so there are different ways that. the european central bank and the e.u. could go about dealing with a default of greece or an exit of greece portugal or some of the peripheral countries they could break the euro into two different types of euro but the fact that no one is willing to talk about that option openly and kind of admit that that's where we are with an unsustainable debt like greece has and now the country the size of italy which is no longer really able to access the markets the way they're actually going to the markets but the e.c.b. isn't there buying spanish debt so the fact that you have these countries unable to issue their paper on their own is is frightening for the european union for the eurozone there is no real exit mechanism from the euro if you're part of the v.m. you are part of it supposedly for life ok and so we saw how chaotic it was in argentina. default on its debt and exited the dollar peg in the case of greece it's not even a peg they've given up their currency their french banks that are that are potentially

on the hook with a lot of greek that now who is exposed to those french banks and who's exposed the banks very well as the french banks a lot of the banks prefer an environment like they have now which is we can lever up as much as we want doesn't matter and if we lose we just get bailed out there they're structurally adjusted their business model and their profit making mechanism to this new environment which has been perpetual bailouts that we've seen since nine hundred eighty. in the meantime it's really burdened by its own debt crisis has turned to china for a possible rescue top level talks were held with beijing all it's really moved closer to the epicenter of europe's financial turmoil rooms treasury refused to give out details but it's understood that china was offered an option to buy stay can be turned in silver and the government is pushing a fifty four billion euro package that includes changes to government spending cuts and a special reveal to reach another house of parliament is expected to approve. well ahead of the business news let's quickly now check out. with other news from around

the world making headlines in our world up. with the school bus in the pakistani city of peshawar killing four children the driver was taken from within your old students home when the gunman struck we know claims responsibility for the attack so far northwest in pakistan is torn between government supported tribal armies and is most militants with links to al qaeda have carried out hundreds of attacks against civilians in recent years. two passenger trains in the past collided in the argentinian city of bombers are is killing nine people and wounding two hundred twelve some of them critically the crash took place during rush hour when a passenger bus drove around crossing barriers in an attempt to save time and was hit by a train throwing it onto a platform express then the rail and hit another that was going the other way. sex abuse victims of severely claims to the international criminal court and political sixty cardinals to be investigated for possible crimes against humanity

that information was a b.b.q. the negligence in supervising priests and turning a blind eye to sexual crimes against children thousands of individual cases are brought each year but the court has never before opened a single formal investigation into the catholic church. but i have a wrap up of the day's top stories from just a few moments from now but first as promised with us next with the latest. hello and welcome to business where art see the clouds all of uncertainty continues a pile up in europe rising expectations of a greek default and the possible downgrade of french banks are costing the financial power on the charts a drop sharply as not amenable governor now trading at an eight month low however take up now from morgan stanley here in russia there are reasons not to pessimistic . if you look at what's happening to reserves which is the kind of results of the

entire set of. transactions jim russia and the rest of the world every week we've been seeing an increase in the reserves and if you think you will export these prices and was happy with regexps i think you'll fall into the current carol picture used to be very strong. on the capitol hill it's a little bit less predictable but i think we feel certain cheerily elections it may be an increase in care for is there not to the level that you saw earlier this year so actually we expect to rebuild a strength from the good in from her going forward. and let's take a look at the markets now also with oil prices there are maxed volume rebounds in the euro and in stock markets the international energy agency cut its estimate for the round growth and some of its expectations. in the u.s. markets are trading in positive territory the hours are pretty pointless two percent all the nasdaq is that in almost one percent this hour. and in europe

investors are concerned by the weakness of the global economy large markets there flows into positive territory ranks among the top performers following heavy losses in the previous safran. and here in russia markets bounced back from earlier losses and the dreaded session also in the black both the arts yes and the my sex added point three percent so let's take a look at something that's movers on the my sex most energy majors were down this wide strong crude bucking the trend was a north nickel the company's board has approved the terms of a new share buyback it's ready to spread four point five billion dollars to buy a seven point seven percent stake for minority shareholders also results says it's ready to discuss the sale of its seventy five percent stake in the us nickel if the price is right. while a giant gas from that is repairing a deal which could lessen the years that russia and. i'll be locked out of libya fall on the revolution that's from sources say the company will proceed with its

plans or develop and or over its we'll call it elephants last year it agreed supply one third of the project from its allies and the full one hundred sixty three million dollars there had been concerns rawson firms could suffer from moscow's slow recognition of the rebel governments and libya. and that's all business news for now the headlines are next with bill. to look at.

