welcome back you with all the live from moscow a quick rundown now about top stories the head of the e.u. calls for yet more money to be made available to struggling economies italy and spain slide towards debt distress down the cost of borrowing songs. from the u.n. it condemns the use of force against civilians in syria and calls on all sides to end hostilities samit continued violence across the country. and

a failed palestinian suicide bomber tells us about her new mission for peace after being caught before detonating a device she says she wants to use a second chance to promote tolerance between israelis and palestinians. i know next year on our t.v. meet the man in charge of protecting the unique ecosystem of lake baikal to find out how the largest source of freshwater on earth can be saved from growing industrial pollution and watching out. for. them. how again a welcome to spotlight the into the show on aussie i'm out here not mentioning my

guest is me how you'll sleep in. the world's biggest container of fresh water lake baikal is under threat the first danger comes from the saloon is factually polluting the pure water with a lethal dyaks just the second coming from energy companies who seem to be ready to harm the eco system all the way for the sake of producing several more killed just last year plus adopted a special program to protect police but what has been done and as it is now is the chair of the board of trustees out lake baikal protection found sleeping. the world's deepest leak can still boost water regional subjects but it may come to an end at any moment the cellulose factory spitting out waste water full of deadly chemicals strays into the lake undermining its unique ecology the russian government has set a goal to help play by called become politically get but mani short. here's where

private investments to help one of russia's richest man cares about by call these ready to pump in cash aid development and the environment. because you know mrs clinton should thank you for being with us today we're going to discuss a very important matter which relates not only to russians but the entire world as well. led by carl is something every person on the earth of miners if it's in the same category as the pyramids in egypt or other i felt our why did you decide to protect played by call here from siberia but your hometown is very far from the lake so why. is it a truck you so much. the question is very much to the point which i'm glad that you're familiar with the subject indeed it's quite far from lake baikal. is in western siberia whereas lakes is in eastern siberia but you reason actually goes

back to my childhood when i decided to be a traveler for this purpose i study geography. so this is actually what you major day. oh i hold any green geography i always wanted to be an oceanographer so i don't presently everything there is to know about jacques cousteau and all russian oceanographers but somehow i never became an oceanographer in specializing in and very little protection instead and then in the late one nine hundred ninety s. . as you know russia was going through a difficult time so i saw this movie was treat and became a financial suit the book the economist today i'm a doctor of economics. so when i finally managed to put together these two things my desire to score the world in my ability to finance this work i came up with this idea to use near submersibles to

explore late waco. its service several purposes. and a groom that has value and in the same time it helps raise awareness of the problems by call residents are facing. a call has a special status and there are fifteen different agencies in charge of it because they don't have one authority they would also be apart from the president of course . that's willing because it requires special attention and. mention this dive to the bottom of lake baikal thought it was a unique project and was actually worth putting in the guinness book of records by the way they actually put this in the book right. it's going to yes they have put it in the russian book of records look. as good as what the guinness book to order other than being a record just for the events in the by called i have any practical scientific value to this we have for institutes working on this project in asia there is

a research program in the course of three years one hundred seventy five dives took place in most areas point to lake baikal that hundred seventy five thousand yes hundred seventy five. of course in the one nine hundred ninety s. an exploration was conducted with places submersibles in the number of dives was much lower. today near is the best research deep submergence vehicles they're equipped with state of the earth equipment and presented it research in the condesa immediate area and there are environmentally friendly which is also important for three years two submarines have explored the lake and spot light. reports and these unique vessels right. then we are submersibles are quite a rare product of corporation between the two with the sun and the west you are in the cold war they were developed in the soviet union and built in finland and meant

in eighty seven during the twenty four years of their existence they put dissipated in some historic expeditions in the mid one nine hundred ninety s. the mir vessels were used by american producer james cameron to found the wreck of titanic in two thousand and seven the submersibles carried out a dangerous mission in the arctic when they went forty three hundred meters under the ice to get to some poles of soil and water russian scientists on board one of the vessels planted a symbol cleg on the seabed of one of. the most recent big expedition of the two subs has been too late by call for three years in the room russian scientists have been diving to the bottom of one of the oldest and certainly the largest and deepest. fresh want to bodies in the world subs searched for new plants and examined. my calls one. what is the bottom of lake baikal look like. nobody had actually seen it prior to

