lie hidden in the deep remove from us. to those who deal with the. story time are still. one thirty pm in moscow here archie headlines rolled on the ropes the euro zone's third largest economy takes a hit as italy's credit rating goes down sparking fears of an even deeper financial crisis it's the latest of six euro zone countries to have taken a credit tumble this year. israel calls for urgent peace talks with palestinians but landmines on its border ahead of a palestinian bid for a seat at the u.n. this friday that some fear could open a pandora's box. multiculturalism under the microscope turkey's president visits berlin trying to break down a wall of issues facing immigrants in germany this comes as some german say they

feel threatened by an ever growing wave of immigration. next we take you to the furthest corner of far eastern russia where archaeologists have been fighting some well preserved remains of ice age mammals journey coming up next. the short of the c.e.o. before it's paralyze mother down one of the most extreme regions of russia you can get to the most remote parts of to costa and you cuccia from here. these researches are off to what may well turn out to be a sensation they know that something unusual has been found on the banks of one of the rivers in the country's north the scientists want to see whether the find is indeed as unique as they have been led to believe if it turns out to the truth the scientific community will get an intriguing glimpse to what life on earth was like

thousands of years ago. expedition will travel across western and northeastern here kuta a wealth of remains of extinct animals dating back to the ice age is hidden beneath the permafrost none of the fossils in tusks of the found here. however the find that the researches are after is something special a prehistoric bison completely mummified by nature. of life some forty mummified animal remains have been found in the world since biology became a science two hundred years ago some twenty of them are more or less in good condition all the others are just fragments legs skulls and the like only two by some have been found over the years one in alaska and the other here you're from what i've seen much more is left of this one this is why it is more valuable for

research because. some time ago geologists found in a raid of mammoth fossils in this out of the way part of russia. it was the world's first and most large scale expedition of its kind scientists believe the area is full of relics from the late price to see the park that period came to an end some eleven thousand years ago approximately the same time the last remaining mammoths died out on the rest of the continent leaving behind that tusks for mankind from perceived material which in this organic tissue called tenzin is really remarkable stuff here. this is the launch front tooth from a mammoth. it was an extraordinary animal the people are fountains of years ago were aware of its useful properties. they use the stuff to make the first tools utensils even works of aunts and people have always been fascinated by the material

. but a coach to regionals village of a new school has a population of about five hundred and the situation on the banks of the molly and lily river. nearly all the villages that spend the brief summer in the tundra anti-god tending reindeer hunting and fishing from here the expedition heads for the site where the primitive bison was found. this is what you show to do what the man who steers the boat tells you that it was a propeller made brush against the river bed in shallow places but if i happen to own panic the people know the lay of the land well and i'll tell you what to do if need be it's what you. could pay you can easily get around by water people mostly use like white coats for the purpose of explorers should be aware of the difficulties that local rivers have in store. there are

geologists biologists and paleontologists among expedition members travelling to this remote cold environment has been a cherished ambition for many of. since its formation several thousand years ago the mallee and we river has kept many secrets about the ice age in the way its banks. use the clinic i see there is an abundance of animal fossils here even if people were to come from all over to dig them up it would take several years to finish the job. the expedition camps out on a patch of land by the river. the cliff where the vice money was found is across it some local saw the animal when they were travelling past the place by boat at that moment a huge chunk of permafrost collapsed into the water to reveal the mummified corpse the fine was immediately reported to fyodor should love skiing he is officially

licensed to collect paleontological objects in this area and was fyodor and organized the expedition and prepared a camp for field research. she would yeah no shit today i think that we need to inspect the place and just relax a bit before we would like to move to that side because if you cannot. be a beauty quilter if you work in the evening everybody will come up with a plan of their own and will correct everything here. tagging along with the expedition is our county should love ski both the son of the organizer and the youngest member of the group with all the others arrived he had already gathered a huge number of ancient fossils found in the area the group has taken a lively interest collection. this is a bison horn. preserved because it was kept in a natural freezer. bags a lot of carry let me shake your hands well done. for another two days and then

we'll send you back or. at the moment this one squat interesting it's a mammoth it still points are divided into three sections which points to its very old age such plates are often found in early elephants. the only number is an extinct member of the elephant family during the ice age woolly mammoths lived in most areas of eurasia or in north america there is no trunks were smaller than those of modern day elephants but their tusks are much larger. it is speculated that such mammoths lived in groups led by older females current theory suggests that they became extinct teacher climate change and over hunting. the last moments left in the late price to seen equal. today visitors are free to take a stroll in

