the thing that's most shocking to me is of all the samples we've taken whether they be at the surface ten meters thirty meters or down a hundred meters every single sample has had plastic in it from the samples we found in one thousand nine hundred nine there was a ratio of six to one plastic the plankton now in two thousand and eight we found the plastic plankton ratio of forty six to one so that's over eight times as much plastic in the environment. we project all the things that we see coming through. so shocking you are not. quite place like a soup of the north pacific. there's the suit. scientists have shown that there is no untouched zone left on this planet every square mile of version contains tens of thousands of bits of plastic. the result of

our consumption two hundred twenty pounds a year per and competent. we will not change the evolution of the society we are using less and less time to prepare the food for the luncheon for the dinner and as well there we. move and we have the habits to eat outside of the house so more and more we will use products which are much more decades and ready to be consumed for the drinks or for the food then we were used to use in the past and in the first ten years of the current century since two thousand we produced as much plastic as we produced in this entire century that preceded way using at the moment in excess of two hundred sixty million tons of plastic every year worldwide now around about

a third of that is used for single use items for items of packaging that a used once and then discarded so it's a material that last for a very long time in the marine environment and yet we use it and throw it away within a year. of these oceans of plastic that because of our carelessness or is it because the system doesn't work properly. what happens to plastic when we throw it away. this is one of the biggest garbage tubes in the united states. what else landfill serves after los angeles county about seventy eight cities and five point two million people landfill takes and has permit at about thirteen thousand two hundred tons per day what dab accounts for is if you take a football field from post to post fill it up with waste about ten feet higher little over three meters that's how much waste is accepted here a death. in the united states in europe the glue is tough to plaster we throw away

is simply better and. thousands of bottles and bags end up in this type of tip every year. between them the two continents buried four to five million metric tons of plastic in two thousand and seven. in the face of this exponential consumption the infrastructures can't keep up. only five percent of the plastic used in the world is recycled and the west the main consumer does not even have the means to deal with that. this is the port of china in india part of our recycled waste ends up here by the container full. hidden from european eyes already she is treated behind these doors which are

usually kept clear to. the sea containers that then unloaded and then the material is docked in this yard in this yard as you can see that is different different quality from different origin some material from germany some from france some from america some from the middle east it's this man absolutely who let us into future in just number one recycler of plastic bottles. is a broker he buys the contents of the recycling bins and resells it here where it can be treated by cheap labor. like. so noodles line of business is doing well. in the export of use plastic has been increasing by thirty percent a year in two thousand and seven front sent seven hundred thousand metric tons of plastic abroad. as you see the build up from france if you see from the label you

may be able to identify the bottle that maybe you have you'll think of a lot of it but these have come here now and it will be teeth like gold and made again into valuable bottles more products which could be you have the again. the plastic recycled my future comes from western countries quite legally the recyclers hope that by showing us how we'll take our boat rubbish delinquent just european consumers to send the. message to the utopian customers utopian whole homeowners are utopian when it will but it's very straight and simple who took up all your sisters is about to be associated in keeping the environment and clean and good for the human belief i have a week i liked those bottles which you throw in the dust bin at god what they did

to those products that you use every day maybe it is a shark it is a t. shirt audit is a pipe and shirts are it is the bottles which are used what blinking water already drinks out any juice. thing. so we try to have zero waste if possible by trying to have no plastic come into our homes and then end up in the garbage can so moccasin and have gone for radical solution for us when we go to buy things at the grocery store we buy bread. it sometimes comes up plastic bags you have to file you have to go to an actual bakery

we are now making these out of old t. shirts so we've been collecting t. shirts from schools and from going well when people are at wrong away their shirts instead of using plastic bags and of course we never buy plastic water bottles anytime we want to get water we bring our own we fill up at a tap filtered water we bring these with us everywhere so that you get these habits you develop them and then you don't think about them you just remember grab my bag of the market. even organic waste doesn't go into plastic bags to get eaten it's show us the worms and you got to see underneath. it. carefully. and in the bottom look some shallots some garlic. so there's a recycling bin and we're trying to throw anything away if we buy something we try

to make sure the packaging is recyclable the idea of waste is something completely invented by humans so there should be no waste if you're recycling if you're conscious about the things that you buy and you remember that everything you buy has to go somewhere. new plastic in the home eat whose new plastic in the tip going abroad plus no plastic leadership. that's moccasin and it's a question of time. they're already off on another adventure pedaling two thousand miles between vancouver and t one to convince whoever they meet on the way. for them plastic is a problem full stop and it needs to be eradicated at the source.