your extradition did you make any breathtaking discoveries there. there were many discoveries and i believe more will be made later it was to have increased all the data we've collected. to give you just one example during the first dive it was down a device show with the bottom of the depth of four hundred meters which while we expected it to thousand six hundred thirty four meters i was puzzled but it turned out that there was a thick layer of plankton on reflecting the signal at four hundred meters and then the same things happened again the depth of one thousand meters. has layers like a party it has a natural filter that keep it clean and those layers because of different temperatures possibly we don't know that yet all we know is that there are thick layers of playing it on and then fish feed on the plants on and so on and the cycle

goes on you know and he can africa has the same georgics truck sure but fish live only in the upper layer of two hundred meters because below that level there's too just too much hydrogen sulfide they baikal isn't it unique ecosystem because this water has enough oxygen even at the bottom of what was you saw that these pictures show the bottom of lake baikal and there's a ship the bottom indeed there is in fact there are some in them and fish like who start their day this or face and go to the bottom and return to the surface in the evening eating different things along the way the squid how could handle pressure difference somehow it can do that and should explode this fish is unique because it's ninety percent fat in the past people used to dry it in the candles of it so there's fish depths. and this is because in the fall when the surface goes down the upper layer becomes heavier than deeper layers and lays next there were other discoveries as well for example we have discovered a large number of living organisms that hadn't been known so far it will probably

mean nothing to you in myself but there's still discoveries. for instance chris stevens they call the bottom so nobody had been able to collect them in the past any species or sponge that we've been unaware of. so one. of the problems. i see the most outstanding discovery we're guess hydrates and those seeps at the bottom of lake baikal. also it was interesting to explore the geological history of the bottom structure we used to think that lake baikal had always been that way about but it's not true there used to be three separate lakes their. jurisdictions attract a lot of media attention including television and peace part of that is because many v.i.p.'s are involved in this work the president mongolia prime minister putin james cameron. to them it was mostly an adventure. but did their

participation in your project have any practical value for your work. so that. when delayed because protection fund those expeditions one of the projects other than science was to raise awareness of the problems with the lake among world leaders. so when prime minister putin joined the expedition he gets firsthand experience of it by call. someone. so you're asking for money i never ask anyone for money i earn money. but what about the fund then he promised to give you a billion rejected. it's different we wanted him to see how people live at lake baikal into perhaps introduce him changes to the legislation. that following his immersion some funds were allocated for research a play by karl and i'm very happy about it going president. was the first president

ever to do that in lake baikal rules with michael. and i just couldn't i was prime minister of the supreme unit yes and he was the first top level official to do that . you know we should anyway didn't go in president's head he realized how interconnected we all are of course we are divided by national and initiative borders i say the selling which is the largest river that flows into a bicultural as a source in mongolia and therefore the women go ahead with the sailing effects they buy cars i have a good idea you died with the prime minister say to the death of a thousand meters after a while he asks what are we doing about the surface do we have enough oxygen and you ask him will you give us the money yeah people ask us about that we tell them the data is free it's going back to the surface they have to pay for says me sales slip in shook the chairman of the board of trustees by kulp affection spotlight

we'll be back shortly after the break so we'll continue this interview in less than a minute. more news today violence is once again flared up. these are the images and seeing from the streets of canada. child support for asians are the day.

