why here in the deep. into those new with. stored times are still. welcome back you're watching our teen on the guessing game is over a president would be out of on prime minister gordon could swap jobs after the twenty twelve presidential election pledging to continue the path of modernization and a canonic stability if they when. palestine the united states good bit of euphoria degenerate into clashes this crowd in the west bank find themselves battling have only armed israeli riot squads. and europe's top financial figures plan for an inevitable greek default that's according to a report that follows sliding markets and spreading fears of a double dip recession. what next hour as he takes you to an archaeologist paradise

russia's far east discover all the marvels of the region carefully preserved under layers of permafrost. the shore of the seal before it's here lies mother down one of the most extreme regions of russia you can get to the most remote parts of to costa and you're cuccia from here. these researches are off to what may well turn out to be a sensation they know that something unusual has been found on the banks of one of the rivers in the country's north the scientists want to see whether the find is indeed as unique as they have been led to believe if it turns out to the truth the scientific community will get an intriguing glimpse to what life on earth was like thousands of years ago.

expedition will travel across western chukotka a northeastern yakutia a wealth of remains of extinct animals dating back to the ice age is hidden beneath the permafrost number of fossils tusks of the found here. however the find that the researches are after is something special a cream historic bison completely mummified by nature. which some forty mummified animal remains have been found in the world since biology became a science two hundred years ago some twenty of them are more or less from good condition all the others are just fragments legs skulls and the like only two pies and have been found over the years one in alaska and the other here you know from what i've seen that much more is left of this one this is why it is more valuable for research. some time ago geologists found than

a rave mammoth fossils and this out of the way part of russia. it was the world's first and most large scale expedition of its kind scientists believe the area is full of relics from the late pleistocene epoch that period came to an end some eleven thousand years ago at approximately the same time the last remaining mammoths died out on the rest of the continent leaving behind their tusks for mankind can perceive be of that material which in this organic to tissue called then teen is really remarkable stuff to keep after a few and this is the launch front tooth from a mammoth. it was an extraordinary animal the people who live thousands of years ago were aware of its useful properties here we use the stuff to make the first tools utensils even works of art people have always been fascinated by the material . which of course to region is village of a new risk as

a population of about five hundred and to situated on the banks of the mali a newly river. nearly all the villages that spend the brief summer in the tundra anti-god tending reindeer hunting and fishing from here the expedition heads for the site with the primitive bison was found snippets of the id show to do what the man who steers the boat tells you to repel may brush against the river bed in shallow places and if i happens don't panic people know the lay of the land well and they'll tell you what to do with me teach what you. could here you can easily get around by water people mostly use light white votes for the purpose of explorers should be aware of the difficulties that local rivers have in store. there are geologists biologists and paleontologists among expedition members travelling to this remote

and cold environment has been a cherished ambition for many of. since its formation several thousand years ago the mallee and we river has kept many secrets about the ice age in a way and its banks. is the cleanest there is an abundance of animal fossils here even if people were to come from all over to dig them up it would take several years to finish the job. the expedition camps out on a patch of land by the river. a cliff where the bison money was found is across its some local sol the animal when they were travelling past the place by boat at that moment a huge chunk of permafrost collapsed into the water to reveal the mummified corpse the fine was immediately reported to fyodor should love ski is officially licensed to collect paleontological objects in this area it was ffion to an organized

expedition and prepared a camp of field research. but she would get no shit today i think that we need to inspect the place and just relax a bit of course we would like to move to that side because. she's here illegally we'll do it you work in the evening everybody will come up with a plan of their own and i will correct everything with you. tagging along with the expedition is our county should love ski both the son of the organizer and the youngest member of the group before the others arrived he had already gathered a huge number of ancient fossils found in the area the group has taken a lively interest collection. this is a bison horn. preserve because it was kept in a natural freezer. bags a lot of credit let me show you how well done. for another two days and then we said you back her. at the moment this one squad interesting it's

a mammoth it's still points are divided into three sections which points to its very old age such plates are often found in early elephants. the only number is an extinct member of the elephant family during the ice age woolly mammoths lived in most areas of eurasia or north america there is a trunks was smaller than those of modern day elephants but their tusks are much larger. it is speculated that such mammoths lived in groups led by older females current theory suggests that they became extinct due to climate change and over hunting. the last nine months lived in the late pleistocene equal. today visitors are free to take a stroll in the park dating back to the place to see nira it's the result of the efforts of scientists. who fenced off one hundred sixty square kilometers of forest

tundra trub lakes and swamps a park is situated seventy kilometers from the expedition's field company and your cause is northeast the arctic ocean is only one hundred fifty kilometers away. the question to the water in the bog that was here fifteen years ago never dried up today there is grass here this of course is because the grass when it is the least twenty twenty five centimeters long if you're for bison is fourteen centimeters it can be assumed therefore the bison nibbled at the lower crest level as the trail behind a horse's. zimm of aim is to reconstruct what he calls the mouth step this ecosystem was predominant and the optics of the late place to seen huge herds of large herbivores such as namath's willy rhinos running their horses bison used

