the twenty four hours a day this is r t you live in moscow top stories this hour the u.s. congress passes the debt limit bill to avoid default after months of political bickering but critics say america's still faces harsh times ahead over economic recovery despite a compromise to. the u.n. security council debates a resolution on syria following the escalation of violence that russia says any decision must meet the interests of the syrian people. and israel is seized by the

tidal wave of anti-government protests demanding sweeping economic reform and demonstrations complained that some of the discontent is not even crossed over by the international media. blogger got caught with more news stories motive and less than thirty minutes from now in the meantime we travel through one of history's chapters as we explore the notorious concentration camps of the former soviet union . the summer of one nine hundred fifty three soviet leader joseph stalin passed away one hundred days ago mosco has sent classified instructions to every corner of the soviet union a biography of a man whose name is often mentioned only whispers is to be removed from the great soviet encyclopedia and steroid. state security martial of n.t. beriah used to supervise the us has or through locks and the entire repression machine of a soviet union. many episodes of his life and the circumstances of his death are

still couched in mystery. this army bunker in central moscow is more than ten meters underground leonti beriah found himself here soon after his arrest in the kremlin there was no chance of escape or help from the outside. area was interrogated by none other than the soviet union's prosecutor general. one of the initial charges put against him was force participation in widespread political repression. this list contains the name so for the six people fear is your instruction the rest everybody there is also an old saying first category which means education.

i confess that all those resolutions were approved by myself in person. or volumes of the dairy case would fill a couple of such ills. here you can find records of interrogations ended dykeman's they feel for some reason most of these materials have not yet been declassified. the beria case is a peculiar one. to be found normally prisoners have their pictures taken from the front inside various case on the other hand contains only this photo looks as though it was taken from a family album. supports the theory that has been rumored for half a century she claims beriah was never interrogated and the trial itself was a skillfully executed performance involving a body double. well baby who was it somebody was indeed taken for

a question in the summer where he always wore a cloak and hat and his face was he didn't behind a scoff at that like this would you but why did they need to do it in summer yes it's clear that officers peak in from day rooms couldn't see that the man was not very tall. for victims of political persecution various name was synonymous with the repressions that swept everything away in their path in the one nine hundred thirty s. those who survived the tropical years cannot forget the horrors that played them in the period the night and whisper of black vans pulling up to the house tenants are branded without warning charged for spying on the behalf of foreign intelligence services all of them would either face execution or end up in a prison camp. such events would and to the courtyard during the night i was but a child then but i still have very vivid memories of them i was so scared that it couldn't send off the tragedy that out will be made so no matter how hard they try

to all. of us life story is typical of a whole generation her father took part in the one nine hundred seventeen bolshevik revolution as his career progressed he rose to the upper ranks but ultimately it meant little in the one nine hundred thirty s. stalin had begun to get rid of the old guard of his predecessor vladimir lenin all families were being arrested. more with your release one shows me in prison. as the daughter of anime is of the people you would know my father wasn't the only one they had arrested what oh well that's exactly what the judge told me don't are of animus of the people who go. the picturesque region in the caucasus. under stalin was compelled to join georgia. three decades before that celebrity burial had been born

here in the village of america will high in the mountains. for nearly forty years atari come taria taught at the local school it stood side by side with a house where the beria family lived in the hope i can't remember anything negative about the lover and he was a good kid when he grew up i'll just go and settle down to study their. soviet leaders were fond of vacationing up has here. as he is leader nestor introduced the young hopeful levante beriah to his old friends talent the two met here in one thousand thirty one by that time barry had already shown his worth by working in local state security agencies. where we wrote a letter to nuss the local lady he ordered this and all the letters that he found the destroy in their letter and various nester to put in a word for him so that stalin forget the needham those letters of survived i've seen them all. stalin took note of the young activists soon after the burial was