the people of the united states and their friends and allies will not live at the mercy of an outlaw regime that threatens the peace with weapons of mass murder his regime as an active program to acquire and develop nuclear weapons and let there be no doubt about we know for a fact there are limits there. as we're just being ferried out of the direction of dr david kay respected scientist and former u.n. inspector was leading the weapons search in iraq we are determined to take this apart we have a tremendous a group of dedicated american men and women involved in this with the best assets of the intelligence community can provide. data cheney is not going to be done with this for quite some time david kay wants more time and he says it could take another six to nine months to make a definitive finding ministration is asking congress for hundreds of millions more six hundred million dollars to fund the continuing search have not yet found shiny pointy things that i would call

a weapon before we can draw from conclusions we need to let the iraq survey group complete its work. we were all wrong probably in my judgment. and that is most disturbing. sometimes the true patriot takes the unpopular course but helps the country avoid mistakes and even if they come this way at least the track patriotism is the last refuge of scoundrels and i think these are scoundrels they have no argument now they have no defense for what they did the country is in a terrible international security situation but i think it's perilous so they're attacking the patriotism of others.

welcome back to the spotlight i love you know of in just the way that my guest in the studio today is me are you sleeping chook the chairman of the board of trustees of the lake baikal protection fund. this once you've been through what. we just now saw mr cameron the film director on the screen he took part in your expeditions as far as i know you have become quite close with. he suggested using mere submersibles and the other russian technologies to help with the oil spill in the gulf of mexico but for some reason that didn't work out. do you know why what happens. mears are indeed the best and the most reliable submersibles there for levels of protection and the only problem is you need a kia ship for them other than that it would be easy because they can be quickly delivered anywhere in the world in response planes. you see so you also need

a mothership yes you need a mothership so that's one reason but actually even that is not a problem i think the main reason why the idea was rejected is because of some commercial considerations in arrogance probably british petroleum was reluctant to use russian technologies anyway i think they managed to deal with the problem but this is a big lesson for the future we must be aware of their commercial considerations to have a very negative effect on a life. you just said they are very safe and i think they are safe if you invite presidents and prime ministers for pleasure rides there must be no danger involved otherwise they would have never allowed me to do that so they are very safe except that when we dive at the north pole i think the guys who dived there were real heroes because getting back to the surface through an ice whole nation twenty by twenty meters from the depths of four thousand two hundred meters is technically a very difficult thing to do but they did it. was it so. difficult powerful

computers g.p.s. and all that was the problem let me explain radio waves can propagate underwater only have a sound waves hydro caustics and those have the reach of one point five kilometers at the most. of course we had a team that traveled by helicopter drilled the ice and installed transponders to help the guys down there find the ice hole but still those three kilometers at the bottom when they were diving they were without a radio link. you mean they could be carried away. that's right they could have been carried away by the current and would have been very difficult to find them and so he said to leave each of the men who had designed near said it is unlikely that somebody will be able to repeat that before the arctic ice melts away did you find any artifacts at the bottom. made by color of the north pole and unfortunately i didn't get to dive at the north pole even though i took

part in the expedition but in lake baikal we devoted two dives to looking for artifacts and we did see some things we saw real way cars dating back to the time of nicholas second so on the bottom six hundred meters below the surface but we weren't able to lift anything to the surface they don't have any mementos it's home from the bottom to you there should be something you know when. you found a fishing where he's got a souvenir cattle but it was something i wanted to take from the bottom laid by cause as good as a bell from the titanic. you know they say that the biggest threat. comes from the. black in the sixty's so again give us some of made a film about it yes by the way. so this struggle started a very long time ago back in the soviet period and it's not clear who's right and who's wrong on the one hand you're in business now so you understand what business is want on the other hand you're head of the buy call protection front is it

possible to reach a compromise say. is it possible to provide other jobs for a thousand people working. like i said earlier the lake has an effective fighting system to definitely be able to cope with the pollution that comes from the paper but this doesn't mean that the lake should be used to the benefit of one company there are a huge number of business opportunities we're not using for just tourism and when we see steel pipes we're still within twenty kilometers of the mill we know that lake baikal cannot be clean so of course then we'll has to go on the problem is how to provide jobs for the people because unfortunately it's hard to find a job in east to say bierria. it's a matter of government policy so they came up with this crazy idea. there is this law on gambling zones so we turned this paper mill into another gambling zone. will kill two birds with one stone. first who shot down

