with the business over russia this. was not to live for moscow here's a look at the top stories israelis and palestinians are urged to return to the negotiating table as a middle east quartet lays down a vicious new goals to ride the momentum of the palestinian statehood bid at the un . education stagnation shock new figures reveal one of five british youngsters leave school without basic literacy and are struggling to find jobs as a result. russia's ruling party holds its annual conference as speculation mounts over whether this could be the place and the time to announce who will stand for the presidency in two thousand and twelve. and market meltdown is the worst trading

week in new york and the us is a crisis of two thousand and eight as fears of a double dip recession grow despite the efforts of the i.m.f. and more than. just realize here in our latest technology news and a clue as gadgets and updates coming your way. hello and welcome to technology in this episode we'll be exploring the revolution going on in atomic energy the need for increasing amounts of power is being tempered by fears of nuclear proliferation and safety concerns over the next twenty five minutes we'll be asking just how peaceful is the peaceful ad of as developing

nations getting richer and more populous global demand for energy is on the rise according to estimates world electricity consumption is said to grow by more than seventy five percent by two thousand and thirty five. as many countries are worried about the harmful effects of fossil fuels have on the climate there's a big push to move away from calls gas and oil for power generation. but they believe the world's consumption of electricity is growing and subtle is production of the figure has been basically stable for many years sometimes it can vary from quite a number of reasons but generally one should note that global electricity consumption is growing at an year old rates of about three to five percent this is a trend evolution progress and development of all civilization in general. as he through the option of national. and atomic energy is going to have to play

a big part in meeting our increasing needs there are currently around fifty new reactors under construction in the world for the next twenty years electricity production from nuclear power is projected to more than double the present there's at least thirty countries operating more than four hundred nuclear power plants worldwide the united states has by far the largest number of facilities. they may be the leader in nominal terms nuclear energy certainly plays the biggest role in france were accounts for about seventy five percent of all electricity generation earlier this year iran fired up its long delayed to share reactor and connect it to the nation's power grid for western nations are suspicious of their intentions officials in tehran and argue that they're only interested in the peaceful benefits of nuclear technology but when you speak about nuclear reactors it's not the only concern it's still chatter. discharge meltdown of course.

the disaster in japan has reignited some fears about the dangers associated with atomic energy even though the march two thousand and eleven incident was the result of a unique sequence of events many anti-nuclear activists think it's just a matter of time before the next disaster strikes the scenario how it could happen could be bad different you do not need tsunami or. eat because there was it that we have a few months human being. mistakes. culture of labor that thread has driven many concerned citizens out onto the streets in protests hundreds of thousands in germany alone the nation's parliament passed legislation designed to eventually make the country nuclear free of this renewed concern was not isolated to just germany similar rallies took place in korea taiwan and france as well despite the ongoing worries about the viability of nuclear power we're likely going to continue to rely on atomic energy for at least a part of our needs russian scientists and engineers are drawing on decades of

experience to make the next generation of reactors as safe as possible but in order to understand the future we have to look to the past which takes us to the belly arced power station in some one thousand miles east of moscow the plan began life as one of the most advanced nuclear power stations in the world. struction what was to become the club's first graphite moderated reactor got underway in nine hundred fifty eight and a few years later a second more powerful reactor was built together the two generated more than two hundred fifty megawatts of electricity or enough to provide a city of one million people with lighting and other modern amenities. look at present nuclear capacity the vast majority of the world's atomic power comes from pressurized water reactors there are about two hundred fifty of this kind in operation across the globe these old cell reactors are most prevalent in france as

well as in the u.s. and russia next we have boiling water reactors and these are the coolant isn't as highly pressurized which allows it to boil hence its name about half of japan's nuclear plants are of this design gas called reactors has a name suggests utilize gas instead of water which often allows these to transfer much more chic to the generator resulting in greater efficiency then there are white water graphite moderator reactors which are called high power channel reactors in the former soviet union lastly a pressurized heavy water reactors are most common in canada here in. the data designs of the past and we're pushing ahead with that breeder reactors while the technology isn't exactly brand new it's still thought to be the future of nuclear energy production. this is what's called belly arced three or the first and only currently operating reactor on the site to be in six hundred is housed here which has been churning out electricity and thermal heat for the region's residents since one thousand nine hundred eighty. they've been six hundred care units has been