appointed head of the georgian communist party. immediately began planting loyalists in camp posts as for the man who had introduced him to stalin beria now considered him a nuisance. and december nine hundred thirty six very invited nestor like oh but to dinner a few hours later suddenly felt sick. what everybody in our pas you knew that he had been for isn't there and people know what they truly report it to doctors who say it is much a bunch of gods and similar gee if i were eliminated there and then. body was taken from the georgian capital to have has the area where it was given a state funeral in sioux whom satanical gardens that was shortly before nine hundred thirty seven the year of the most massive political crackdown in the soviet union we were what it was a hero's funeral the way to read from tbilisi but he didn't turn out for it i think

he was afraid of retribution afterwards doesn't recall with a declared an enemy of the people who are on the road. this is the start of mass repression. is a black sea resort in the past in the one nine hundred thirty s. local steer clear of this building just outside town. writer sergei chicken dance he has found out that so-called political prisoners were kept here in the basement of the interior ministry's local television. as soon as all the paperwork was signed off on the condemned. from these basements and shot right here on this spot in the limestone pits by the seashore. your e bay area has spent his whole life here after he was labeled

a son of an enemy of the people he lived with the stigma for fifteen years he was stripped of many rights such as being barred from studying at a legal institute. his family home was deserted in one thousand thirty seven fifteen relatives all of whom were well to do peasants were shot for refusing to join soviet collective farms the crackdown on enemies of the people in this region was especially harsh all the while stalin and beria vacationed in nearby colleges. let's get that has been that when i was a school boy i saw the area several times he would come here with a wegen load of border guards and the area always wore eyeglasses who would go down the road with his hands behind his back and look like a man wanting to boss everybody around. for many years whenever a has in families got together even mentioning the names of relatives spread of as enemies of the people was dangerous nowadays when guests visit yuri benny as grants

and hands him a vessel in the form of a horn reserved for special occasions. the guests drink wine from simple looking glasses but the first toast has no festive undertones they're going to drink wine to commemorate the victims of their oppressions unleashed by stalin and beria. today we remember all the roles who are oppressed in the prime of their lives the time has come for us to name their names without having to worry about a new crackdown. let us never forget them. moscow lubyanka square house number two. this is the headquarters of the soviet union secret police beriah took charge of this government department in one nine

hundred thirty it after moving to the soviet capital from georgia he was originally educated as a builder but i like his fanatical predecessors who took a more practical approach to. his work. in the one nine hundred thirty eight and the reign of terror against under beriah it didn't come to an end but was less message in scope and was no focused on particular tasks there it's a system and incorporated into the soviet economy. one of lot of near lemons associates and turn of cinco was executed in one thousand thirty eight his son anton spent nearly thirteen years in the go like he knows from his own experience how soviet economic progress was achieved in the one nine hundred thirty s. and the price paid for it he worked at numerous giant construction sites and was almost blind when he left prison camp you know each day we worked for twelve hours on end it was their own trip from the barracks and back behind green exhausted he

meets just go out into a plank bed the whole time they were with thoughts about whether their wives and children would not be thrown out into the street simply because they were related to an enemy of the people and. burial was also behind the establishment of secret research bureaus scientists and academics were rounded up on invented charges and forced into un paid labor. author of the gulag archipelago alexander solzhenitsyn spent several years in one of them. needless to say having to work in confinement it was a negative experience for scientists under the stalwarts moreover many of them were arrested as an excuse to make them work in those outfits were horrible pro they saw it as a chance to be released and of besides they were better chances for survival there than in a regular prison camp scientists were given better food and the work was not as harsh. one of barriers top secret projects was

a toxicological love or tree of the n.k.v.d. . here scientists tested poisons on people sentenced to bath later top soviet leaders authorized the use of such poisons and politically motivated assassinations . the laboratory head is on record as reporting the following some one hundred convicts were used for the purpose more than half of them died as a result of the experiments. i wish to state categorically that i knew nothing about it. wouldn't people bury it was later told i received instructions from above who cause i guess it was stalling has told him to supply the n.k.v.d. with poisons tested on humans are. you. today a significant number of russian communists are campaigning to have beria