a plane that causes damage to the environment and second will boost tourism you call it a crazy idea but i think that the whole idea of setting up those gambling zones was crazy in the first place so in this context your idea is just following the general trend anyway this way we'll be able to shut down the paper mill in effect people. as if we managed to make a scene out of moscow which we haven't been able to do so far that's not my job anyway i like your idea why not it's far from moscow far from big cities i think it's realistic in addition i'm sure that the airports. today will immediately add new flights to asian countries which will be very helpful because the way it is now all habs are in moscow to get from tomsk to talk you have to go through moscow did you know that you. mention tourism and how do you attract tourists by kahlil it's really a very remote place. on the other hand people from moscow do fly to resorts of the

dominican republic. it's a ten hour flight to which there is a government program for tourists and recreation zones currently in new tourist and recreation zone is being built near to the place we used as a base for many years the infrastructure is already there next year they will start building hotels convention centers it cetera so little by little this problem of attracting tourists to my culture is being resolved. know about logistics yes it takes five and a half hours to fly from moscow to lake baikal. still closer than cuba right and then there will be tourists from southeast asia and japanese companies are already developing a route from one of the two on but or with a capacity of ten thousand tourists a year i'm sure that people from southeast asia who have never seen snow would be interested in going there just to to see the snow people from singapore taiwan etc but there are no ski resorts nearby co-write. there are two places there is

mountain beach here on the eastern shore and there is a slope near the paper mill is functioning. the only problem is there is this bad smell coming from the paper no base where we need to shut it down you say that's called can cope with the pollution that comes from the paper mill. but if played by coal really becomes a mecca for tourists we'll be able to cope with all the pollution that comes from tourists hotels dumping their waste into the lake while this was somehow are able to cope with all the tourist coming to the geneva you know i recently was in geneva where by the way your music is going to die soon and i asked what do you need submersibles for because the water is very clear and they told me that the water there is clear because of quicksilver it turns out that they geneva is even more polluted than the most corridor there's almost no fish in it i'm not sure about it that's what they told me the one near is go there and die anyway the only kind of tourism that exists in the baikal area today is camping people live in tents. and

fire is like i said literally sure i'm sure that if we have properly organized tourism with rules and proper oversight they will be one of the best places in russia and all russian people want to visit it. another problem another issue another thread to buy call our hydro power plants as far as i know there are three downs there already built they say the fish is no longer able to swim up the river . and into lake baikal because of the downs they say that the word level and what i call has risen by a meter and that is causing problems to told you when we die we discover three levels of separated at six hundred meters and eight hundred meters that means that by color has been changing for some time it's a change of the eco system it is problem at the moment is that haitian research should produce to fry fisheries used to be state owned but now they are being privatized private business men will ever produce the fry and then release it into

the river unless there is a government order that's what we should pay attention to as for the under a river i do not think the situation may have more impact than it has now. there is a government program or a decree regulation saying that level of lake baikal can only change within the range of one meter is that something that hydro power plants control. yes. and they don't like it because they can generate more profit with bigger fluctuations. logging this issue do you do something about that. i think any changes to a great cull are bad for the eco system not like water business people. are against free enterprise which it is that the dams were built back in the soviet times. is the same kind of situation as with a paper mill in change to the eco system means that the amount of fish will decrease and in addition this causes problems with people living near the. so we

need to shave a compromise we need to regulate the situation. so. i don't get it in the water rises in such a big lake of way meter or even half a meter this means thousands of square kilometers get flooded just happened ever mostly where the water level rises because of those dams and breast dam another student depending on their seasonal needs for power generation the most is on my i think we should pay for it. let him pay to digital but if you want to change the water level a great calls which we should pay for it what you want the problem let him say thank you very much for being with us and just to remind that way guest of the show today was me a real sleeping child the chairman of the board of trustees of the lake baikal protection and that's a butt out from all of us plus life will be back with more threats that comment on what's going on in and outside russia and so when they are to take it

it as .