hello there is time for the headlines not here not the torpedo effect democrat led senate kills republican debt ceiling plan shortly after was not only lost by the house as mr deadline dupes. ultra conservative islamist social realm egypt's tahrir square demanding sharia law in the wake of the revolution spreading across the region israelis into the streets to protest social justice. as

number of journalists in the u.s. decreases public relations sector grows rapidly and something else with it up the trend will be democracy. all coming up next except technology update exploring the scientific breakthroughs that win the future consider. hello and welcome to technology update are you tired of paying those overblown electric bills at the end of each month this could be the answer you've been waiting for a lot of the energy and with that a lot of the harder and cash gets burned by crummy old incandescent light bulbs but what if i could get you a lot more light and waste way less wattage in the process and up and coming russian companies just open

a huge new production facility to help make that energy efficient dream a reality. begun doesn't need my sleazy sales pitch the high tech brainchild of a trio of russian scientists was born abroad and is now returned to russia to cover it in on a shiny new factory at the outskirts of st petersburg aside from being a happy homecoming the l.e.d. assembly line launches a big step in russia's attempts to modernize its economy to go green at the same time. the capacity of an affection through point is the highest or you know do business today in russia in china's countries and in eastern europe we can produce today thirty million. a month. it's. l.e.d.s. good latest in a long line russians big and powerful made some of the first strides in constructing the incandescent lamps in the seventy's using carbon filaments

renowned american inventor thomas edison introduced improved filaments extended to relatively short life of electric bulbs first to forty then to over one thousand hours by the early twentieth century the tungsten filament light bulbs still in use today were already emerging fluorescent lamps appeared in the thirty's and lamps at the end of the one nine hundred fifty s. and high pressure sodium street lighting in the sixty's compact fluorescents or c.f.l. were pioneers in the seventy's and are still a popular option as we move towards energy efficiency gallium nitride light emitting diodes may be seen in the ninety's with improvements in technology since then showing incredible flexibility and efficiency quite possibly making l.e.d. the lighting of the future. bright future that brought out the big shots to the op a gun factory opening governor of st petersburg clearly understood the positive impact of having the company on her and she was joined by top level dignitaries and investors from moscow and beyond it's

a project that state high tech corporation is happy to throw its weight behind. this is one hundred percent. from the ground up on the fundamental level we can thank. his scientific contribution he won the nobel prize for his research in the field of hatred. of the light emitting diodes being produced is. in fact there's one st petersburg academy at the root of all of this the physical technical institute it's been a world class center for fundamental physics in cutting edge technology since the days of its founder of. not only did he in the faculty of villainy it would soon. there is name train the ranks of the soviet union stop nuclear scientists they also begin work on semiconductors that underpins virtually all modern electronics judie is so few it was one of the institute's bright stars in the fueled of semiconductor physics and a forefather of today's daily e.d.s.

. semiconductor along to meeting diets were developed as early as nineteen twenty years connie by russian scientists. who experimented with silicon called by . the end of the night and sixty's we saw the appearance of more d.s. based on a three d. find semiconductor hitter instructions that was in late one thousand sixty's and early one nine hundred seventy s. this acknowledging implemented of these facilities is the next generation know how developed by my students and what we see here demonstrates how fast this area is changing both in scientific and technological terms and also in terms of the top rate equipment operating here. octagon top managers might seem on the beautiful but it's love will grow phenolic six were all of your of students in the same mid ninety's graduate class and while the op electronics department your fiancee to give them the best of foundations they were completing their studies at a time of difficult transition for the russian scientific community. at the

beginning of the nine hundred ninety s. our economy faced a dramatic up evil due to disastrous reforms implemented by the government i mean they were carried out in a callous way and as a result russian science found itself in a difficult situation we could not have survived can also maintained on scientific potential without international collaboration. two guns founders were part of a global generation of innovative entrepreneurs seeking elusive startup conditions in an era of uncertainty in fact much of the developed world was suffering an economic identity crisis in the late twentieth century. not just in the collapsing socialist bloc the west german city of dortmund with the russian innovators eventually found their interest was no exception. the world is full of rusting old industrial space fallen by the wayside in a constant shift of the global economy the challenge on everyone's minds is to