to graze here. why many of the species died out approximately ten thousand years ago is still unclear another ice age came to an end around the same time it gave way to swamps tundra the ecosystem of none of the steps in the north had completely changed and she would you few days climate to you would suit mammoth steps of them are oblique i.q. and seen my mind so animals creating pastures for themselves would you be getting these horses and bison haven't seen one another for twelve thousand years but their genetic memory tells them after just a couple months of that they do you know one another i do you will recall the mammoth two are there they count that's the listening we want and they'll devour everything around here. two members of the

expedition i live missy and feel to share the bulk of their job is to look for mammoth tusks eleven fielder are together almost all the time when it comes to looking for fossils they parted ways neil one wants to share his secrets with the other. reason there is steep slopes all along the bank everybody knows that mammoth tells can be found here although many people are on the lookout few actually find any obviously have got some secrets to keep what you need in his job as a simulation. the first step is a careful inspection of the steep slopes from a quote tamale annuity is a tributary of the river column on each spring rain and water from melted snow flood the tree the tree over flowing water washes the bank away forcing permafrost to retreat as a result big chunks of rock tumble down into the water to expose ice bound missions deep inside. the mcdonald's not first of all you must know what it looks like.

you should look forward everywhere. i dream about finding a minimum of gold or that's my aim you know after all others have found such things . only people whose job is looking for tusks know the telltale signs of where they hide shallow waters the best place for tusk country. with a great stroke of luck feel the has found a tusk of impressive size. going around this one is easy to carry it only weighs above thirty kilograms.

rain has brought work at the burial sites to an abrupt halt life in the camp has come to a standstill. ultimately the future of the weapons grade plutonium is turned into a vital new resource nuclear waste becomes a fuel friendly to the environment energy i'll pose a modest gains of the earth russian scientists lead the way in making these innovations a reality imagine a future free from the fears of nuclear apocalypse the peaceful revolution in the comic energy on technology update we've got the future covered wealthy british style. market finance scandals find out what's really happening to the global economy

with max concert for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune into cars a report on our feet. when there was a lot of sunshine in chicago cut the grass and follows close stronger with each passing day. when the icy nice with the bison to be found melted away mummified animal was instantly moved into an ice house and we think we're about to enter a unique place but it's a gift people from the northern climates will come across makes it possible to store food. it's a remarkable place there's nothing special about this small ice house but it is unique nonetheless and now we get see something even more exciting in science. the

corridor and cells of the ice house were hollowed out by hand inside an enormous ice formation the walls and floor i'm a device each year they're sprayed with water ventilation is checked at the same time this makes it possible to maintain the low temperature and humidity. experienced usually warm this summer in chicago. but you know permafrost began to degrade and rapidly melt away and we feared we might lose the bison buried in it. consequently members of my team moved it to this ice house as fast as possible. what with. specialists instantly try to find out what caused the animal's death the bisons tail stands upright instead of being pressed against the body this in direct sign may indicate that quickly suffocated many others have

a reason for their own. the only sure it might have died when the spinal cord or skull was suddenly fractured. in other words it might have been buried in the falling rock. also it could have fallen through a crack and. when we were moving it into this cell i was saddened to see that one of its severely damaged i do you know look there's a crack at the bottom of the boat idea one means that the skull must have suffered a serious injury. either this happened after its death or it was the cause or it's there. chances are something helped it landed a natural trap. it's possible that we know the lions were around here at the time it's true permafrost is an excellent job of preserving the bison soft tissues and even characteristic smell that's a pretty strong smell there yes it smells like

a cow from tuskegee. as far as can be seen there are no major injuries of the parsons called according to the tentative assessment the bison died during the pleistocene period it's probably has spent around thirty thousand years in permafrost. scientists are delighted to see that here the bison is in the sort of environment that existed thousands of years ago. some of them working on the bank today. he would get around to get as much information as they can when they're on the frontline as it were. the summer heat has radically changed the shape of the cliff where the prehistoric bison was found to scientists to blunt that boat not far off on the five burial plots. we've been with them if this is where the normally fully poison was found we need to establish when and how the

animal delayed and the natural environment that was typical of that. period. with you will you agree. the cleft contains clay with peach streaks in it this is the best material for radio carbon measurements radio carbon dating will help establish the period on the bus and lived clay accumulated during cold periods where i speak for when the climate became warmer. she was just ok this is peach here you can find anything you like cross insects and little twig such perfect was more than. the bison may have been in a bold like this one but you. and will need to find out whether this kind of peas. is also on the other side of a bank or a. puddle do you think the ripples in this formation date back to those times i'm sure they do internalize the relief of the period between the period when our