operating for over thirty years on from so it's alteration license has been extended still twenty twenty. good prospects in terms of producing green you build nuclear fuel and fast neutron reactors like the b. and six hundred energy is produced in the core when fast neutrons are absorbed by a fist so isotopes like uranium to the. five a fast neutron to travels at a very high speed around fourteen million meters per second after an isotope captures one of these neutrons it forms a highly unstable variation that then quickly turns into energy in the form of heat and more neutrons criticality is reached when there's enough fissile isotopes to sustain a chain reaction unlike in traditional thermal reactors there's no moderator involved which allows the free neutrons to was around at speeds fast enough to keep the reaction going. despite it's religiously old age it's still on the cutting edge of

nuclear technology in fact sodium cooled fast neutron reactors like the b. and six hundred have been designated by the u.s. department of energy as the next generation of nuclear power if the core surrounded by a fertile flake if your rainy into thirty eight you can create a new nuclear fuel from spent a usable material when operating in the so-called greener mode fast reactors like the pm six hundred can create more fuel than they actually burn that can then be used at other nuclear power plants as fuel. for the feeling of many innovative solutions will be implemented in the design of this power unit supposing all of this reactor is based on the principles of natural self protection. to be in the six hundred power units active certain as a very even how it density feels the pressure in science of a still is very low which ensures a reduced load on live reactor vessel cuts given the sodium which is used as the

coolant is not very corrosive in nature which has a positive impact on construction materials that's a pretty way so to triple circuit cooling system has been applied as well as an intermediate city circuit in which the city in is no longer radioactive it's all the same that flows into turbo generators is already having a number a directive. thanks to that technology the reactor is able to churn out six hundred megawatts of electricity from this hot steam is turned into power and delivered to the region's grid to get a longer lease of life the place generators are modernized a host of other changes were made to make it even safer. according to the design there was initially no reserve control point three three had to upgrade it in order to extend its operation therefore a reserve controlled point was built this includes the key technological features

required to supervising they react is condition in the case of an emergency failure because a reserve control board is necessary for such emergencies. but that reserve point is only necessary if something were to go wrong with this may control room from here all the plans files are constantly monitored while there have been a handful of incidents with the b.n. six hundred reactor all of them were minor and do not fire so designated urgency action however officials are now confident that all the kinks have been worked out but all the plants new safety features and technology haven't come cheap. generally fast neutral react to serve presently somewhat more expensive but with time as prices for nuclear fuel keep rising as a result of diminishing resources fast reactors will bring greater demand this is a general trend all over the world recognized by france india china and even the

u.s. has resumed its work in this field. as the price for uranium goes up russia will be in a better position than most that's because in addition to the already operating be at six hundred in the coming years they'll be the next generation to be an eight hundred. seventy active construction of the unit again in two thousand and six that's when we finished. building that for the main whistle and construct just a poem three need to think monolithic so i have to go to the director and a one meter thick bloke for the turbine hole or. work on the fourth reactor delhi yard actually started back in one thousand nine hundred three the construction was halted in one thousand nine hundred six following the disaster churn noble since that time however the authorities have realized the increasing need for clean efficient energy for that reason back in two thousand and six the russian government added there would be an eight hundred to a federal program aimed it developing the country's nuclear power capacity

construction is well advanced on billy arsk for which will how is the first to be an eight hundred reaction from the afrikaans of design bureau but that's not the only thing claimed at the site. you see in red is what's already been built green is still under construction as you can imagine the main building is the one that will housed the b.n. eight hundred reactor but of nearly equal importance is the waste treatment facility highly radioactive material will be transformed into a new fuel and in a few years' time construction should also be going on to other structures to be in twelve hundred reactor and the lead cooled breast three hundred. a number of innovative solutions have been adopted in the be an eight hundred designed to enhance nuclear and radiation safety crucially the new reactor mines on low operating pressure the natural high thermal capacity of sodium as well as i do layer protective vessel to ensure problem free operation just like the v.n.

