and christine was out. in the far away line. where human life is ruled by nature. of planet earth is scarcely preserved by the curve of. international modes lie hidden in the deep permafrost. and to those who deal with them through storage times are still much of. a charmer in her broadcasting live from washington d.c. coming up today on the big picture.

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shore of the seal before its hair lies mud it down one of the most extreme regions of russia you can get the most remote parts of to costa and you cuccia from here. these are such as are after what may well turn out to be a sensation they know that something unusual has been found on the banks of one of the rivers in the country's north the scientists want to see whether the find is indeed as unique as they have been led to believe if it turns out to be true the scientific community will get an intriguing glimpse into what life was like thousands of years ago. expedition will travel across western chukotka a northeastern yakutia

a wealth of remains of extinct animals dating back to the ice age is hidden beneath the permafrost number of fossils tusks of be found here. however to find that the researches are often is something special a prehistoric bison completely mummified by nature. or some forty mummified animal remains have been found in the world since biology became a science two hundred years ago some twenty of them are more or less from good condition all the others are just fragments legs skulls and the like only two by some have been found over the years one in alaska and the other here you know from what i've seen much more is left of this one this is why it is more valuable for research it's. some time ago geologists found in a raid of mammoth fossils and this out of the way part of russia. it was the world's first and most large scale expedition of its kind scientists believe the

area is full of relics from the late place to see the park that period came to an end some eleven thousand years ago approximately the same time the last remaining mammoths died out on the rest of the continent leaving behind that tusks for mankind can perceive be a material which in this organic tooth tissue called then team is really remarkable stuff to keep after a few and this is the launch front tooth from a mammoth. it was an extraordinary animal the people who live thousands of years ago were aware of its useful properties here we use the stuff to make the first tools the ten sows even works of awesome people have always been fascinated by the material. which of course to regions village of a new risk has a population of about five hundred and the situated on the banks of the mali a newly river. nearly all the villages that

spend the brief summer in the tundra anti-god tending reindeer hunting and fishing from here the expedition heads for the site where the primitive bison was found snippets of the idea to do what the man who steers the boat tells you to recover may brush against the river bed in shallow places and if i happens don't panic people know the lay of the land well and they'll tell you what to do it needs to deal with good pay you can easily get around by water people mostly use light white votes for the purpose of explorers should be aware of the difficulties that local rivers have in store. there are geologists biologists and paleontologists among expedition members travelling to this remote and cold environment has been a cherished ambition for many of. since its formation several thousand years ago the mallee and we river has kept many secrets about the ice age in

a way it's banks. it's the clinic i see there is an abundance of animal fossils here even if people were to come from all over to dig them up it would take several years to finish the job. the expedition camps out on a patch of land by the river. a cliff where the vice money was found is across its some local soul the animal when they were travelling past the place by boat at that moment a huge chunk of permafrost collapsed into the water to reveal them on the five corpse the fine was immediately reported to fyodor should love ski is officially licensed to collect paleontological objects in this area it was fiona and organize the expedition and prepared a camp of field research. well she would you know shoot today i think we need to inspect the place and just relax

a bit of course we would like to move to that side because. she has a duty we'll do it you work in the evening everybody will come up with a plan of their own and we'll correct everything with pretty you. tagging along with the expedition is our car they should love ski both the son of the organizer and the youngest member of the group before the others arrived he had already gathered a huge number of ancient fossils found in the area the group has taken a lively interest collection. this is a bison horn. preserved because it was kept in a natural freezer. bags a lot of credit let me show you how well done. work like that for another two days and then we said you back hard. at the moment this one squat interesting it's a mammoth it's still points are divided into three sections which points to its very old age such plates are often found in early elephants.

the only number is an extinct member of the elephant family during the ice age woolly mammoths lived in most areas of eurasia or north america they isn't trunks were smaller than those of modern day elephants but their tusks are much larger. it is speculated that such mammoths lived in groups led by older females current theory suggests that they became extinct due to climate change and over hunting. the last nine months left in the late pleistocene equal. today visitors are free to take a stroll in the park dating back to the place to seeing era it's the result of the efforts of scientists. who fenced off one hundred sixty square kilometers of forest tundra shrubs lakes and swamps the park is situated seventy kilometers from

expeditions field company and yakuza is northeast the arctic ocean is only one hundred fifty kilometers away. rushing to the water in the bog that was here a few thousand years ago never dried up today there is grass here. of course is because grass when it is the least twenty twenty five centimeters long if you're for bison is fourteen centimeters it can be assumed therefore the bison nibbled at the lower grass level as the trail behind a horse's. zimm of a mr reconstruct what he calls the mouth step. this ecosystem was predominant and the optics of the late place to seen huge herds of large herbivores such as now math willy rhinos running their horses bison used to graze here. why many of the species died out approximately ten thousand years ago is still