well when one deals with wall for us to realize that this tremendous amounts of damage that have done not just human damage but damage the physical environment in which the battlefield takes place tremendous amounts of damage done by aerial bombs by napalm boy you can see whether it's on a sonic boom some fracturing marine mammals or it's the burning oil field syria and iraq or events destroyed reefs in the pacific for programming purposes the list just goes on and on the geneva conventions and treaties forty nine states that there shall be changes in the war to protect conduct against widespread long term and severe damage to unite. states although it is accepted

almost all of the provisions protocol has taken exception to that. this is our team come to you live from moscow it's now half past the hour time to update you on our top stories the u.s. and romania signed a strategic defense pact and will now formally authorize the deployment of ballistic missile interceptors in romania and moscow renews its demands for legal guarantees that the nato system will not be aimed at russia. libyan transitional forces have given residents of the proceeds gadhafi strongholds two days to leave will face all small houses on the international court for war crimes committed by both the colonel's loyalists and rebels urging the new

leadership to restore order and security of. ukraine questions the legality of tours to the nuclear disaster site in chernobyl and meantime the geishas they were providing unhealthy profits to officials and experts say the contaminated land might be just the place for new industrial projects. and germany attempts to calm fears over greece's potential default by pushing members of the euro zone to stick together and stormy skies are looming over europe as debt stricken italy turns to the orient for help. that brings us up to date for the moment and i'll be back with more on those stories and other developments for you in half an hour from now another concert companions in any war last night and destruction but the impact on nature often goes unnoticed that's the subject of our special report next here on alt.

sometimes we think that it's easier to make war and to work or to clean up after it the military is a major player in terms of environmental outcomes. the environment is war's silent casualty when we talk about the costs of war are rarely focused on what happens to the way or the animals we rarely focus on that which sustains whom and are. completely out of sync in the finding threats to our security. at one time the principal threats were in the military they no longer are there now environmental in the homeland security department they're speaking about vulnerability and preparedness but we just haven't made the same commitment yet in

climate change but we really need to do that at the minute it see for sleepwalking into disaster we can't afford to sleepwalk into the future we must take decisions and action which creates a goal that we want our children and they children to grow up.

the war has changed much over the centuries yet our perception of war has changed little we might morea lies the fallen take some note of collateral damage to civilians but in calculating the cost of war we seldom acknowledge its toll on the natural environment. when one deals with warfare one has to realize that this tremendous amounts of damage that are done not just human damage but damage to the physical environment in which the battlefield takes place and whether it's a small war of a couple of days or whether it's a major war war one war two vietnam war or the recent wars in the middle east

tremendous amounts of damage done by aerial bombs by napalm. chemicals that are used i would say there's very little consideration during combat operations to the effect on the environment one gets totally preoccupied in the firefight itself. after major combat operations are over and almost anywhere you have unexploded ordinance. staggered about the landscape you deny the use of agricultural land to the population you can tension really infect well or supply and the food chain and i would say that that's basically the case almost anywhere that you use fire power either air power artillery. the primary goal in warfare is to beat the enemy and when you want to defeat the enemy

as quickly and as. probably cost effectively as you'd like to use the most dangerous weapons you can for the most part unless you're your own troops your own population happens to be on the battlefield. with three six barrel gatling gun each capable of firing up to six women want to be filled dragon ships every day. when i arrived in vietnam. february one thousand nine hundred seventy. there was a really a great deal of destruction we were taken out on missions mainly by helicopter i missions were called search and destroy we would try to search out the enemy and destroy the enemy in the coup cheering yeah there were in numerable tunnels and usually we would try to build these tunnels out