rethink and rebuild these spaces to compete in the high tech twenty first century. these challenges were particularly acute in jordan a city at the heart of the once mighty middle logical complex and europe's largest economy these pictures are from the final days of felix west a massive plan operated by the steel johnny crew of it along with other heavy industry installations was the lifeblood of the city's well established working class long before the mill was shuttered for good in one thousand nine hundred eight the economic outlook was darkening. as. the people suffered from the crisis a lot of working places have. had to take a decision here would do for the future to do next what comes off the street cooking and money and decided to focus on high technology my credit twenty x. x. that was a decision in eighty's and the result of this decision you can see here so. which

is one of the. technologies sent by the way is. companies. would since side is an impressive new facility a far cry from the dreary dortmund of years past with doors open in april two thousand and five and this is the factory is set up as a competent center for micro and nanotechnology startups with offices laboratory and clean room infrastructure for small companies trying to take technology from ideas to products if you silly combines funding from the city state and european union now hosting around twenty companies with over one hundred employees. including many from russia so really what you see your own advice. is even the essence of eight years of experience already very good with a russian friends russian i did sort of see. you know the root in technology and that needs to have access to global markets opus leaders say yet between indulgence

this rush my to keep find the perfect infrastructure in order to do the conversion of the technology into products where is the money to make a reality come from well basically it needs investors right but you know to get them this infrastructure in a high tech startup team to make a predictable conversion you have a clear timeframe of two the three years in order to convert technology to products and prepare the company in order to approach global markets that's exactly the kind of preparation. and his classmates turned business partners and off to gone were looking for when they came to dortmund and better to help them take tough quality off the electronic technology to the market. up the gun originally was founded by. my friends and classmates from university and myself and later on birth mark who joined us and he helped to move for the gun here to door companies and it is shield

to sell them the company from a new creation was he in dorking and through this time to develop the main principles and basically we came to the final core that we created that and we didn't come today we are between ten top companies on the level of performance so what exactly was a bit opera gun needed to get their business off the ground insured equipment light emitting diodes don't grow on trees they grow in every taxi all reactors are able to read top quality equipment at affordable rates and the m.s.t. factory in jordan after going team had said about generating that top quality sample it made them an attractive investment to set up a full scale production here's how it's done. l.e.d. production starts with a thin model crystal lean sapphire wafer in a process known as epitaphs you'll grow placed inside a special chamber the wafer is bombarded with various gases to form a multi-layered structure under specific pressure and temperature conditions the

gases cause chemical reactions leaving layers of gallium nitride indium nitride and aluminum nitride on the way for surface each wafer will produce up to thousands of l.e.d.s. so a laser edging process cards out the individual chips contacts are then affixed to each one of the tiny l.e.d. chips are now ready to be placed inside the encasement connected with gold wire the contacts and covered with a foster layer to convert blue to white light negative and positive charge currents meet in the active layer of the diode releasing photons in the form of visible light. technology energy efficiency and like really. recovering the innovation technologies and we look to russia and we've talked to several groups of friends several financial groups and michael crawford over there will like much faster than others and they realize the potential of the company and they simply bought it now mean expertise and marine corps. and inside

these protection lives we found a way that we can grow material with the least dislocations and defects to even world leaders meaning that we can build chips with a more cost efficient technology delivering the same level of performance we are in a transition phase from i live in a factory who have here in germany to hire one i'm going to try and establish an today in russia octagon is now busy calibrating there for dutch in lines in st petersburg to perfectly recreate the recipe day nailed down in dortmund it's a tedious process even on the prototype scale and now the expectations are far higher comes out of these machines is going not to showcase for potential investors but to meet the lighting needs of clients so if all goes to plan what advantages can there elegies offer for an equivalent amount of light up to gun projects it's l.e.d.s. last c.f.l.