exhilarated they feel he was one of stalin's best managers but modern day communists preferred not to mention the price people paid for various kind of order . at the border which period treated people as nothing but a coggs in a machine that's the way people were treated during those years whenever beriah was given a job to do he just did it and that's. shortly before the end of world war true burial was given a top secret job. overseeing the development of the soviet atomic bomb. stalin ordered beriah to coordinate the cooperation between soviet spies that were hunting out scientific information in the west and the u.s.s.r. as nuclear physicists only a few people knew about various tasks. if

. it is evening. if you. need. hungry for the full story we've got it first hand the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers. of. kazakstan the secret military facilities so many collections twenty one was built under barriers watchful our. initial preparations for secret tests got underway by the summer of one thousand nine hundred forty nine

. the aim was to achieve nuclear power to be as soon as possible with the united states which already had the bomb. to be really had to meet the deadline if you don't need a deadline they told us you'll wish you were dead. on august twenty ninth one thousand forty nine at the same a pull out in space i think has a stand command bunker if the order to settle. here way three none of those present had ever seen anything like it we were is done hundred the explosion but we remain shocked for a long time that. this is one of the caricature is depicting beriah style of management here he is shown dressing subordinates down for poor performance. the

cartoonist was executed as an enemy of the people back in one nine hundred thirty eight beriah didn't think nearly as much of humor as he did of flattery. and today we honor one such person whose deeds are immense and his name is love rain seen here. and this time feeling a little bit confused if truth though it seems that it's common to be praised in such music as and i have to live with it. one of the few people who have been guts to collide with beria head on was dr pilcher kept pizza who would later be awarded the nobel prize in physics he was one of the chiefs of the soviet atomic project and its initial stages when the scientists complained just alan about beria instantly became the worst enemy in various ice. covered beery ashes the conductor's baton in his hands for that's not bad but then

the scientist must play first violin the conductor's job is not only willing to put on but also understanding discord understanding scores is not very a strong point. army general who used to tell. the story he was installing office went to represent dean and began cursing computes that there is shot it i've had enough of him it's high time he was dealt with stalin set firmly i'll take care of it but leave him alone. in the spring of one nine hundred fifty three style and dives even though his body had not yet been buried a power struggle unfolded between his close associates with barry at the forefront . of. the spoiled relations with all those who had been in stalin's inner circle everything he did after stalin's death or the fact that he was pursuing his own agenda. is interior ministry even collected compromising materials to discredit his

opponents they gave rise to conspiracy theories that he sought to seize power. in the end his former associates saw beriah as a threat they decided to strip him of power by resorting to the very methods he used to deal with opponents. beria was dubbed the foreign spy acting against the interests of the soviet union charge a typically been used against most of the political prisoners that ended up in gulags. this is how i found out there is a rest. talking about god knows inappropriate. well i said that i think got into providence when i made inquiries in the commandments office where i wasn't for amnesty. i was surprised to hear this is he'll be ok so red bull in. central moscow today this building houses the chinese even embassy in russia but from the one nine hundred thirty s.

until his arrest it was libretti barrios residence none of his relative saw him alive after he was detained later that gave rise to rumors claiming the barrier had been shot in his home before he was due to be arrested. two armored personnel carriers with soldiers inside crèche with a gate leading into the courtyard security personnel rushed out of the house to see what was going on we know very came to the window to investigate the commotion at that moment she was hit by machine gunfire it was a military like operation. most historians do not subscribe to that theory one of them nikita petroff has found out that a girl living in a house across the road from the mansion of the interior minister saberi injuring his trial be sure broke into tears after burial made a drawing of a college there. while you were being your silly girl if some weakening had got hold of you it would have given you your due it's all those words some of their it better than anything else. he surprised me of the