a park dating back to the place to scene era it's the result of the efforts of scientists. in fenced off one hundred sixty square kilometers of forest from drug troubles lakes and swamps the park is situated seventy kilometers from the expeditions field camp and jocose is northeast the arctic ocean is only one hundred fifty kilometers away. to the water in the bog that was here a few thousand years ago never dried up today there is grass here so horses because grass when it is at least twenty twenty five centimeters long if you're for bison is fourteen centimeters it can be assumed therefore the bison nibbled at the lower grass level as the trail behind a horse's. zimmer a mr reconstruct what he calls the mammoth step. this ecosystem was predominant in the arctic of the late twice to seen huge herds of large herbivores such as

mammoths really rhinos rain their horses bison used to graze here. why many of the species died out approximately ten thousand years ago is still unclear another ice age came to an end around the same time it gave way to swamps to address the ecosystem of mammoth steps in the north had completely changed and she would you feel today's climate to you would suit mammoth steps of mara blizzards uk anyone seen my mind so animals creating pastures for themselves when you needed these wars and bison hadn't seen one another for twelve thousand years but their genetic memory tells them after just a couple months that they do you know one another i mean when we recall the mammoth two are there they count that's the least thing we want they'll do are everything

around here. two members of the expedition i live missy and field a shuttle back of their job is to look for mammoth tusks eleven fielder are together almost all the time when it comes to looking for fossils they park waves near one wants to share his secrets with the other. reason there is steep slopes all along the bank everybody knows that mammoth tells can be found here although many people are on the lookout few actually find any obviously i've got some secrets to keep what you need and his job is determination. the first step is a careful inspection of the steep slopes from a boat molly annuity is a tributary of the river colima each spring rain and water from melted snow flood the tributary over flowing water washes the bank away forcing permafrost to treat as a result big chunks of rock tumble down into the water to expose ice bound missions

deep inside. the macdonald not first of all you must know what it looks like. you should look forward everywhere. i dream about finding a mammoth goal. that's my aim to hear about after all others have found such things . only people whose job is looking for tusks know the telltale signs of where they hide shallow waters the best place for tough come thick. with a great stroke of luck feel the has found a tusk of impressive size. of. the phone around this one is easy to carry it only weighs about thirty kilograms.

rain has brought work of the burial sites to an abrupt halt life in the camp has come to a standstill. the mother. to use.

when there was a lot of sunshine in the grass and flowers close stronger with each passing. one the icing each with the bison melted away on the fied animal was instantly moved into an ice house and with a chance that we were about to enter a unique place but it's a gift to people from the northern climates and the frost makes it possible to store food as if it's a remarkable place there's nothing special about this small ice house but it is

unique nonetheless now we get to see something even more exciting in science. the corridor and cells of the ice house will hollowed out by hand inside an enormous ice formation the walls and floor i'm a device each year they're sprayed with water ventilation is checked at the same time this makes it possible to maintain the low temperature and humidity. it's been usually warm this summer in chicago. the permafrost layer began to degrade and rapidly melt away and we feared we might lose the bison buried in it. consequently members of my team moved it to this ice house as fast as possible we have. specialists instantly try to find out what caused the animals death advice and tale stands upright instead of being pressed against the body is

in direct sign may indicate it quickly suffocated many others have theories of their own. but we're going to assure you that it might have died when the spinal cord the skull was suddenly fractured. in other words it might have been buried under falling rock or. also it could have full on through a crack and. when we were moving it into this cell i was saddened to see that one of its horns have been severely damaged i do not work as a crack at the bottom of the boat. and that means that the skull must have suffered a serious injury. either this happened after its death or it was the cause of its status or workable with with us chances are something helped it landed a natural trap. that's possible and we know that lions were around here at the time and strew permafrost is an excellent job of preserving the bison soft tissues and

even characteristics smell. some pretty strong smell there yes it smells like a cow from tuskegee you know. as far as can be see there are no major injuries of the bisons probably according to a tentative assessment the bison die during the pleistocene period its body has spent around thirty thousand years in the us. to take years will florida scientists are delighted to see that here the bison is in the sort of environment that existed thousands of years ago. some of them working on the bank today. he would know they're out to get as much information as they can. they're on the front line as it were. the summer heat has radically changed the shape of the cliff where the prehistoric bison was found two scientists of months at that boat not far off on the five burial plots. we didn't know what. this is were the norm if only

poison was found we need to establish when and how the animal to eat and the natural environment that was typical of that. period where we are with you where you agree with. the cleft contains play with peach streaks in it this is the best material for radio carbon measurements radio carbon dating will help establish the period when the bison lived clay accumulated during cold periods where us peat forms when the climate became warmer. the joys dispersed again this is pete here you can find anything you like grass insects and little twig such perfect was more than. the bison may have been in a bold like this one but you. will be and will need to find out whether this kind of peas. is also on the other side of the bank or a. puddle do you think the ripples in this formation date back to those times and