of c. four explosives. and we saw them saw the enemy we tried to destroy the earth their concealed and sustained me and i often wonder if our struggle is not against human beings against the earth that sustains them. we've become experts in blowing the earth up using bombs artillery mortars c. four gunships and they plan to reduce the earth to ashes. you know in the history of life on earth they're going five moments. and which they spend a major spasm of extinction and the best known is from the time mr us left the

stage as it were we are now clearly in the first stages of a potential sixth spasm of extinction the human footprint on nature it's it's just the way you can see the increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere you can see it in the proliferating beds and some coastal waters around the world you can see it in the oceans becoming acid in terms of warm preparations for war to come so a list of things in itself whether it's. however sonic booms effect during the marine mammals or it's the burning oil fields around the iraq or it's destroyed coral reefs are in the pacific for grounding purposes on a. blister scopes on and on in war time damage to habitat and wildlife is a given sometimes unintended sometimes the result of

a deliberate strategy one of the list examples of the environmental impact of full fare it was seen during the iraq invasion of kuwait in one nine hundred ninety one and the deliberate igniting of the oil wells in q eight by saddam hussein streets but also spilling out vast amounts of oil tens of millions of barrels of oil into the patient gulf region and this had it terrible effect on the marine farm and on bird life in the area by the writer and nature of birds. once was in the case it had his phone and they fit and it is it is not just a collection of millions of patents of sand it is it is an ecosystem and vast amounts of oil into a consistent that is terribly destructive for. all's fair in love and war as they say and that's why. aircraft will hit chemical industry will sink tankers will hit nuclear power plants will hit anything that might bring

a society or a city or wherever you're fighting a to its knees as quickly as possible with tremendous amounts than likely of environmental damage such deliberate targeting of the environment during the vietnam war prompted the addition of article fifty five the protocol one to ten eva conventions article fifty five of protocol one additional to the geneva conventions of nineteen forty nine states that care shall be taken in war to protect the environment against widespread long term and severe damage the united states. although it is accepted almost all of the provisions of protocol one has taken exception to that. in our bombing campaign and nineteen ninety nine most of which did not capitulate and just a few days as we had anticipated and we bombed for seventy eight days

we bombed oil refineries resulting in a mile long oh oil slicks that extended down the danube through remaining into the black sea. we bomb petro chemical plants and fertilizer from trees spreading mercury. other carcinogens on the landscape and into a canal that lead into the danube river it will take the eco systems decades to recover. forests are among the ecosystems that are most profit damaged or destroyed in combat itself the main reason for that is because they are very useful for

guerrillas trying to find concealment from forces with superior firepower forty years ago when the united states was trying to prevail in vietnam and its enemies the viet cong were using the forests for concealment the american forces tried through fire and chemical defoliants to clear raj parts of the forests of vietnam but. not invulnerable. they think of themselves as wrong under. fake fire seven days in the week fifty two weeks and. most days in the planes to spew out the total of nearly eighteen thousand gallons of people here. from one hundred sixty to two thousand nine hundred seventy one u.s. military conducted a large scale defoliation drive code named operation ranch hand planes

helicopters and tanker trucks sprayed nineteen million gallons of herbicides on south vietnam. i should mention agent orange which was also one of the main worry was that the way and was rather just a place that had been sprayed would would die and sometimes the we sort of say banana plants would become enormous and then they would die and it looked like a ghost landscape most everything had been killed agent orange was developed actually in world war two at that time it was not thought that this had any effect on human beings so this became a wonderful commercial product but also a very potent product that could be used to destroy jungles to destroy food crops

to be able to be used as a tactical weapon of war without being considered chemical warfare in the sense of place and gas fifty percent of the asian are and consisted of a chemical called two four five tea which. unless the conditions of manufacture were carefully controlled would become contaminated with dioxin which is an extraordinarily potent toxic chemical so much of the agent orange or this herbicide that was sprayed in vietnam was heavily contaminated the americans did not be defiled the top humans. and the like in the wrong the victim was just like well the game will be aging vietnamese with housing more anyway these on battle but might have just been on the way. but it makes no more than one of our mission accomplished. in one thousand nine hundred for us veterans who attributed a variety of adverse physical symptoms to agent orange exposure settled out of