joys of childhood indeed as you look into his evil deeds taken who took his moral characteristics he's a pervert and man children. do you admit that you committed a crime against his dog. i only admit that i shouldn't have had contact with the us dollar but i supported her materially on a regular basis. during interrogation beriah confirmed that he had had numerous liaisons for many years now eagerly approaching co has been trying to prove that the notorious former secret police chief is his grandfather according to him very i met his grandmother in one of the secret towns in the urals when he was on a business trip there. you can exclude in the areas that used to be

behind these buildings there is a fair chance that my grandmother was among them. wearing tea very often showed up in the street. with more likely than not he met my grandmother here. he fathered a son my father is come there that he will. never saw his father he was raised by adoptive parents who never discuss the matter many still see lauching go as a fraud. is one of the most active defenders of various names and he is still quite sure the barrier is his grandfather. who had moved some time ago i was even playing with the idea of changing my name but i was advised to take a d.n.a. test first so that the result could be backed up with official papers no i said a few on none other than a beary and i'm dead sure of it without any tests. episodes

of rape and extra marital relations have little effect on the outcome of various trial is former associates in the kremlin had already sealed his fate shortly before he was arrested the prosecutor's office and the judge simply rubber stamp their decision many saw barry as too dangerous to let him live. the whole affair came to a logical conclusion you think if you have a vicious attitude towards others be ready to face the same attitude in return in this case paris fell victim to the lawless system that he himself had protested and developed a show of the world. one of various most brutal deeds came to light not long ago after the declassification of special archives this folder containing the so-called caton case was handed over to poland shortly before the breakup of the soviet union

one of the documents is a member written by beria in its he suggest the execution of more than twenty thousand poles who ended up in soviet captivity in the autumn of one nine hundred thirty nine. top secret. to cameron stalin the polish prisoners of war are trying to continue their counter revolutionary activity everybody's eagerly looking forward to their release to be able to join the struggle against the soviet government the aim kavi deal the use of sardines it's necessary to subject them to execution as the last sanction of the law signed the area people's commie sorrow internal affairs it will no doubt these are was sent to documents i'm sure stalin authorized various proposal to execute polish army soldiers officers and other military personnel. the polish army officers were taken prisoner by soviet troops it happened after

a secret agreement was signed in august one thousand thirty nine between the soviet union and hitler's germany to divide poland into spheres of influence. thousands of captive poles found themselves in soviet camps soon afterwards the soviet repression machine jettisoned that unnecessary and burdensome palace the father of renowned polish film director and jay vida was among the polls shot by barrios man . people will tell you that i mean unlike my father most of those taken prisoner were not career offices rather they represented the polish intelligentsia. they were university professors high school teachers actors and artists among them the insurance was who had been drafted into the army in one thousand and thirty nine. yet another project thought by various sowed the seeds of an interest in a conflict between georgians and has ins in the caucasus on his orders hundreds of

families were forcibly moved from georgia to a pass here in the nineteen thirty's and forty's following the devastation caused by mass repressions there that triggered the erosion and simulation of the i pads in population. the houses that were built under the project have survived or not has he is rural areas to this day but nobody lives there now. not old enough through the village residence still refer to them as various houses the aim of the resettlement policy was to make sure that as many georgians as possible were settled and i was in religious. various time bomb eventually went off in the one nine hundred ninety s. half a century later. the civil war that broke out then drove georgians out of up has here. their publics infrastructure was almost completely destroyed. today there is a monument to those who died in

a war and mass oppression is outside each village. as from area there are no monuments to him alive has he and now there is not even a trace of his parental house in the village of america. for your normal love renfield various hells used to stand behind all those ruined building where you are battle now nothing but a little weeds girl there. neither man nor beast there venture through their. people enough to respect long running traditions in accordance with one of them dead people deserve either praise or no mention at all the only reminder to this day of stalin's right hand man of ranchi beriah are ruins and waste land from nothing else.