unclear another ice age came to an end around the same time it gave way to swamps tundra the ecosystem of mt steps in the north has completely changed and she would you few days climate to you would suit mammoth steps of them are ablaze like you know unseen my minds are animals creating pastures for themselves with these horses and bison haven't seen one another for twelve thousand years but their genetic memory tells them after just a couple months of that they do you know one another i do you will recall the mammoth two are there to come that's the listing we want and they'll do our everything around here. two members of the expedition are live missy and feel the show the back of their job is to look for mammoth tusks eleven fielder are together almost all the time when it comes to

looking for fossils they parted ways neil one wants to share his secrets with the other. reason there is steep slopes all along the bank everybody knows that mammoth cells could be found here although many people are on the lookout few actually find any obviously have got some secrets to keep what you need and his job is a simulation. the first step is a careful inspection of the steep slopes from a boat molly annuity is a tributary of the river column on each spring rain and water from melted snow flood the tree the tree over flowing water washes the bank away forcing permafrost to be treated as a result big chunks of rock tumble down into the water to expose ice bound missions deep inside. the world not first of all you must know what it looks like. you should look forward everywhere. i dream about finding

a member of gold. that's my aim here of after all others have found such things. only people whose job is looking for tusks know the telltale signs of late shallow waters of the best place for tusk come to. with a great stroke of luck feel the has found a tusk of an oppressive sides. this one is easy to carry it only weighs above thirty kilograms and the full. rain has brought work at the burial sites to an abrupt halt life in the camp has come to a standstill. wealthy british

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when there was a lot of sunshine in chicago the grass and flowers grow stronger with each passing day. when the icy nisha with the bison had been found nell to weigh on the fied animal was instantly moved into an ice house and we were about to enter a unique place but it's a gift to people from the northern climates permafrost makes it possible to store food to us but it's a remarkable place there's nothing special about this small ice house but it is unique nonetheless now we get to see something even more exciting and saw it. the car door and sells the ice house while hollowed out by hand inside an enormous ice formation the walls and floor i'm

a device each year there sprayed with water ventilation is checked at the same time this makes it possible to maintain the low temperature and humidity and when you're going to trickle of experience usually warm this summer in chicago. thank you permafrost lead began to degrade and rapidly melt away and we feared we might lose the bison buried in it. consequently members of my team moved it to this ice house as fast as possible. what with. specialists instantly try to find out what caused the animals death the bison stale stands upright instead of being pressed against the body. in direct sign may indicate that quickly suffocated many others have a reason for their own. smegma glove with with the only sure it might have died when the spinal cord or skull was suddenly fractured. in other words it might have

been buried under falling rock. also it could have fallen through a crack and. when we were moving it into this cell i was saddened to see that one of its severely damaged i do you know look there's a crack at the bottom of the boat idea and that means that the skull must have suffered a serious injury. either this happened after its death or it was the cause of it step. chances are something helped it landed a natural trap. it's possible that we know that lions were around here at the time it's true permafrost is an excellent job of preserving the bison soft tissues and even characteristic smell that's a pretty strong smell there yes it smells like a cow from tuskegee. as far as can be seen there are no major injuries of the bisons called according to the tentative assessment the bison died

during the pleistocene period it's padi has spent around thirty thousand years in permafrost. scientists are delighted to see that here the bison is in the sort of environment that existed thousands of years ago. some of them are working on the bank today. he would get around to get as much information as they can when they're on the frontline as it were. the summer heat has radically changed the shape of the cliff where the prehistoric bison was found two scientists have mounted the boat not far off on the five burial plots. we've been with. this is where the normally fully poison was found we need to establish when and how the animal do it and the natural environment that was typical of that. period where to begin with you will agree. the cleft contains clay repeat streaks in

it this is the best material for radio carbon measurements radio carbon dating will help establish the period of the bison lived clay accumulated during cold periods where as peat formed here when the climate became warm. she was disposed to this is pete here you can find anything you like cross insects and little twigs such perfect was more than. the bison may have been in a bold like this one but you. and will need to find out whether this kind of peas. is also on the other side of a bank or a. puddle do you think the ripples in this formation date back to those times i'm sure they do it highlights the relief of the period between the period when our bison lived. in a lake with ripples of its. the bison was in a nice situation in one of the pete's top players one thing is crystal clear it was

