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shore of the c.e.o. before it's paralyze mother down one of the most extreme regions of russia you can get to the most remote parts of to costa and you cuccia from here. these researches are off to what may well turn out to be a sensation they know that something unusual has been found on the banks of one of the rivers in the country's north the scientists want to see whether the find is indeed as unique as they have been led to believe if it turns out to the truth the scientific community will get an intriguing glimpse to what life on earth was like

thousands of years ago. expedition will travel across western chukotka the northeastern yakuza a wealth of remains of extinct animals dating back to the ice age is hidden beneath the permafrost a number of fossils and tusks of be found here. however the find that the researches are after is something special a korea story bison completely mummified by nature. which some forty mummified animal remains have been found in the world since biology became a science two hundred years ago some twenty of them are more or less in good condition all the others are just fragments legs skulls and the like only two by some have been found over the years one in alaska and the other here you know from what i've seen and much more is left of this one this is why it is more valuable

for research it's. some time ago geologists found in a rave mammoth fossils and this out of the way part of russia. it was the world's first and most large scale expedition of its kind scientists believe the area is full of relics from the late place to see me talk that period came to an end some eleven thousand years ago at approximately the same time the last remaining mammoths died out on the rest of the continent leaving behind their tusks for mankind perceive that material which in this organic to tissue called ten team is really remarkable stuff to get there for a few and this is the last front tooth from a mammoth. it was an extraordinary animal the people who live thousands of years ago were aware of its useful properties here we use the stuff to make the first tools utensils even works of awesome people have always been fascinated by the material. which a cook to regions village of

a new risk has a population of about five hundred and situated on the banks of the mali and really river. nearly all the villages that spend the brief summer in the tundra anti-car tending reindeer hunting and fishing from here the expedition heads for the site where the primitive bison has found its niche dividing the shores to do what the man who steers the boat tells you it was the propeller may brush against the riverbed in shallow places but if i happens don't panic the people know the lay of the land well and they'll tell you what to do with me it stood you. good here you can easily get around by water people mostly use lightweight boats for the purpose of explorers should be aware of the difficulties that local rivers have in store. there are geologists

biologists and paleontologists among expedition members travelling to this remote cold environment has been a cherished ambition for many of. since its formation several thousand years ago the mallee and we river has kept many secrets about the ice age in a way it's banks. it's the clinic i see there is an abundance of animal fossils here even if people were to come from all over to dig them up it would take several years to finish the job. the expedition camps out on a patch of land by the river. a cliff where the bison money was found is across its some local sole the animal when they were travelling past the place by boat at that moment a huge chunk of permafrost collapsed into the water to reveal the mummified corpse the fine was immediately reported to fyodor should love skiing is officially

licensed to collect paleontological objects in this area it was fiona and organize the expedition and prepared a camp for field research. she would then you know she today i think that we need to inspect the place and just relax a bit we would like to move to that side because if you're not here. you work in the evening everybody will come up with a plan of their own and we'll correct everything with critique you. tagging along with the expedition is our county should love ski both the son of the organizer and the youngest member of the group before the others arrived he had already gathered a huge number of ancient fossils found in the area the group has taken a lively interest in its collection. this is a bison horn. will preserve because it was kept in a natural freezer. bags a lot of credit let me show you how well done. work like that for another two days

and then we'll send you back home. at the moment this one squat interesting it's a mammoth it's tensile points are divided into three sections which points to its very old age such plates are often found in early elephants. the only mammoth is an extinct member of the elephant family during the ice age woolly mammoths lived in most areas of eurasia or north america there isn't trunks were small of those of modern day elephants but their tusks are much larger. it is speculating that such mammoths lived in groups led by older females current theory suggests that they became extinct due to climate change and over hunting. the last mammoths lived in the late pleistocene ipad. today this is a free to take

a stroll in the park dating back to the place to scene era it's the result of the efforts of scientists. who fenced off one hundred sixty square kilometers of forest tundra trub lakes and swamps a park is situated seventy kilometers from the expeditions failed company and your coast is northeast the arctic ocean is only one hundred fifty kilometers away. much of the water in the bog that was here fifteen years ago never dried up today there is grass here this of course is because the grass when it is the least twenty twenty five centimeters long if you're for bison is fourteen centimeters it can be assumed therefore the bison nibbled at the lower grass level as the trail behind a horse's. zimm of aim is to reconstruct what he calls the mouth step. this ecosystem was predominant in the arctic of the late place to seen huge herds