the benefits which by the use of the material also great for the society so great for the consumers in terms of security for food in terms of lightness for transport etc that would be stupid just to cancel those. strong benefits in order to just. correct something which is just at the end of the life of the product and the goes that is a wrong be a view of the people and of the society we hear that same line from the weapons manufacturers guns don't kill people keep people kill people. we hear the same line from the plastics industry that plastics aren't the problem it's people that are the problem it's people littering but there's no way to educate every single person on the planet to dispose of their plastics properly so the industry and the manufacturers have a responsibility to design a product that if people if a plastic bag blows out of

a garbage truck it won't have the sort of impact that we're seeing. can we do without plastic. for the moment. but in europe a few minutes about it is a try at least in part. because two ton of law found it so faced with the problem of plastic pollution. of its beaches and the sea so ten years ago it made some changes. with well there's bread there's vegetables a bit of everything. in the summer months there's a lot of stuff from their gardens. things like flowers grass from their lawns that sort of thing and he put whatever people happen to have a tome that's biodegradable. for the moment these banks are one of the few alternatives to plastic. organic waste is collected every

week in banks made of stopped. don't have to be salted the banks break down not tree and all the food waste. is that getting on that void to become biodegradable bags are mixed with the organic waste so they break down completely within three or four weeks with us and perhaps all the potato and corn starch that they're made of it reacts like any other organic matter has on it and it's like potato peelings for example and if i see. the resulting compost is used by the region's fungus so two million organic banks go back to the earth each year. and a bit more plastic has not ended up strewn around or in the sea. i. doubt this we successfully sell to hawaii to get attention to the issue of plastic marine debris which was hundreds of school and college students attend marcus and

his lectures all along that trip from canada to mexico. now you might think ok this animal it eats plastic it goes in the mouth of the red and that's it no big deal the problem is other end is small so this past is past the particles that stayed in our stomach for a long time the plastic is plastic particles they're not benign they don't just sit there and do nothing bile and marcus raises another question the industry adds millions of tons of chemicals to plastics what kind of effects do they have. these freshwater snails are sensitive to the slightest variations in their

environment they serve a sentinel's one day the federal agency for the environment asked your goldman to study the effects on this gastropod of a chemical substance whose effects are still unknown this female. he was surprised but went to having. it was a complete new phenomenon for us we had and lost thousands of these new people and never find something comparable before and so we repeated the experiment once twice and even a third time you'll discover that ten percent of the females presented significant sexual differ missions and that their egg production was four times normal. this uterus with the two glands is considerably larger in superfine compared with the normal you know and this specific specimen. in addition exhibits this

great rupture of the overbuilt you can imagine the power of the masses which have caused this rupture it's it's really like. an eruption of of working on. your grassed where is the big a found. the answer is in our plastics this antioxidant is added to babies bottles bottles and and packaging but it also risky. i was really shocked because you have to imagine the test concentrations which can be found in every surface or and it is hard to believe i confess that at these very low environmentally relevant concentrations such harmful effects like a killing of the kenyans isn't used. to. the soldiers so really beginning to discover that the plastics in the oceans release chemical substances into the environment which have effects that are still

or know. how much escapes once the products are in the water. how do these pollutants accumulate in the food chain. on the remote animals affected. and to what extent. we. know. that's what the crew of the world one of the fun and the been trying to find out by studying the mediterranean fin where the world's second largest whale. you. know you got there so we got plenty of their own. to do of these animals are contaminated. the scientists needed to study fat samples.

for. your situation. the results of the biopsies i clear just like polar bears and atlantic whale and saw the fin whales fat contains fire retardants which are additives to plastic. but yes. i. no one yet knows what effect this products have on the species. and they. will be made here we are in the middle of nowhere miles from any continent and we find substances and pollutants that have no business being here. they were produced hundreds of miles away and are being carried by the current. bothers me most is that we are contaminating the whole planet from the clothing the

remotest and while displaced that's. shocked by his own discovery you wondered if the food wrapped in plastic that we eat every day were contaminated by certain substances. he puts more snails in bottles of water for forty eight weeks. those near us which were kept in the bottles produced much more embryos compared to those nails in the glass bottles there are compounds in the plastic material in these p. t. bottles that leach into the culture medium or the snails we don't know which compounds we haven't identified them yet but they are clearly estrogenic.