not a natural death otherwise insects would be to not the parson's body scientists speculate that after the bison died mudge quickly enveloped his body and saved it from predators and the natural deep freeze prevented it from decomposition. was and was not. disposable the tele boysen might have been swept away by floodwaters and brought him. with its most of being too weak to resist the flood four and these are huge i thought also the small amount of p.t. according to a building process is about it was that the boy's body was in fact in a swamp that is. so emotive groaned and it will go at you. ancient fossils mouth tusks found in this area a unique materials called. this is

a standard but workshop it contains a wealth of natural specimens and manmade figurines. the moment we are vere mammoth tusks more than any other bones with their valuable if only because they were underground for thousands of years before somebody chanced upon them. from a jail and the objects we make from them will survive for hundreds of years to delight people. therefore we treasure mammoth tusks of a. bone called as contra fold to make the stakes a faulty cut cannot be done all compositions are unique works of it is impossible to fake or imitate each object costs a lot of money nearly all of the world's moments connoisseurs and both intellect its own traditional. the greens of mammoths made tusks the moment of mammoth tusks

and fossils are best preserved in permafrost out of the woody frozen earth begins thawing with littlest decomposers of the earth with inspiration but what does kes residing in permafrost like this one are absolutely intact as you hold would of thought and she's. this is one of the permafrost areas certainly is him off a scientist founded the northeastern research station the rocky bank of the river it takes four and a half hours by air to get to the nearest city is enough laboratory a trap scientists college students from all over the world. they're interested in is enough studies of permafrost and mammoths and valley the fact that the station is far removed from civilization nearly every summer college students come here from the united states to work on there is international projects. where i

live is that for a player as well but where you go to school that is the set for that and then after that that is the way. feist a scene park is one of said gazing off so most ambitious projects in recent years he has been doing his best to bring in various species of herbivores. these young elks are in for a long journey from a small pen to freedom. easy easier if. you know where to show ok there you go. future. behavior. looking for pets it take that wealth of food and use if they've been around for a month to be one of the elks was very sick and we had to work hard to nor seemed back to healthcare now that there are fewer mosquitoes here there extend be

released into the pork ok case. closed to scene pock is a very hot permafrost forty kilometers from the station. during the summer it can only be reached by boat the elks are transferred to the motel with utmost care. in office always at the wheel on such occasions. this is not the first time that he has used this small motor boat to transport tunnels. here the place where i live is the world's least accessible point economically speaking or the method of transport costs more than anywhere else we brought the most buffaloes by motorboat from rango island.

the young elks of become accustomed to humans and learn to trust them for that which is and they pay should they wait for the chance to go free. puc staff carried the animals by hand from the bank to the pen. but the fall they're led into the wild they will go through a period of a climatized nation. people. off the leaves the herbivores can survive in these rigorous conditions moreover they can radically change the landscape. all over a good bit should be an open landscape with scattered shrubs bush's fur trees tiny bruce a lake scent trimmed grass why do they mow the grass and corpse you may ask that's because there were millions of early wars in the old days your had their way you

have a grass was there staple food it's the sort of landscape that man is used to i'm comfortable here i'm trying to recreate the natural environment in which my distant ancestors lived. so cool the arctic steps existed in the north thousands of years ago an abundance of food attracted not some other herbivores here early man quickly followed suit. today most of the people living in this rugged region mine precious metals. this is a gold mining field in chukotka in russia's far east ironically it is the cause of the gold industry that now matzoh been found scraping off the top layer of

permafrost in search of mineral wealth reveals these prehistoric names but sometimes they emerge naturally. you know people don't know why permafrost sometimes looks to forms it's because there's a foreign object lying underneath which has been there for tens or even hundreds of thousands of years and all the sudden permafrost begins spirit out in the end the object shows up in the midst of tundra not edging for the pace of several millimeters a year. over the course of many years the majority of unique prehistoric objects have been found in the permafrost they have been dug up in the russian far east altai on the southern europe. these remains of a woolly rhino cave that bison among the five horse legs and

a complete one year old mammoth all give us an idea of what these prehistoric animals looked like. the fossils of primitive predators and her divorce provide unique material for studying animal d.n.a. from the ice age. the number five called kabul is widely different from all known fragments of prehistoric hoofed animals. scientists have concluded that it is the world's most complete mummy of a bison it is much better preserved the fruit baby the famous mummy of bison found in alaska. at the summer. this is a true scientific sensation such finds are absolutely unique when something similar

is found it is just fragments in most cases but this is a perfect carcass of a voice or we can get an idea of what it looked like what was inside its body and what he ate shortly before his death and much more. the next scientific expedition to this cold harsh environment may well result in another subsection of find remains of a cave liar been found close to the sites where the chicago bulls died. download the official on seattle occasion joe i phone or i pod touch from the i choose apps to. life. video on demand.