel giant that along with other heavy industry installations. flooded the city's well established working class long before the mill was shuttered for good in one thousand nine hundred eight the economic outlook and. the people from the crisis. had to take

a decision what to do for the future. decided to focus on technology. not. the decision and the result of this decision you can see it here so. by the way. inside is impressive new facility a far cry from the dreary dortmund of years past when doors opened in april two thousand and five. factories set up as a competent center for micro and nanotechnology startups with laboratory clean room infrastructure for small companies trying to take technology from ideas to products the facility combines funding from the city state and european union now hosting around twenty companies with over one hundred. including many from russia so what

you see here in that white board is basically the essence of eight years of experience with a dozen friends and i do. you know the route in technology that needs to have access to global markets obviously there is a get in between and don't want this to the perfect infrastructure in order to do the conversion of that technology into products where is the money to make a reality come from well basically it needs investors right but you know to get them this infrastructure in a high tech start up team to make a predictable conversion you have a clear timeframe of two the three years in order to convert technology to products and prepare the company in order to approach global markets that's exactly the kind of preparation. and his classmates turned business partners and up to gone were looking for when they came to dortmund and the incubator to help them take top quality optoelectronics technology into the market. originally was founded by.

two my friends and classmates from university and myself and. meyer who joined us and he helped to move here to. the company. and through the developed the main principles and basically came to the final loop created that elegant today we have between ten companies on the level of performance so what exactly was it that opera guy needed to get their business off the ground ensure equipment diodes don't grow on trees to grow in every taxi or reactors able to rent top quality equipment in affordable rates and the m.s.t. factory and after about generating the top quality samples that made them an attractive investment to set up a full scale production here's how it's done. production starts with

a thin model crystal lean sapphire wafer and a process known as. placed inside a special chamber the wafer is bombarded with various gases to form a multi layered structure under specific pressure and temperature conditions the gases cause chemical reactions leaving layers of gallium nitride indium nitride and aluminum nitride on the way for surface each wafer will produce up to thousands of l.e.d.s. so a laser edging process cards out the individual chips contacts are then affixed to each one of the tiny l.e.d. chips are now ready to be placed inside the casement they are connected with gold wire the contacts and covered with a foster layer to convert blue to white light negative than positive charge currents meet in the active layer of the diode releasing photons in the form of visible light. technology while the energy efficiency. recovering the innovation technologies. and we talked to

several. several financial groups and. they. bought it. and inside. we found a way that we can grow material with least disliked defects. even. meaning that we can build chips with a more cost efficient technology delivering the same level of performance we are in a transition phase for pilots. who have. busy calibrating their production lines in st petersburg to perfectly recreate the recipe day nailed down and it's a tedious process. and now the expectations are. these machines

is going to showcase for potential investors but to meet the lighting needs of clients. to plan what advantages. for an equivalent amount of light up to go on projects it's. nearly ten fold and fifty times meanwhile the l.e.d.s. will cut in half the energy usage of most c.f.l. and usefully ten times less electricity than. mercury pollution is a potentially serious problem with energy saving c.f.l. . toxic threat. completely. environmentally safe in russia. four hundred. people. in russia. so we see that in terms of the market size. it's bigger

to europe to. expect russian market to grow. and we see the growth of the market for. a hundred percent a year and. doesn't have to look. as this city of st petersburg is undergoing an l.e.d. overhaul. company is in charge of maintaining some one hundred eighty thousand lighting elements around the city that's a huge market for the new. currently power consumption total several megawatts. of a major production plant that will produce and hopefully lights to. initially we intend to use to eliminate the city's gardens and. construction plan in the pipeline with new streets to be designed and built in two thousand and twelve twenty thirteen so after we've done the we'll extend the

replacement program to residential districts and then move on to revamp the lighting for major transport raise in the city as well as the embankments and other key sites beyond their hometown optic branching out to the far away russian republic of straddling the arctic circle in icy northern siberia energy efficiency is more than a slogan there since producing electricity in much of the region is expensive and heavily subsidized they also need new technology built to withstand their long brutal winter. what if you. work in temperature conditions like we have a lot of parts of russia. cold country.

this is a prototype here what's different about it i can't tell with the naked eye but tell me a little bit about the technology i would say that right now you can buy. those . quite. heavily competitive game companies. already been on the market for years. it's. ever lower costs.

and. even if you think. you might. driving down the cost of chips somebody needs to tackle the issue of design. creative minds that studios are already on the case. is constantly coming up with new ways to merge. with. the futuristic prototype. screw in. was the main challenge that you guys had to overcome in making these lamps obviously did acknowledges quite advanced now but

there's still goes some issues to solve the biggest one ease the problem of couldn't don't because it's produced a lot of heat so we have to design the very good. read into is that what this thing is right here yeah it's like. the theme we just came out for the market maybe three years ago and it's just a standard solution but we like to change it and make it more effective and we got inspired by nature because if you look at some of the it stuff like mushrooms for example that apes there they just like cause a new wave in up and go in and we create the same the same similar stuff here and it will help us to extend capacity and space around and. to make that cooling process more effective from a purely design perspective from an artistic perspective do you like working with

