it will be the one storm in a generation where thousands ordered to meet the city's public transport on subway tracks. and the republic of congo has its hopes on its newly elected president faces a time tosk of rebuilding the country's economy from the former vice president examined on. politics here with a hope about its present two rivals tunisia and. stories this hour up next with the russian compton who saved all the passengers of his plane when his engines failed in may to at.

hello again to spotlight. today my guest is. six years ago two russian scientists. discovered a revolutionary material called. last week they were awarded a nobel prize in physics for what is likely to lucian ice. today. are packing their bags to collect their million pounds. is joining us. from england. born in russia he sent in the muscle of his father was an engineer while his mother was a teacher after graduating with honors from the moscow physical technical university. at a scientific research center in the in moscow two years later he moved to the netherlands way he met another russian scientist on drug game and whose guidance he

continues to work the do physicists later moved to the university of manchester in the u.k. to continue their research six years ago game discovered graffiti for which they were awarded the euro physics prize there to receive the world's most prestigious scientific award the nobel prize for producing graphene which can rival silicon as a basis of computer chips so perhaps there's sense in letting silicon valley stay american but making griffin valley a more russian creation at skolkovo. welcome to the show thank you very much for being with us. pleasure. first of all have you already got yourself a toke see the oh maybe you got one and of the too much too many of our other problems. i would i would appreciate some advice ok. well the russian government as far as you know i'm sure

is attempting to create a sort of a silicon valley here outside moscow well do you think it may be a better idea now to to to create a new graphene value rather than silicon valley. from a graffiti is of called the a priority of words silicon really would be you would require we would you would know you have published a paper describing. describing your your your invention your work well five years ago right so. far five years what have you been doing since what where are you now with your research is it another good scene or is something else that horse that was only the beginning of what we showed in the paper is that we can produce this material apparently. this material got so many from passing properties that

we were still styler in for the last six years i guess we are going to started or people who go into a study twelve for the next ten twenty or you or you or more years or so so you still are working on a graffiti on the same on the serious subject you are so so you know moving you're not moving to be measured follow from the subject. unfortunately norther and the main problem is that i guess the most interesting experiment is still had a fossil of cause this prize really. brings us a little bit behind on this in this rush to get to those were nice experiments can you tell us what is this that made experiment frankly speaking for every single research. might be their own type of experiments because this this material or has

a number of very different but very simple properties the mechanical properties the optical properties the. electronic properties for me is the combination between mechanical and electronic properties which are the most interesting constantin you easier said than a minute ago that you were in this in this paper of yours for which you got the nobel prize you said that you said i quote we can produce good feeling but as far as i know you are not producing anything or you are interested in production or you just interested in research. well we do research on this material bugs in order to start our experiments we need to produce those samples first so of course the sample production the production of all this material is quite a port and. very often the most important parts or for our research you said that you have to produce enough material for your research but one of your

colleagues in the united kingdom i quote said in this age of complexity with the machines like the super collider these guys managed to get the nobel prize using just sellotape so. is it true do you really that's. yes that's absolutely true and furthermore i guess a cheaper sounds good eighty percent of researchers across the world who do graffiti and it's actually it's a it's a huge subject you know they but they still use this solitary methods issue introduce which we introduced in two thousand and four and you also still use sellotape in europe. in most cases yes and like it in greek. you have a year do you have enough sellotape now or you still do you still have to do to

pick pick it out out of garbage beds room got an exclusive supply from a few companies ok now. why are you called garbage scientists you know this label garbage scientists is it is it really because beer because you you pulled your first samples are the garbage bin or what is it. yes probably and i totally don't don't don't come although nobody tells us brave enough to say to me two twenty phrases. totally totally foreign was being called like this it's an interesting story we were gods it is indeed rooted our colleague electioneer ski who was working with us at the time. during experiments on the way how he clean graphite from the floor in this cellar table with pieces of is

a sort of graphite into the bin and basically what we've done we've picked a top and. made our first samples from from those that so so you don't regard this next day mad as being insulting to you know absolutely no i don't i don't care how people call in ok you know can you tell us when did you realize that what you were doing is really a revolution in physics did you ever realizing it. well. you see we are quite lucky you know all the stuff we can afford to work result thinking about producing area lucian physics we can't afford to work just because we were really really like it and already the very first experiments are true. than it was was those samples made from those first tapes