i'm sure they do it highlights the relief of that period you know in the period when our bison lived across this wave in a lake with ripples or that the guy son was in a nice situation in one of the pits top players one thing is crystal clear it was not a natural death otherwise insects would be to not the parson's body scientists speculate that after the bison died mud quickly enveloped his polly and saved it from predators and the natural deep freeze prevented it from decomposition. it was large not just the disposable but most have been swept away by floodwaters and brought him a luxury that she was as you say it's most of being too weak to resist the flood at four when they sell you a quarter also the small amount of detail points to a building process or is it by sure it was the body was in fact in

a swamp area going to. so he might have drowned in it or the like you. mention fossils mouth tusks found in this area a unique materials. this is a stand but workshop it contains a wealth of natural specimens and manmade figurines. the moment we were beer mammoth tusks more than any other bones were very valuable if only because they were underground for thousands of years before somebody chanced upon them or them would you know and the objects we make from them will survive for hundreds of years to belike people. therefore we treasure mammoth tusks of. bone causes cancer four to make mistakes a faulty cuts cannot be done all compositions are unique works of art it is

impossible to fake or imitate each object costs a lot of money nearly all of the world's monex connoisseurs of both intellect its own physician and the greens of mammoths made from toss. the moment the mammoth tusks and fossils are best preserved in permafrost out of the would be frozen earth begins following it just decomposes the earth was going to slow to shit but the tusks are residing in the permafrost like this one are absolutely intact i see it with wood that's and she's. this is one of the permafrost areas so gazing off the scientists found at the northeastern research station the rocky bank of the river it takes four and a half hours by air to get to the nearest city xina flora tree attracts scientists college students from all over the world. they're interested in is enough studies

of permafrost and mammoths and valleys the fact that the station is far removed from civilization nearly every summer college students come here from the united states to work of various international projects. where i live is actually claim around as well but when i go to school the city says that and. that that is the way. plasticine park is one of said gazing off so most ambitious projects in recent years he has been doing his best to bring in various species of both of. these young elks are in for a long journey from a small pen to freedom. with. easy easier if you can take the boy to showcase there you go and do it you're going

to hear. what happened before and that's it pick back up well time video news if they've been around for a month one of the elks was very sick and we had to work hard to nurse him back to health. now that there are fewer mosquitoes here they're outs can be released into the fork. pleistocene pockets of the very heart of the permafrost forty kilometers from the station. during the summer it can only be reached by boat the elks a transfer to the motor boat with utmost cat. is enough as always at the will on such occasions. this is not the first time that he has used a small most of it to transport animals. to the place where i live is the world's

least accessible point economically speaking or the method of transport costs more than anywhere else we brought the mosque buffaloes by motor boat from rango island . the young adults of become accustomed to humans and learn to trust them for that reason they patiently wait for the chance to go free. park staff carry the animals by hand from the bank to the pen. but before they are led into the wild they will go through a period of a climatized nation. so gazing off the leaves that herbivores can survive in these rigorous conditions moreover they can radically change the landscape. over

a cliff and should be an open landscape that would scatter tribes bush's fur trees tiny brusa lakes sense the tree in the grass why do they mowed a grass and clarks you may ask that's because there were millions of early wars in the old peace your that there were young at the grass was their staple food it's the sort of landscape that man is used to i'm comfortable here i'm trying to recreate the natural environment in which my distant ancestors lived. so called arctic stay. existed in the north thousands of years ago an abundance of food attracted nama some other have those here early man quickly followed suit. today most of the people living in this rugged region mine precious metals.

this is a gold mining field in chukotka in russia's far east ironically it is because of the cold industry that now months of being found scraping off the top layer of permafrost in search of mineral wealth reveals these prehistoric maids but sometimes they emerge naturally. united that people don't know why permafrost sometimes looks to forms there was a shape it's because there's a foreign object lying underneath which has been there for tens or even hundreds of thousands of years on the whole the sudden permafrost begins spirit outstation shirt in the end the object shows up in the midst of tundra edging forth a case of several millimeters a year. over the course of many years the majority save unique prehistoric objects

nothing found in the permafrost they have been dug up in the russian far east altai on the southern europe's. these remains of a woolly rhino case there bison among the five horse legs and a complete one year old mammoth give us an idea of what these prehistoric animals look like. the fossils of primitive predators and her divorce provide unique material for studying animal d.n.a. from the ice age. the mom of five jakarta kabul is widely different from all known fragments of prehistoric animal. scientists of concluded that it is the world's most complete mummy of advice and it is much better preserve the blue baby the famous

mummy of a bison found in alaska. at the summer am station i was nice and this is a true scientific sensation such finds are absolutely unique when something similar is found it is just fragments in most cases but this is a perfect carcass of a voice and we can get an idea of what it looked like what was inside its body and what he ate shortly before his death and much more. than. the next scientific expedition for this cold harsh environment may well result in another sensational find remains of a cave lion been found close to the site where the trail caught kabul died.