is nearly ten fold and incandescents by fifty times meanwhile the l.e.d.s. will cut in half the energy usage of most c.f.l. zx and usefully ten times less like tricity then old school bulbs mercury pollution is a potentially serious problem with energy saving c.f.l. well l.e.d.s. avoid that toxic threat elegies completely. environmentally safe in russia from let's hear from general frost we have a bad four hundred watt incandescent bulbs like other people because well they were . but in russia there is no such high penetration of those so we see that in terms of the marketplace. direct replacement of incandescent bulbs too early it's a bigger company to europe to so that's why this is that we expect russian market to grow even faster and with the plan we see the growth of the market for the state lighting in russia from seventy to one hundred percent a year and we expect the standard to continue top to gun doesn't have to look too

far for customers as the city of st petersburg is undergoing an l.e.d. overhaul. our company is in charge of maintaining some one hundred eighty thousand lighting elements around the city that's a huge market for the new. currently power consumption total several megawatts the opening of a major production plant that will produce and hopefully lights to will be a boost to some page is good for your initially we intend to use illy days to eliminate the city's gardens and pocks there's also an ambitious new miscible construction plan in the pipeline with new streets to be designed and built in two thousand and twelve twenty thirteen so after we've done the pox we'll extend the replacement program to residential districts and then move on to revamp the lighting for major transport to raise in the city as well as the embankments and other key sites beyond their hometown octagon is breaking out to the far away russian republic of straddling the arctic circle when i see northern siberia energy

efficiency is more than a slogan they're producing electricity in much of the region it is expensive and heavily subsidized they also need new technology built to withstand their long brutal winter. what have you guys done to make l.e.d.s. still work in temperature conditions like we have a lot of parts of russia it was one of the chatter just makes me mad it was when we came to this market that integrated. just understood russia as a very cold country and no where. there is a standard that you need minus sixty degree. throwing three she usually devices so you know. to develop a lot of special electronics cost effective for the client. and this is a prototype here what's different about it i can't tell with the naked eye but tell me a little bit about the technology i would say that right now you can buy minus sixty degree but they extremely expensive so it's not like

a commodity product on the market what we are trying to do to make those high end products more come with it's a new company hands. on soul and so quite a lot it's totally new to us just zine is definitely a big part of the heavily competitive believe gave since other companies outside of russia had already been on the market for years octagon has to show the ability to meet customer specific demands like to temperature standards and it's all about better lighting solutions ever lower costs definitely it's like more economical light you pay less after you get your period today it's still quite high from two to five six years. but in four years look peter it will be like for you. like it means it approved accessible for. the population for now that kind of mass scale consumer base is

a bit beyond our grasp even if you think this land for street industrial lighting would be great for your garage you might bought when you saw the three hundred dollars price tag octagon works on driving down the cost of chip production somebody needs to tackle the issue of full design before i'm sold on switching over to. the fortunately the creative minds that hard limit of studios are already on the case moscow's hippest design squad is constantly coming up with new ways to merge high tech functions with a fashionable for their blueprints a behind the futuristic prototype octagon screw in l e d. y. was the mean challenge that you guys had to overcome in making these lines obviously edited knowledge is quite advanced now but it's still got some issues to solve the biggest one is the problem of couldn't don't use lot of heat so we have to design a very good. radiant. is that what this thing is for here yeah it's like.

the theme we just came out for the market maybe three years ago and it's just the standard solution but we like to change it and make it more effective and we got inspired by nature because if you look at some of the stuff like mushrooms for example that eats their way just late because if you wait in up and go and we create the same the same similar stuff here and the book help us to extend their capacity and space around and. to make that cooling process north act from a purely design perspective from an artistic perspective. do you like working with bulbs that need a radiator this clunky like when i look at this i see mostly radiator very little ball and you don't get late maybe as much coming down this direction are you looking at ways to completely redo l.e.d. lighting so that you don't have to have such a bulky radiator industry itself is very rapidly changing day by day i think maybe

even after one year we'll have another design different look so what then is the future of this kind of designing a look like you mentioned. the the self getting smaller and smaller and for example they they came a bit closer which is called slight engine and physically it's a very very tiny ensley been adamant and they implemented that but you know the common you could create any shape whatever you want really looking forward to some of the designs may seem a bit frivolous a first glance but we're talking about a far more flexible lighting future where we can. to traditional shapes in the name of variety and a bit of color to just about anything and replace old school single function buttons with tiny l.e.d. screens multiplying your devices possibilities another reader for the application is in an automobile lighting and they will be a hybrid by russian billionaire this month is literally hoping to reinvent the

wheel set for full scale production sometime in two thousand and twelve the economy cars are trimmed with all the latest gadgets for the urban commuter could have said nixon who backs both octagon in the new car company so it's no wonder he understood the advantages of that product from st peters or google which is because first of all the use of lights in the. house is to come past consumption compassion traditional labs and secondly no less important they standard life span basically running as long as you can. also the use of l e d's allowed us to simplify because optics lowering costs by saving in high precision features. to move the o. has company here as the world's leading luxury sports car makers head seen the light about l e v lance in recent years as well as the bang for the buck gets better you can expect to encounter more l.e.d.s. on the road. as you can see l.e.d.