we realize that we have something extremely interesting and you know hands. you took us to probably easier or you win more to get the fields graph and samples bods the interest in physics and you can see in the very. first experiments ok how many people except you and game contributed to this graphene research because as far as i know usually one or two people get the nobel prize but actually it's a it's a company of like dozens of people is it the case with you. oh yes here i was that it was a pool of great researchers of fantastic people who were doing those first experiments you see i don't think that. the prize is due in just on the merits of the one experiment so rouer doing very interesting physics over the over the whole all over the years. in that we we actually i especially want to think should

be more of it in the grid or who've been working with us for for quite a long time and. also have a great pool of protons to produce humans and poles dogs who from all over the world with us but this science is no. this is this this area so vast now that we rely you know experiments not on the on the on our results we do rely on the results of all the community and it is you know it consists of four with hundreds of labs across the world so are you going to split the million quid you hey going to get it yet is that it's well it's million dollars leigh i i'm sort of so busy at the moment i didn't know or thought it's. thought about this and really come hard here ok

you're a teacher and now your colleague andrew again said i quote that graphene has all the potential to change our life the same way plastics did in the twentieth century so do you think that the twenty first century will be there the the age of graffitied the age of game and know myself. oh yeah absolutely griffin changed our lives to come completely dramatically so we've had one plastic time over the last few years and we arrive to a very small one which is which is quite good as well but seriously i think. it does have a great for potential we still don't realize. how large is this potential i don't want to speculate about its place in silicon or with griffin there are

fossil wolken complicated questions that. as i said already there are quite a few properties of this material which are unique but it's mechanical up to code electronic and it will find its applications because you never saw the nobel prize winner in physics this year spotlight will be back shortly right after the break so stay with them down. to the. maximum velocity.

maximum efficiency. ability. to denmark my skills. in technology to complete. the future. download the official auntie allocation to your body so i pod touch from the accuser amps to. the jollity lights on the good. video on demand r.t.s. minefield comes an r.s.s. feed now in the palm of your. machine on the dot com. welcome back to spotlight on al gore not in just

a reminder that my guests today via satellite link from from manchester is constantin number still of the man who was awarded a nobel prize in physics this year. consensus well i know that you both you he you andrei game the colleagues you have just mentioned telling us about your team most of them are russians and i know that you even a work of the so-called russian floor at the inverse steve manchester although about trees now that by russians so you are a british citizens game is a dutch citizen but do consider yourself still to did to be russian or or british where i don't know european awhile. do you think i i definitely consider myself russian. i'm british as well and we are of a lot to russian education too. and that sounds

absolutely. but you chose to go to continue your work in england because what because the university you're in now gives you more research possibilities what else what if you compare well you already said in a couple of interviews that that the russian system of training in physics is the best in the world but after you trained compare russian and european british what are the differences. first of all let me let me tell you that it is absolutely normal practice that scientists draw from one lab to another to learn different techniques and obtain different skills i can tell you that if you get ph d. in holland for instance you want to be able to continue as opposed the get there because you would have to by law you would have to go away from the country ok

there are some some some some researchers of course applied. was the to the major difference or probably one of the one of the good thing for me about. western system of science it's all pointless and so so easy to move from one university to to another and definitely help in transfer in the knowledge of the skills and the technology and it's it's it's it's one of the key issues in a more them science well president medvedev when he was speaking well a couple of days ago i think it was the national teachers day was he was presenting awards to the best teachers in russia he he said a couple of words of a yale you and the game and he said well it's a pity that those russian guys actually got their prize working abroad and he said

i would like to see more and more russian scientists working in russia getting the same possibilities the same funny advantages and what do you feel the do you share the same concern with our president. i would say that did you should you should do it more broadly i should say that. in the in wired's back to russia not only russian scientists but we should in the wired the best scientists. back to russia and that that includes russian british american who else science is very different vision is international and you always get a war always want to get the best result and the best results are produced by the best people and you cannot rely on one nationality only in this in this process you have to you master the best people as well the really mentioned results

