just in the eight hundred seventy s. . filaments. inventor thomas edison introduced improved extended relatively short life of electric bulbs. then to over one thousand hours early twentieth century the tungsten filament light bulbs still in use today were already emerging. at the end of the one nine hundred fifty s. and high pressure sodium street lighting in the sixty's compact stores. were pioneered in the seventy's and are still a popular option as we move towards energy efficiency. diodes may be seen in the ninety's with improvements in technology since then showing incredible flexibility and efficiency quite possibly making. the future. future that brought out the big shots the octagon factory opening. clearly understood the positive impact of having the company on and she was joined by top level dignitaries and investors from beyond it's

a project that state high tech corporation is happy to throw its weight behind. in the field. in fact. all of this physical technical institute it's been a world class center for fundamental physics and cutting edge technology since the days of its founder. would soon train the ranks of the top nuclear scientists they also begin work on semiconductors that underpins virtually modern electronics. was one of the institutes in the field of semiconductor physics and of today's.

the nine hundred sixty is. based on a three. hundred sixty. is the next generation know how to students and what we see here demonstrates how fast changing. and also in terms of the top rate equipment here. students in the same. foundations they were completing their studies at a time of difficult transition for the community. at the beginning of.

our economy facing a dramatic. in a difficult situation we could not have survived maintained scientific potential international. innovative entrepreneurs seeking elusive startup conditions and in. fact much of the developed world was suffering an economic identity crisis in the late twentieth century. just in the collapsing socialist bloc german city where the russian innovators eventually found was no exception. in the constant shifts of the global economy the challenge everyone. to rethink and

. to compete in the twenty first century. challenges were particularly acute in a city. in. these pictures. phoenix west a massive plant operated by. along with other heavy industry installations. long before the mill was shuttered for good in one thousand nine hundred eight the economic outlook. for the future. there is. so.

impressive new facility. passed. in april two thousand and five. companies trying to take technology. from the city state and european union now hosting around twenty companies with over one hundred employees including many.

get in between and don't want this rush to teams find the perfect infrastructure in order to do the conversion of that technology into products where is the money to make a reality come from well basically it needs investors read it but you know to get them this infrastructure in a high tech start up team to make a predictable conversion you have a clear timeframe move to the three years in order to technology to products and prepare the company in order to approach global markets that's exactly the kind of preparation. and his classmates turned business partners adopt a gun we're looking for when they came to dortmund and to help them take tough quality off the electronic technology to the market. originally was founded by. two my friends and classmates from university and myself and. meyer who joined us and he helped to move here to. this. company

made a career. and through this time developed the main principles and basically team. loop created that elegant today we have between ten companies on the level of performance so what exactly was it that opera guy needed to get their business off the ground ensure equipment light emitting diodes don't grow on trees big growing every taxi all reactors able to rent top quality equipment in affordable rates and the m.s.t. factory in the octagon team would set about generating the top quality samples that made them an attractive investment to set up a full scale production here's how it's done production starts with a thin model crystalline sapphire wafer and a process known as. placed inside a special chamber the wafer is bombarded with various gases to form a multi-layered structure under specific pressure and temperature conditions the gases. cause chemical reactions leaving layers of gallium nitride indium nitride

and aluminum nitride on the way for surface in each wafer will produce up to thousands of l.e.d.s. so a laser edging process cards out the individual chips contacts are then affixed each one to tiny l.e.d. chips are now ready to be placed inside the casement connected with gold wire the contacts and covered with a foster layer to convert blue to white light negative than positive charge currents meet in the active layer of the diode releasing photons in the form of visible light. technology energy efficiency. recovering the innovation technologies. and we talked to several groups several financial groups and on the group. they. bought it. and

inside. we found a way that we can grow material with the least disliked defects to even. the chips with a more cost efficient technology delivering the same level of performance we are in a transition phase for all. who have. their production lines in st petersburg perfectly recreate the recipe day nailed down and it's a tedious process. and now the expectations are. these machines is going to showcase for potential investors but to meet the lighting needs of clients. to plan what advantages. for an equivalent amount of light up to go on projects it's. nearly ten fold and fifty times