of large herbivores such as namath's willy rhinos running their horses bison used to graze here. why many of the species died out approximately ten thousand years ago is still unclear another ice age came to an end around the same time it gave way to swamps tundra and ecosystem of mt steps in the north had completely changed and she would if you today's climate to you would suit mammoth. i.q. and seen my mind's eye animals creating pastures for themselves with these wars and bison hadn't seen one another for twelve thousand years but there are genetic memory tells them after just a couple months of that they do you know one another and he will recall the mammoth two are there they can that's the listening we want they'll do are everything

around here. two members of the expedition are live missy and feel their share the back of their job is to look for a mammoth tusks eleven fielder are together almost all the time when it comes to looking for fossils a pot wades neil one wants to share his secrets with the other. reason there is steep slopes oh along the bank everybody knows that mammoth tells could be found here although many people are on the lookout few actually find any obviously have got some secrets to keep what you need and his job is a simulation. the first step is a careful inspection of the steep slopes from a boat to molly and he is a tributary of the river column on each spring rain water from melted snow flood the tributary over flowing water washes the bank away forcing permafrost to retreat as a result big chunks of rock tumble down into the water to expose ice bound missions

deep inside. the world not first of all you must know what it looks like. you should look forward everywhere. i dream about finding a mammoth's goal or perhaps my aim you know after all others have found such things . only people whose job is looking for the tusks know the telltale signs of where they hide shallow waters of the best place for tots come think. with a great stroke of luck feel the has found a tusk of an oppressive size. can. hold on to this one is easy to carry it anyways above thirty kilograms of.

rain has brought work at the burial sites to an abrupt halt life in the calm has come to a standstill. we'll . bring you the latest in science and technology from around russia. we've got the future covered.

when there was a lot of sunshine in the grass and flowers grow stronger with each passing day. when the icy nice with the bison being found melted away mummified animal was instantly moved into an ice house. and we think we're about to enjoy a unique place it's a gift to people from the northern climates permafrost makes it possible to store food if it's a remarkable place there's nothing special about this small ice house but it is unique nonetheless now we're going to see something even more exciting inside. the corridor ansel's the ice house will hollowed out by hand inside an enormous ice formation the walls and floor i'm a device each year they're sprayed with water ventilation is checked at the same time this makes it possible to maintain low temperature and humidity and. it's been usually warm this summer in chicago. by the permafrost lead began to

degrade and rapidly melt away and we feared we might lose the bison buried in it. consequently members of my team get to this ice house as fast as possible we have. specialists instantly try to find out what caused the animals death the bison tail stands upright instead of being pressed against the body. in direct sign may indicate that it quickly suffocated many others have theories of their own. we have not got up with on the sure it might have died when the spinal cord or skull was suddenly fractured. in other words it might have been buried under falling rock or . also it could have fallen through a crack and. still when we were moving it into this cell i was saddened to see that one of its horns had been severely damaged i do you know rock there's

a crack at the bottom.

when the climate became. she was this to me this is pete here you can find

anything you like grass insects and little twigs which but it was more than. the bison may have been in a bog like this one had you. and will need to find out whether this kind of peas. is also on the other side of the bank or getting. pummeled do you think the ripples in this formation date back to those times and i'm sure they do it highlights the relief of the period between the period when our bison lives. in a lake with ripples that. the bison was in a nice situation one of the peeps talk layers one thing is crystal clear it was not a natural death otherwise insects would be to not the bisons body scientists speculate that after the bison died the mud quickly enveloped its body and saved it from predators and the natural deep freeze prevented it from decomposition it was

was not. disposable the taleban might have been swept away by floodwaters and brought us here. or does our president get most of being too weak to resist the flood about four when they saw us i thought also the small amount of peat here coins to bogging processor is about watching it with the voices body was in fact in a swarm that is going to. so he might have drowned in it a go at you. ancient fossils mouth tusks found in this area are unique with terrell's collars. this is a standard but workshop it contains a wealth of natural stress a man's a man made figurines. moment weaverville your mammoth tusks more than any other bones look at