technology is finding applications everywhere these days even your own living room but it's just the tip of the op electronics iceberg back in the dorm an incubator there are more innovations on the way from the same team of st petersburg scientists upstairs from octagons launching pad the factory i don't offices of the russian companies. while their classmates and former colleagues find their niche in the well known l.e.d. industry into humans died even deeper into their scientific work on semiconductor physics they've assembled an international team to become one of the world's leaders in laser diode technology endured when they've set up a complete production cycle beginning here with molecular beam f a taxi in. finishing with a range of packaged products their output includes wafers laser chips and fiber coupled laser modules for use in industrial medical and communications technology. in two thousand and three it seem of eight young researchers from the physical technical university where we worked in the laboratory of the nobel laureates to

wrestle fear of go to a unique opportunity to set up a private company here in germany we managed to secure significant funds from investors and set up this semiconductor effect now we are a successful company which among other applications produces millions of chips for the medical sector chips that help save human lives but also our enterprises some ongoing research to create a unique chip to be used in the industry of optical computer interconnections. certainly russia is a different place now with establishment of the roost on a corporation. submitted a project to roost with a proposal to set up production facilities back home. that's actually that will make chips using our technology which will be something unique for russia which you . know the technology live shots is referring to is called quantum dot lasers and arena where his company is among the global elite quantum dots are confined semiconductor crystals with unique electronic an optical properties first

discovered in the one nine hundred eighty s. by russian physicist i see quantum dots for great advantages in laser applications other semiconductor heteros structures like quantum wells are harder to control for lasers quantum dot lasers require less current for more amplitude and has tested them at extremely low relative noise these properties have long been theorized their benefits are on the verge of realized they should. on the basis of a company's latest invention will be able to make a chip that will transmit many channels through its. single fiber more than one hundred gigabits. it will help replace the bulky bunches of cables that you see everywhere today just a few fibers also we can coast energy consumption by several dozen times and the maintenance costs by many hundred times so if. you think of it this way

all the data coming out of your computer gets on a highway today the options are basically either building a new road here another cable or waiting in traffic with the other data. home laser proposes adding lanes to the same highway sending information on the same fiber using several different non-interfering wave links add to that the fact that each plane is flying it on speed and you see what kind of breakthrough we're talking about multiply that by the scale of data in the firm like google facebook or amazon and you're redefining the world of cloud computing. there are some one hundred data centers being set up every year around the world these are enormous factories for data processing consuming a huge amount of energy. in two thousand and six the data processing industry to help two percent of electrical energy production in the united states that's a huge number so she expects to revolutionize the optical interconnects industry in

the near future with research and development and production sites in germany in states and russia. so obviously the right conditions for a top russian ocular like tronics technologies to develop have been set up in. two competitive firms with cutting edge projects are already out on the market and possibly more on the way they build successful innovative business abroad and now want to bring them home what's the magic formula factory is built on a model that's worked in high tech development in production clusters all over the world from the famous silicon valley to taiwan in southeast asia so when. well the time comes to build up this kind of center in russia the resoundingly answer from moscow right now that's see idea at the heart of the skolkovo project an international city of science and technology set to fan out over the next decade in all directions from this spot just outside of moscow so the next time technology update brings you a high tech success story it might just be born and raised right here until then

enjoy the right. i hope that school concept is going to cover these. to take scientific groups as a deer's to give them kind of incorporate the conditions like we got it in him with factory which we discussed with you when we were there and set up a small manufacturing in a little develop yourself a sample or your prototype and get custom traction and this part has to be done in russia immediately otherwise we would never you know cross the bridge between finance and manufacturing and because between science and avoiding infection there is a huge gap there is a prototype development and scientists i myself am a scientist they very often they don't understand how huge pieces got.

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