bulbs that need a radiator this clunky like when i look at this i see mostly radiator very little ball and you don't get light maybe as much coming down this direction are you looking at ways to completely redo l.e.d. lighting so that you don't have to have such a bulky radiator industry itself is very rapidly changing day by day i think maybe even up to one year we'll have another design beefed up so there's a different look so what then is the future of this kind of designing to look like you mentioned at a deed silva get in small and small and for example they can close your which is called slight engine and physically it's a very very tiny ensley been adamant and they implemented that but you know the common you could wait any shape whatever you want really looking forward to some of the designs may seem a bit frivolous if first glimpse but we're talking about a far more flexible lighting future where we can. traditional shapes in the name of variety. to just about anything and replace old school single function buttons with

tiny. multiplying devices possibilities. and the. russian billionaire. is literally hoping to reinvent the wheel. sometime in two thousand and twelve. with all the latest gadgets for the erving to . group both in the new car company so it's no wonder he understood the advantages of that product from st peter's middle which is the first of all to me. and secondly no less important. features. company here as the world's leading luxury sports car makers had

seen the light of. recent years as well as the bang for the buck you can expect to encounter more l.e.d.s. on the road. as you can see technology is finding applications everywhere these days even livingroom but it's just the tip of the iceberg. there are more innovations on the way from the same team of scientists upstairs from. offices of the russian company. their classmates and. industry. to their scientific work on semiconductor physics. international to the world's leaders in laser technology in the complete production cycle beginning here with molecular. and. finishing with a range of packaged products. laser chips and fiber. for use.

in communications technology. research is from the physical technical university where we worked in the laboratory of the. private company here in germany we managed to secure a significant. company. produces millions of chips for the medical. research to create a unique chip to be used in the industry of optical computer interconnections. she's a different place now. the. project. was a proposal to set up production facilities. chips using.

something unique. to technology. his company is among the global elite. confined semiconductor crystals with unique electronics. discovered in the one nine hundred eighty s. by physicists. quantum dots are great advantages in. quantum. and. relative noise. benefits. company's latest invention. make a chip. one hundred gigabits.

you see everywhere today just a few. hundred . think of the. data coming out of your computer. today the options are basically either building a new road. or waiting in traffic. to the same highway sending information on the same fiber using several different. and each plane is flying it. and you. were talking about. redefining the computer. one hundred. the world.

in two thousand and six. that's a huge number. expect. development and production. conditions for. technologies to develop. to competitive firms with cutting edge projects. and possibly. successful innovative business abroad to bring them home. over the world from the famous silicon valley to taiwan and southeast asia. time come to build up this kind of center in russia resoundingly. right now that's the

heart of the skolkovo project an international city of science and technology over the next decade in all directions from this spot just outside of moscow so the next time technology update brings you a high tech success story it might just be born and raised right here in till then enjoy the ride. that. he's going to cover. to take scientific groups. to give them kind of in conditions like could get it in a factory or to discuss with you when we were there and set up a small manufacturing in order to develop. or you prototype and get custom attraction. and this has to be done in russia immediately otherwise we would never you know cross the bridge between science and manufacturing between because between science and manufacturing there is a huge gap there is

a prototype development and scientist i myself am a scientist very often they don't understand how huge is this gap. wealthy british style. markets financed scandals find out what's really happening to the global economy for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune in to cause a report on our.

first.

in india in the movie the joint people who took. the gateway hotel

the grand imperial tried to talk to. say don't need to go and. read this and the colonel was photo retreat. there should be accusations in significant it's just an attempt to shift some parts of the blame aviation experts say warsaw's clutching at straws as poland reluctantly admits being chiefly responsible for the plane crash that killed the nation's president last year. we should have amputated greece from the euro zone long ago the greek drain ways on spain the country's credit rating prepares for the worst because of its eurozone stablemates instability this is germany refusing to sign blank checks on athens jump on. deadline choose day but still no

sign of a decision in the u.s. debt as rival parties wrestle over a solution america's biggest lender china loses its patients as we report. and the square root of civil unrest thousands camped out in israel's public plazas demanding better living conditions with concerns it mirrors the uprising that saw egypt's leader ousted. welcome you're watching r.t. international from moscow with me kevin oh in this hour it's now ten pm here in our top story for you poland's investigation into the presidential plane crash near smolensk last year says the tragedy was caused by its crew but it's also partly blames russia for the catastrophe which killed the kaczynski and dozens of the polish political elite the results are ready triggering cracks among poland's

leading politicians. is the latest from warsaw tonight. well certainly the main highlight of this press conference was that poland openly admitted that its crew the crew of the airplane was the one to blame for the tragic plane crash which killed most of the country's political elite ninety six people including other presidential couple. in april of last year but still there was some controversy in that because many a circumstantial evidence was named in some experts believe that this report was used by the commission in some sense to. criticize russia and to shift some part of the blame on to russia this is what some experts have to say about that you could put it you skew i think we're now witnessing some political games to shift the blame from the polish side when i was an expert in this commission and i was surprised to learn that the group was chosen immediately before the flight which was the first. forty three of the certainly most of the point.