a point they are valuable if only because they were underground for thousands of years before somebody chanced upon them or them would you know and the objects we make from them will survive for hundreds of years to delight people. therefore we treasure mammoth tusks of. bone called his consul fold to make the stakes a full take up cannot be done all compositions are unique works of art it is impossible to fake will imitate each object costs a lot of money nearly all of the world's monex connoisseurs and both the collectors and to dish and. the greens of mammoths made tusks the moment mammoth tusks and fossils are best preserved in permafrost out of the woody frozen earth begins throwing little decomposes at the work that was in the photo but just series riding in permafrost like this one are absolutely tattered because you have one who would

have sort of and she's. this is one of the permafrost areas so gazing off a scientist founded the northeastern research station the rocky bank of the river it takes four and a half hours by air to get in there a city is enough laboratory attracts scientists college students from all over the world. they are interested in zim of studies of permafrost anonymous and value the fact that the station is far removed from civilization and nearly every summer college students come here from the united states to work on various international projects. where i live is that for a claim around as well that where you go to school that is the city of it and then . that is the way. it. plasticine park is one of said gazin offs most ambitious projects in

recent years he has been doing his best to bring in various species of ovals. these young elks are in for a long journey from a small pen to freedom. easy easy. to move a shell k. there you go and pick your hip. hip. looking forward that's it if you aren't that well tough you know if they've been around for a month one of the elks was very sick and we had to work carts in our scene back to health. and now that there are fewer mosquitoes here there it's going to be released into the park taking. place to scene park is at the very heart of permafrost forty kilometers from the

station. during the summer a it can only be reached by boat the elks a transfer to the motor boat with utmost care. enough is always at the wheel on such occasions. this is not the first time that he has used the small motor boat to transport tunnels. near the place where i live is the world's least accessible point economically speaking or the method of transport costs more than anywhere else we were at the most buffaloes by motor boat from rango island. the young elks has become accustomed to humans and learn to trust them for that reason they patiently wait for the chance to go free. pucks staff carry the animals

by hand from the bank to the ten. but the full they let into the wild they will go through a period of a climatized nation. your people. says him off believes that the devils can survive in these rigorous conditions moreover they can radically change the landscape. of. a could and should be an open landscape with scatter tribes whooshes for trees tiny brusa lakes and trimmed grass why do they mowed a grass and clarks you may ask that's because there were millions of herbivores in the old days your that there were you have a grass was there staple food that's the sort of landscape that man is used to i'm comfortable here no i'm trying to recreate the natural environment in which my distant ancestors lived.

so cool the arctic steps existed in the north thousands of years ago an abundance of food attracted mammoths and other have those. early man quickly followed suit. today most of the people living in this rugged region of mine precious metals. this is a gold mining field and to cut cut and russia is far east ironically it is because of the gold industry that mammoths have been found scraping off the top layer of permafrost in search of mineral wealth revealed these prehistoric names but sometimes they emerge natural look.

you know people don't know why permafrost sometimes looks deformed it's it's because there's a foreign object lying underneath which has been there for tens or even hundreds of thousands of years and all the sudden permafrost begins spirit out in the end the object shows up in the midst of tundra not edging for the place of several millimeters a year. over the course of many years the majority of unique prehistoric objects have been found in the permafrost they have been dug up in the russian far east altai on the southern europe. these remains of a woolly rhino cave that bison among the five horse legs and a complete one year old mammoth all give us an idea of what these prehistoric animals look like. the fossils of primitive predators provide unique

material for studying animal d.n.a. from the ice age. the mummified so-called kobol is widely different from all known fragments of prehistoric hoofed animals. scientists of concluded that it is the world's most complete mummy of a bison it is much better preserved and through baby the famous mummy of a bison found in alaska. of the summer. this is a true scientific sensation such fines are absolutely unique something similar is found it is just fragments in most cases but this is a perfect color guess if a boy is all we can get an idea of what it looked like what was inside its body and what it ate shortly before his death and much more.

the next scientific expedition to this cold harsh environment may well result in another sensational find remains of a cave lying been found close to the site where the chilcote kubel died. guitar sometimes you see a story and it seems so for lengthly you think you understand it and then you glimpse something else and you hear or see some other part of it and realize everything you thought you knew you don't know i'm sorry welcome to the big picture .

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