bison lived. in a lake with ripples of its. the bison was in a nice situation one of the peeps top players one thing is crystal clear it was not a natural death otherwise insects would be to not the parsons body scientists speculate that after the bison died mudge quickly enveloped his body and saved it from predators and the natural deep freeze prevented it from decomposition. was and was not. disposable the tele boysen might have been swept away by floodwaters and brought him. its most of being too weak to resist the flood. and these are usually i thought also the small amount of p.t. a points to a building process is about actually it was that there wasn't a body as was in fact in a swarm of well as you so emotive droned it avoids you. ancient

fossils mouth tusks found in this area a unique materials carves. this is a standard but workshop it contains a wealth of natural specimens and manmade figurines. the moment we were beer mammoth tusks more than any other bones with their valuable if only because they were underground for thousands of years before somebody chanced upon them. some would you know and the objects we make from them will survive for hundreds of years to delight people and. therefore we treasure mammoth tusks of. bone causes consul fold to make the stakes a faulty cut cannot be done all compositions are unique works of art it is impossible to fake or imitate each object costs

a lot of money nearly all of the world's monex connoisseurs and both intellects own traditional. figurines of mammoths made from tusks the moment the mammoth does six and fossils are best preserved in permafrost the would be frozen earth begins flowing with littlest decomposes of the earth within facility but what does six residing in permafrost like this one are absolutely intact as it were the sort of and she's. this is one of the permafrost areas certainly is him off a scientist founded the northeastern research station the rocky bank of the river it takes four and a half hours by air to get to your coats and their city is enough laboratory a trap scientists college students from all over the world. they're interested in zim of studies of permafrost and mammoths and valley the fact that the station is far removed from civilization nearly every summer college students come here from

the united states to work and there is international projects. where i live is that for a player only as well but where you go to school that is the belief that this is the bit and then that that is the lack of. twice to see in park is one of said gazing off so most ambitious projects in recent years he has been doing his best to bring in various species of herbivores. these young elks are in for a long journey from a small pen to freedom. easy easy or you can take him over the shell k. there you go. future. behavior. working for tests it take that well that if you don't use if they've been around for

a month one of the elks was very sick and we had to work hard to nor seem back to health. now that there are fewer mosquitoes here their acts can be released into the park. taking. place to scene park is a very hot permafrost forty kilometers from the station. during the summer it can only be reached by boat the elks are transferred to the motion with utmost catch. him off is always at the wheel on such occasions. this is not the first time that he has used this small multiple to transport tunnels. near the place where i live is the world's least accessible point economically speaking or the method of

transport costs more than anywhere else if we brought the most buffaloes by motor boat from rango oil. the young adults have become accustomed to humans and learn to trust them for that reason they patiently wait for the chance to go free. park staff carried the animals by hand from the bank to the pen. but the fall they're led into the wild they will go through a period of a climatized ation. off the leaves the herbivores can survive in these rigorous conditions moreover they can radically change the landscape. all over a good bit should be an open landscape with scattered shrubs whooshes fir trees

tiny bruce a lake sent the tree in the grass why do they mow the grass and corpse you may ask that's because there were millions of early wars in the old days your that there where you have a crass was there staple food it's the sort of landscape that man is used to i'm comfortable here i'm trying to recreate the natural environment in which my distant ancestors lived. so cool the arctic steps existed in the north thousands of years ago an abundance of food attracted nama some other have those. early man quickly followed suit. today most of the people living in this rugged region mine precious metals.

this is a gold mining field in chukotka in russia's far east ironically it is the cause of the gold industry that now matzoh been found scraping off the top layer of permafrost in search of mineral wealth reveals these prehistoric names but sometimes they emerge naturally. people don't know why permafrost sometimes looks to forms it's because there's a foreign object lying underneath which has been there for tens or even hundreds of thousands of years and all the sudden permafrost begins spirit out in the end the object shows up in the midst of tundra not edging for the place of several millimeters a year. over the course of many years the majority of unique prehistoric objects have been found in the permafrost they have been dug up in the russian far east

altai on the southern europe. these remains of a woolly rhino cave bear bison among the five horse legs and a complete one year old mammoth all give us an idea of what these prehistoric animals look like. the fossils of primitive predators the boards provide unique material for studying animal d.n.a. from the ice age. the moment five called kobol is widely different from all known fragments of prehistoric hoofed animals. scientists have concluded that it is the world's most complete mummy of advice and it is much better preserved the fruit baby the famous mummy of a bison found in alaska. at the summer. this is

a true scientific sensation such finds are absolutely unique something similar is found it is just fragments in most cases but this is a perfect carcass of a voice or we can get an idea of what it looked like what was inside its body and what it ate shortly before his death and much more. the next scientific expedition to this cold harsh environment may well result in another subsection or find remains of a cave lying been found close to the site where the chilcote kubel died.

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