six hundred the new reactor will be able to work in breeder mode which means they can create new fuel for other power plants. based on an agreement with the united states the reactor value arsk can be used to refer to weapons grade plutonium which ought to help the nonproliferation efforts. this reactor has all the best elements that were used in debian six hundred of those were. certain modifications that arose during the operation of the reactor as you may know the v.n. six hundred has been in operation for more than thirty years so of course it was invaluable to have both the manufacturing plans and the design bureau the took part in producing and designing the b.n. six hundred appointed most experienced this time while the b. and six hundred laid the groundwork for the current reactor under construction and the experience being gained from the d.n.a. eight hundred is already being put to use here and where you can find the institute for physics and power engineering. it's been a leading scientific center since the days of the soviet union there are currently

working on another fast neutral reactor to be in twelve hundred. of these are developed with the play in increasing role in the country's nuclear industry. small series the twelve hundred power units could be used to develop a few infrastructure necessary for fast reacted technology which would allow us to start introducing reactors on an intensive basis in the nuclear power industry by the twenty first. despite its increased production capacity up to one thousand two hundred megawatts the reactor core is expected to be significantly smaller in size than its predecessors but innovation here and doesn't stop with the series scientists are also researching other types of liquid metal coolant the most promising appears to be another high powered fast neutron reactor cooled by lead bismuth high capacity fast neutron reactors are not the only way forward for

russia's nuclear industry i team of engineers is working on a new design it takes a totally different approach to atomic energy. centers of culture confines of technological innovation as the workforce of the country's nuclear industry for conscious design bureau is developing the very latest high temperature gas cooled power plants. in one thousand nine hundred five. there was a renewed interest in this technology. the russian ministry of atomic energy signed an international agreement with private companies. generally atomics from the united states from its home m three g. electric from japan. joint projects called g t m a charge was launched as part of the public private partnership for a year. another project under designed as a helium turbine reactor and some ways it acts like a normal nuclear power station to greatly improves both safety and efficiency he

does transfer to electricity generator by high pressure helium gas rather than through pipes containing water and only has one heat transfer mechanism instead of two or more. that means the generator will be much more effective than traditional setups simply put a loads of complex hardware are needed but that offers not only benefits in terms of efficiency but should make the helium reactor safer as well without any water involved in the heat transfer there's no risk of a steam explosion. because of its huge mass the presence of temperature resistant cereals and the absence of metallic materials the x. of zone can never melt this property is insured by the type of materials used by special configuration of the actives own. engineers are hard work to put the projects into practice in addition to

a safer reactor number of innovations should reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation for one think the special design of its fuel ensured that weapons grade plutonium is destroyed in the fission process in two thousand and ten the gas turbine modulus of the reactor was included in an international nuclear disposition strategy together with other nuclear institutes around russia the africa. the design is in the process of testing many of the newly developed technologies in the end this reactor can produce nearly three hundred megawatts of electricity powering your t.v. is only one of the ways but it could mean if it you. the question is cheap the nuclear energy sector focus on base nisha and the immense market of known illiterate complications of atomic power that's exactly what we've been doing researching and developing projects under really seen the implementation of nuclear energy and the known electrics fear fear

a minute these. one way that this new reactor type could find its place in the market concerns how we get from point a to point b. over a quarter of all energy related carbon emissions come from transport a figure that the i.a.e.a. predicts to double in twenty years time and with international arrangements like the kyoto protocol many missions are counting carbon emissions like i show calories at the high temperature inside the reactor cool able to produce hydrocarbons such as hydrogen from through a chemical and electrochemical decomposition of a stroke that essentially means that we can get a new fuel source to power our cars just from water as the world's population continues to grow people are moving further and further afield to live work and get at precious natural resources a new russian design will soon bring the benefits of nuclear energy to the most remote locations though the technology making that possible everything to the linen no not that linen the nuclear powered icebreaker in one hundred fifty nine it was

the first of a country's civil atomic fleet nearly twenty years later the arctic of which was used as the police model for most of hit the water after it since then russia has been tearing through the arctic steak ice thanks to extra strong holes and they just push provided by nuclear powered engines to food to bew russia's churned out increasing this if. to katyn models like a timer and your mom the most recent addition to the nuclear powered civil fleet is a ship whose name could be translated as the fiftieth anniversary of victory this behemoth is the final arctic a classic icebreaker the vessel has no problems dealing with whatever the freezing cold water up north throws at it with its atomic germ propeller and innovative spoon shaped out it can cut through ice up to nearly ten feet thick at both the top cruising speed of over twenty one knots and now that it's seaboard it can be used to clear the way for cargo ships navigating the northern passage. it's also