meanwhile they will cut in half the energy usage of most c.f.l. and use fully ten times less electricity than old school bulbs mercury pollution is a potentially serious problem with energy saving c.f.l. . toxic threat. completely. environmentally safe in russia. and four hundred. people. but in russia there is no such high penetration. so we see that in terms of the market size. it's bigger to europe to. expect russian market to grow. and we see the growth of the market for. a hundred percent a year and. doesn't have to look. as the city of st

petersburg is undergoing an l.e.d. overhaul. companies in charge of maintaining some one hundred eighty thousand lighting elements around the city that's a huge market for the new. currently power consumption total several megawatts. of a major production plant that will produce and hopefully lights to. initially we intend to use to eliminate the city's. construction plan in the pipeline with new streets to be designed and built in two thousand and twelve twenty thirteen. so after we've done the pox we'll extend the replacement program to residential districts and then move on to revamp the lighting for major transport raise in the city as well as the embankments and. beyond their hometown up to god is branching out to the far away russian republic

of straddling the arctic circle in northern siberia energy efficiency is more than a slogan there since producing electricity in much of the region is expensive and heavily subsidized they also need new technology built to withstand their long brutal winter. what if you. work in temperature conditions like we have a lot of parts of russia. cold country. this is a prototype here what's different about it i can't tell with the naked eye but tell me a little bit about the technology i would say that right now you can buy. definitely

a big competitive game since other companies. already been on the market for years and has to show the ability to meet customer specific demands. it's. never lower costs. for. consumer. even if you think.

you might. driving down the cost of chip production somebody needs to tackle the issue of design. creative minds that studios are already on the case. is constantly coming up with new ways to merge. with the fashion. behind the futuristic prototype. screw in a. while. it was the main challenge that you guys had to overcome in making these plans obviously the technology is quite advanced now but there's still goes some issues to solve the biggest one ease the problem of couldn't don't because it's pretty useless of heat so we have to design a very good. read into is that what this thing is right here yeah it's like.

the theme we just came out for the market maybe three years ago and it's just a standard solution but we like to change it and make it more effective and we got inspired by nature because if you look at some of the it stuff like mushrooms for example that apes there they just like cause a new wave in up and go in and we create the same the same similar stuff here and it will help us to extend capacity and space around and. to make that cooling process more effective from a purely design perspective from an artistic perspective do you like working with bulbs that need a radiator this clunky like when i look at this i see mostly radiator very little ball and you don't get light maybe as much coming down this direction are you looking at ways to completely redo l.e.d. lighting so that you don't have to have such a bulky radiator industry itself is very rapidly changing day by day i think maybe

even up to one year we'll have another design beefed up sort of a different look so what then is the future of this kind of designing a look like you mentioned at the deed self get in small and small and for example they can demolish your which is called slide engine and physically it's a very very tiny and sleek and thin adamant and they implemented that but not you know the common you could wait any shape whatever you want really looking forward to some of the designs may seem a bit frivolous it first glimpse but we're talking about a far more flexible lighting future where we can. to traditional shapes in the name of variety. to just about anything and replace old school single function buttons with tiny. multiplying devices possibilities. and the. month is literally hoping to reinvent the wheel.

sometime in two thousand and twelve. with all the latest gadgets for the. next in group. in the new car company so it's no wonder he understood the advantages of that product for the same. little which is when you first of all the use of lie to me. and secondly no less important. features. company here as the world's leading luxury sports car makers head seen the light of. recent years as well as the bang for the buck you can expect to encounter more l.e.d.s. on the road which. as you can see. is finding applications everywhere these days

even. but it's just the tip of the iceberg. there are more innovations on the way from the same. scientists. from. offices of the russian company. industry. even deep into their scientific work on semiconductor physics. the world's leaders in technology. beginning here with molecular. and. finishing with a range of packaged products. chips and fiber laser modules for use. in communications technology. research is from the. university where we worked in the laboratory of the. private