new wood all they must realize when we want to put a material or substance on the market it undergoes laboratory testing so new which enables us to show that it is harmless is all get the results are passed on to scientific and public organizations we will decide whether or not we're allowed to commercialize it dorothy's are constantly checking all the products that we sell to the people. this man who are affected by these chemical products. and over a couple who use plastic like everyone else have agreed to have blood tests.

sureness one is an epidemiologist for years she has been carrying out test some fatality in two thousand and five she started studying the effects of fights and other chemical additives for plastics she selected women with a high level of science in their urine instead of the effect on their infant male children. no one had done this before. these ballots particularly the ones of most concern are called anti and richer as they lower testosterone they do it actually to adults as well and but it's more important when it happens in the womb because the changes that occur in the lower than permanent for life and so because it's anti and or janick lower testosterone at the critical time will alter the path of development of the male genitalia so

normally it starts in a feminine default if you will and then becomes masculinized under the influence of testosterone and that process is interfered with by certain sally it's when they get to a certain level. firmly so used in food packaging and tools for example to soften the plastic. but in rodents to feminize the species. the testicles disappear in the penis becomes shorter. the distance between the testicles and the anus which is normally double emails shrinks and becomes more like night of females. had the idea and the courage to try taking the same missions with human babies and you got the same results. when levels of d h p the most consider the most toxic family it were higher

in the mother's year and then the boys were more likely to have testicles that were not completely descended into this crow and tended to have a significantly smaller p.s. so i wouldn't even as an eco toxicologist and not a specialist for human toxicology i wouldn't expect negative impacts on diets so if it does i using the neuro waterfall from p two bottles there's absolutely no danger but i am i'm not so convinced when we're talking about pregnant women or very young children. because in these very sensitive phases of the life cycle cash will be taken to avoid any estrogen it can because. plastics contain substances that can eventually migrate to only an infant testable quantities which are below the norms. certain scientists use operating procedures

that are unjustified. motions which are then regrettably picked up by the media and creates an unfounded scare among the public at large. but this is a democracy so everyone has the right to express themselves. is it a case of scaremongering scientists. simply asking you questions. here the results of history you know the chemical component of plastic. by and large those two people are just like you or me it's like background noise but that black or noise however means that we all have they spend all day in our bodies now you know this is a product that didn't exist before our grandparents didn't have any chemical products created by industry and now we're all impregnated with that. study of this

time has been carried out in front but everyone tested in the united states had not only between eighty but also found in the bone. in spite of the ocean pollution and the effect on our animals in spite of the contamination of. man has not yet decided to do with plastic on the contrary production has been increasing by ten percent a year. in india plastic use is twenty times less than in europe and the united states but with a billion inhabitants it will soon be one of the planet's three biggest consumers. how can this country stop polluting its rivers and coasts with its plastics. how can it go on absorbing all waste. plastic indispensable ally of off every day life we thought it was an it substance over a century we have poured at least

a hundred million tons of it into the oceans. but now a boomerang effect is taking place. the situation is hopeless. it is getting worse at a near exponential rate and shows no sign of decreasing no one seems to be able to envision a future without plastic and no one seems to be willing to admit that change needed to get rid of the plastic pollution problem is drastic. incremental change small changes will not make a difference. marcus and i refuse to give up here today this is our. awareness day i still remember the go the keep up the struggle to change those in

mentalities and finally put an end to plastic age. with change people's attitude. maybe we should scare them because this waste on things as their. physical. demand.

mission. critical should free in-store charges free. range means free. three stooges free. old free blown cloning videos for your media projects a free media. tom. syrian government forces launch their biggest story begins protesters in north west of the country. to turkey meanwhile russia urges the u.n. security council to bring both sides to the negotiating table. a license to

kill israeli special forces get the green light to shoot at palestinian approach independence protesters from un is expected to vote on the palestinian statehood later this month something that israel strongly opposes. and seeking solutions russia. says kiev pushes for discounted gas supply some able to cope with the pricing levels. in place now was struck in two thousand and nine european gas prices. up next cross talk digging into the money mountains of the wealthy. and welcome to cross talk on purely.