court with the manufacturers twenty years later their families fought to have a plaque added to the vietnam veterans memorial it states in memory of the men and women who served in the vietnam war and later died as a result of their service. and remember their sacrifice. you could be united states government nor the manufacturers of agent orange that compensated the vietnamese people. when we first started working on afghanistan and one of the things that surprised me was that it actually was an area where natural and wild pistachio and woodlands grew i didn't know that they actually existed there before in fact they were a significant part of the pre-war economy people picked that the stash isn't actually exported and it was worth millions of dollars as a source of income to people. the deforestation we see in afghanistan is a product of three forces first of all you have the mujahideen that were using the

forests for cover the soviets destroyed some of the force to prevent that second of all you have the afghans themselves harvested the forests and stockpiled the wood because they feared that they'd be taken away during the collectivization process. and third you had land mines were put in agricultural areas by putting the land mines they were cultural areas that forced people to find other areas to grow food and the most obvious where the forests and woodlands in the country so those three factors have led to a virtual one hundred percent deforestation in some areas and this footage was taken during a field study from the united nations environment program holes in the soil indicate were trees have been uprooted to plant crops. after three decades of war only the smallest patches of forest remain in northern afghanistan barely detectable by satellite another reason we don't see some of

these woodlands and forests regenerating is also complex at the moment if a seedling happens to take root and start growing and you actually have grazing of goats and sheep over virtually the entire landscape and those coats and sheep obviously simply eat anything that comes up so what we saw in a in a number of different sample areas was not a single seedling had taken root. when you have such fragile soils and you have such heavy grazing on them you really amplify and cause soil erosion to the point where recovery is going to be extremely difficult if not impossible. i think. it was funny i actually started with my barber when i was probably ten years old he was a marine. who had fought in the battle of wattle canal sol island star world war

two and i heard the stories of his experiences of storing the beaches running out of supplies and. sword fighting with the japanese soldiers on the islands just for . they saw their supply ship be blown up by japanese aircraft and he tried to explain that feeling of of seeing their food and their source of self-defense just completely destroyed from their eyes. i was doing some research on oil spills in general off the australian coast and that that story came back to me and i thought well his ship is still there and i bet the oil still on board. there nearly four thousand world war two ship wrecks in the south pacific right now and over three hundred of those are oil tankers. if no measures are taken on this the ships will collapse they will release their oil. one side oil answers

them are in a varmint will be very difficult to remove it. but such acts highest concentration of world war two wrecks can be found in the federated states of micronesia. own service forward anchorage for the japanese imperial fleet until an air attack by american forces sank sixty ships and more than two hundred planes the way that the reefs are struggling around the world due to coral bleaching global warming overfishing and dynamite fishery added to those stresses a massive oil spill would just be the last nail cotton for these rivers they would not be able to regenerate and. to think that a war that we have. in the last century could still be destroying our future is really pretty shocking. and it's tracking things that current warfare is set on fire based just myths and

proximately not seen as the gems of welfare candy ass opinions and this is a new turn around trend about a hundred close aisa got the start of last century when it was a bathroom at ten percent of the victims who were civilians and about ninety percent military that now it's see opposite. and what's in question a plane upset can say particularly since world war two he is that we see more and more munitions to get the same military afaik the invasion of kuwait by rock from the cleanup of kuwait after the one thousand nine hundred one gulf war is a very good example of the problems and the challenges of cleaning up the battlefield. after the war there was an enormous amount of refuse from the battles that took place these were trucks tanks aircraft also some ordnance a lot of it can explode and what happened was the allied troops came in and they basically picked up all this metal debris and piled it in giant piles the size of

a for ball field in various parts of the kuwait desert and left it there was no bill but. i'm planning on and so from time to time these piles go up in flames and from time to time they explode here and there and no one really knows what to do what to do with unexploded ordinance what we call us in a case like that. among the most enduring legacy of modern warfare is unexploded ordinance for you x. zero the grenade shells and bombs that fail to detonate during combat you xo remains on the battlefield long after the battle often hidden by vegetation or covered by soil as weapons continue to.