of brain drain from russia is that russian scientists are increasingly uncritically cited in world scientific press and in world scientific publications but since all these scientists are now abroad most of them are abroad does it mean that the younger generation of russian scientists would may not be as successful as you are . two points just toward north all the russian side is broad there are huge number of from past in from the good scientists who work in the russia that's i totally disagree with you on this point and second as i said already exchange of scientists is not about things that's absolute can or practice brain drain is nor is not about the the berthing is the is no a real us promises that scientists are coming back to russia and shoot him

a sure russia fantastic school of science we should share it with the war but we also have to get something back from the war and we need to unwired best the best people and i don't think that. makes a big issue here constantin the russian government the kremlin has been pretty much obsessed by nana technologies over the last couple of years and many people a journalist has been pretty sort of casting at there about this obsession with managed to tell a gee do you think that investing into nanotechnology is really the right thing to do for the russian government today. well i guess as you probably misread all this all this initiative. you always need a big flag and i call the the main idea behind this is it is to invest to technology in general and it's the correct things it will be absolutely wrong of

course to invest into knowledge of knowledge ian forget completely about microbes acknowledge your own forgot about ataturk knowledge and concentrate only about on this time minus nine preference. so invest in technology as long as it was was some science is is a perfectly good idea e you said that year didn't even know there for the ten minutes ago the amount of the money will get within the prize that that means that you are not at all interested in money and in business nature you are not at all you and your colleagues are not at all interested in the commercial they use of graphene of putting it into is into well real life into gadgets and whatever. well look what. you cannot tell it also from my colleagues

who have promised you loons who own companies which are we produce graphene who have nothing to do is that they those companies do do exist so some of my good friends and colleagues they do have some interest in in business. why we are interested in having a good time in the lab. if it involves creation new type of devices from from the grafin we will do it so we are since we produced a prototype of liquid crystal display made of woman weirdo head of graphene you are absolutely right it will be very extremely very boring for me to sit for here and try and sue. to make this this device work slightly better that will be toward for me that's an important part of or of jobs and you mentioned spending time having

good time in the land which she said is that it is natural really good thing for her for in life tell us about it what is having a good time with your friends and the lab what do you do what do you mean by having get out in the lab. ok don't take your own or. write like picking up squash table and making make in first samples of graphene that's fantastic time. making some new type of devices that's fantastic though for for me the best one is a device which you can produce. in the day you just got an idea where you will produce a device and you measure it in the evening that's the. best one. and. any interested in arguments any unusual that's having a good time. constantin this graphene as far as i understand is

a unique unique two d. material a material with unique qualities is it really unique is it one of a kind or there may be other materials with similar or even better qualities yet to come yet to be invented. oh yes absolutely that's and i'm a little bit concerned about this but we are so so much concentration on griffin i really would like to to look a little bit broader now but even the grafin by itself already that he gives us so much fun that it's hard to. go somewhere else but i'm sure and probably we would suspect how to do it there are other materials that he reads worse similar interests and problems as well russian kids have have lots of sell a tape and we call scotch one of the well whatever so we're where do we have to

look for these new materials you said it may be other than graffiti where it what it is what does the bins do we have to look for it while we can you can think about combinations of graphene and some signals and that will produce you a new material and like just put into graphene to gather on three or three russian to gather the will be a new material or together so there are so instead of using sellotaped to split grafin you just put put it back or you just use some non the glue if you want to glue it back together so that's just one just i just corrine you ideas well last question i have read in the press that the military are already getting increasingly interested in your intervention have you heard anything about that do you think that can that get. this interest from from the side of the military can

spoil your life make your life aagot. now we were gods i know if you guys from from the office of air force us and from no research to the robber were nice guys and we do have funding from from them your goal for a conference you you see a top talk from from even told they did the show you a performance of high frequency to the ministers and half of the screen is bland because the say that it is it's information so yes there is some. drive from. as well i hate for that is we wouldn't this. classified by. the resign a bottle for service which is which is doing more the more mostly by nearly three in the it goes thank you never see all of the russian russian scientists in manchester a nobel prize winner that will need some help getting these coming couple days it

buying it to see though we don't sound so please give the time to those thirteen thank you very much for being with us and just to remind us that the fans in the us so it was our guest today. who did that with more friends than comments on what's going on in and outside russia until then stay on party and take care.

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