function as a tourist vessel leaving trips up to the north pole. its home has been outfitted with additional cabins as was a swimming pool gym a library and restaurants. all ships like this are impressive in their own right what's really exceptional is what's being developed on the basis of their nuclear technology. to me since the beginning of this century nurture our industry has been actively working on an innovative and absolutely unique project a special bird was nuclear station unique in every sense of the word that means school safety requirements of the russian technical supervisory authority serum the russian maritime register a shipping. and international supervising organizations including the international atomic energy agency. again here i'm talking about the floating new clear path plant. modest or was zero russia is using the core technology

for nuclear powered subs and icebreakers to build a mobile power stations these could in theory be dr anywhere along the coast where they can offer a stable supply of both electricity and heat to nearby populations in many cases they'll be more economical for coal and oil supplies remain costly in difficult each flooring plant will be far less expensive than traditional nuclear stations and could produce enough energy to power a city of two hundred thousand insidious to yours. ministrations and governments of countries are the presently experiencing a shortage of energy are greatly interested in this project. primarily these are island states such as in the southeast asian region as well as a number of developing states still. don't have the opportunity to use technologies

that are very much interested in the most. it's. the first of these floating in outposts is academic a lot of construction on its twenty one and a half thousand ton hole started back in two thousand and seven the massive vessel was outfitted with two modified cayle forty eight s reactors originally designed for nuclear ships and submarines that. was launched into the waters off of st petersburg in two thousand and ten and is slated to come online sometime next year and value chains a city on russia's come chapter peninsula quite fittingly it will help provide energy to the atomic submarine base out in the far east in addition to supplying power to isolated communities officials expect to be great demand for ships like this which could also power offshore oil rigs. a global professional community recognizes russia's leadership in this sphere. and also

a certain concern from the viewpoint of competitive advantage in this area work through a. given the country's edge in a trial it should building there's likely going to be a lot more work to be done at this production facility at the baltics can shipyard the floating power plants will be constructed here with the reactors and then shipped off to their final destinations whoever that may be. after which is responsible for the project the only. policing the ships to other nations means that if and when the time comes to pull up anchor the power plant and any potentially dangerous material will be towed back to russia since the forty power plants are based on tried and true technology and utilize existing production facilities to simply nothing standing in the way of turning the idea into a money making cash cow while the massive barge may get all the glory in press

visits and photos the whole thing is only as powerful as the reactor at the heart of it. the k c s is a reactor unit that's used as the energy source of the floating nuclear power station . that's being built in st petersburg right now. so it's based on the reactor. breakers of the russian fleet. however into love graded ensure higher level of safety. board russia's floating nuclear barges to be true of these bad boys each cayle t. forty as is designed to pump out around thirty five megawatts of electricity and produce about two hundred forty tons of steam power is a pressurized water reactor fueled by enriched uranium according to the designers

of the nuclear fuel up to about fifteen to eighteen percent some argue that having such radioactive material just bobbing the waves off the coast could make these ships both the safety and proliferation risk for them or they could be a potential terrorist target officials however claim that they're even safer than land based reactors. the modified stations were designed and built in. by the afrikaans of design bureau the same company responsible for work on some of the others highlighted earlier in the program in this design the skilled russian engineers have turned their watchful eyes and. super powerful computers to maximizing efficiency and safety of russia's floating nuclear fleet. using the latest technology these engineers are able to map out bit by bit just what the finished product will look like as well as one models to test how will perform under specified conditions. with the calle t forty s. already taking care of them now focus their attention to the next generation

reactor for floating power stations. we didn't start with the project we've developed and almost finalized a project for a new floating prime station unit this will be a new integral reactor that presently there's nothing like this in the world just yet this project is being developed with the help of the supercomputer technologies . in addition to providing a new source of energy these nuclear reactors can help solve and other global problems the he in steam produced can be used to desalinate water which can turn a dry thirsty city into a desert away says it's indisputable that more and more energy will be needed to meet the world's growing demand of course there are risks involved with nuclear power but thanks to innovations like those you've seen today the industry is doing it's hard to balance potential threats and benefits so we'll see you next time and until then enjoy the ride.

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