company here in germany we managed to secure a significant. company other implications produces millions of chips for the medical. research to create a unique to be used in the industry of optical computer interconnections. she's a different place now. the. project. was a proposal to set up production facilities. chips using. something unique. to his called quantum dot. where his company is among the global elite quantum dots or confined semiconductor crystals with unique electronics. discovered in the one

nine hundred eighty s. physicist. quantum dots are great advantages in laser applications. for more amplitude and. relative noise. benefits. company's latest invention. one hundred gigabits. you see everywhere today just a few. hundred times. think of the. data coming out of your computer.

today the options are basically. waiting in traffic. lanes to the same highway sending information on the same fiber using several different. each lane. and you see what kind of breakthrough we're talking about. computer. one hundred. two thousand and six. expect. production.

technology. to competitive firms with cutting edge projects. and possibly. successful innovative business. over the world from the famous silicon valley. time come to build up this kind of center in russia the resoundingly answer from moscow right now that's the heart of the skolkovo project an international city of science and technology to fan out over the next decade in all directions from this spot just outside of moscow so the next time technology update brings you a high tech success story it might just be born and raised right here in till then

enjoy the ride. that concept is going to cover. to take scientific groups. to give them kind of in kuwait the conditions like we get it in a mist factory what we discussed with you when we were there and set up a small manufacturing in order to develop. your prototype and get custom traction. and this has to be done in russia immediately otherwise we would never you know cross the bridge between science and manufacturing would be because between science and avoiding manufacturing there is a huge gap there is a prototype development and scientist i myself am a scientist they very often they don't understand how huge is the.

last time the close of team was in the cool gum region where men flock from all over the world to add a few centimeters to their self-confidence. this time our team goes to the amore reaches. for the gold rush still gets people hyped up. for an ancient tribe fights to save its culture. where cranes are protected in the first and only unofficial nature reserve. to the amore egypt. russia close up

on the r.t. . in

india all these available in the move go into the joint below to. the gateway hotel

the grand imperial troy told us to push coromandel new kilowatts hotel close to the sea don't need to go and. run this in the kennel was such a treat. to talk pedia effect democrat led senate kills republican debt ceiling pattern shortly afterwards and already passed by the house as u.s. default deadline looms. ultra conservative islamists overwhelm egypt's tahrir square demanding sharia law in the wake of revolution spreading in the region israelis take to the streets to protest for social justice. as number of journalists in the u.s. decreases public relations sector growth rapidly some saying goaltimate victim of the trend will be democracy.

focusing live from the heart of the russian capital you're watching r.t. the democrats control the u.s. senate has shot down a republican debt ceiling plan just hours after it was passed in the house of representatives the plan put forward by house speaker john boehner would have raised the country's debt ceiling by nine hundred billion dollars along with a similar amount in spending cuts and the clock ticks down to august second when the debt limit is reached there's less time to earth and unprecedented default crisis which might prompt us to lose its top notch credit rating for senate democrat leader harry reid now hopes his proposal will see a compromise which could keep the government afloat and according to economists tax fraud wolf this plan is most likely to get the green light. less than two business

days away from the worst self-imposed crisis of america's standing in the world and america's credit rating and at least a century it's a fairly emergency situation and we're deep into the eleventh bordering on the twelfth our debt reduction plan that president obama has endorsed at least rhetorically that comes out of harry reid and the democratic majority in the u.s. senate does make massive cuts in spending more than two point five trillion dollars over ten years so more than two hundred fifty billion dollars a year does no increase in revenue at all which was one of the early if i think somewhat unwise demands of the republicans in these negotiations and therefore is possible is actually does more to reduce the deficit and the debt in the united states over the next ten years than the rival republican house plan the cut cap and balance plan and so it's possible of that could be pushed through none of these plans make real efforts to reduce the long term problem of insufficient revenue and these plans do reduce spending and.