welcome back you're watching our team is the guessing game is over president and brian mr putin could swap jobs after the twenty twelve presidential election pledging to continue the path of modernization and economic stability if a web. palestine's un state has been euphoria degenerate into clashes of crowds in the west bank find themselves battling have only armed israeli riot squads. and you have stop financial figures plan for an inevitable greek default that's according to a leaked report that follows sliding markets and spreading fears of

a double dip recession. with rising demand for energy especially electricity the world is in need of new resources while next we cover the future of renewable power our technology update. hello and welcome to technology update in this episode we'll be exploring the revolution going on in atomic energy the need for increasing amounts of power is the tempered by fears of nuclear proliferation and safety concerns over the next twenty five minutes we'll be asking just how peaceful is the peaceful out of as developing nations get richer and more populous global demand for energy is on the rise according to estimates world electricity consumption is said to grow by more

than seventy five percent by two thousand and thirty five. with many countries worried about the harmful effects of fossil fuels have on the climate there's a big push to move away from calls gas and oil for power generation. but they believe the world's consumption of electricity is growing meeting and subtle is production of the figure has been basically stable for many years sometimes it can vary for quite a number of reasons but generally one should note that global electricity consumption is growing at annual rates of about three to five percent this is a trend evolution progress and developments of all civilization in general. as he threw rocks serious. and atomic energy is going to have to play a big part in meeting our increasing needs there are currently around fifty new reactors under construction in the world for the next twenty years electricity

production from nuclear power is projected to more than a double present there's at least thirty countries operating more than four hundred nuclear power plants worldwide the united states has by far the largest number of facilities. while they may be the leader in nominal terms nuclear energy certainly plays the biggest role in france where it counts for about seventy five percent of all electricity generation earlier this year iran fired up its long delayed to share reactor and connect it to the nation's power grid while western nations are suspicious of their intentions officials in tehran argue that they're only interested in the peaceful benefits of nuclear technology but when you speak about nuclear reactors it's not the only concern it's still chatter. discharge a meltdown of the core in our liking for. the disaster in japan has reignited some fears about the dangers associated with atomic energy even though the march two thousand and eleven incident was the result of

a unique sequence of events many anti-nuclear activists think it's just a matter of time before the next disaster strikes the scenario how it could happen could be absolutely different you do not need tsunami or quake for each have car was a technique of human human being. mistakes. culture of labor that thread has driven many concerned citizens out onto the streets and protests hundreds of thousands in germany alone the nation's parliament passed legislation designed to eventually make the country nuclear free of this renewed concern was not isolated to just germany similar rallies took place in korea taiwan and france as well despite the ongoing worries about the viability of nuclear power we're likely going to continue to rely on atomic energy for at least a part of our needs russian scientists and engineers are drawing on decades of experience to make the next generation of reactors as safe as possible but in order

to understand the future we have to look to the past which takes us to the belly arced power station and some one thousand miles east of moscow the plan began life as one of the most advanced nuclear power stations in the world. instructional was to become the world's first graphite moderated reactor got underway in one nine hundred fifty eight and a few years later a second more powerful reactor was built together to generated more than two hundred fifty megawatts of electricity or enough to provide a city of one million people with lighting and other modern amenities. looking at present nuclear capacity the vast majority of the world's atomic power comes from pressurized water reactors there are about two hundred fifty of this kind in operation across the globe these old cell reactors are most prevalent in france as well as in the us and russia next we have boiling water reactors in these the coolant isn't as highly pressurized which allows it to boil hence its name about

half of japan's nuclear plants are of this design gas cooled reactors as the name suggests utilize gas instead of water which often allows these to transfer much more chic to the generator resulting in greater efficiency then there are white water graphite moderator reactors which are called high power channel reactors in the former soviet union lastly pressurized heavy water reactors are most common in canada here in. the data designs of the past and we're pushing ahead with that breeder reactors while the technology isn't exactly brand new it's still thought to be the future of nuclear energy production. this is what's called bill we are scree or the first and only currently operating reactor on the site to be in six hundred is housed here which has been churning out electricity and thermal heat for the region's residents since one thousand nine hundred eighty. they've been six hundred care units has been operating for over thirty years and the store itself ration license has been extended still twenty twenty this big deal there is good prospects

in terms of producing renewable nuclear fuel in fast neutron reactors like the b. and six hundred energy is produced in the core when fast neutrons are absorbed by a fist so isotopes like uranium truth. thirty five a fast neutron to travels at a very high speed around fourteen million meters per second after an isotope captures one of these neutrons it forms a highly unstable variation that then quickly turns into energy in the form of heat and more neutrons criticality is reached when there's enough fissile isotopes to sustain a chain reaction unlike in traditional thermal reactors there's no moderator involved which allows the free neutrons to was around at speeds fast enough to keep the reaction going. despite its relatively old age and still on the cutting edge of nuclear technology in fact sodium cooled fast neutron reactors like the b.n. six hundred have been designated by the u.s. department of energy as the next generation of nuclear power if the course

surrounded by a fertile play could have uranium to thirty eight you can create a new nuclear fuel from spent close to a usable material when operating in the so-called breeder mode fast reactors like the pm six hundred can create a more fuel than they actually burn that can then be used at other nuclear power plants as fuel. for the killing of many innovative solutions which implements it in the design of this power unit. this reactor is based on the principles of natural self protection to be in the six hundred power unit actives has a very even how it tends to feel the pressure inside the vessel is very low which ensures a reduced load on the reactor vessel that's diplomacy sodium which is used as the coolant is not very corrosive in nature which has a positive impact on construction materials that's a pretty sight a triple circuit cooling system has been applied as well as an intermediate city

circuit in which the syrian is no longer radioactive it's all the stain that flows into the turbo generators it's already carrying and nome radioactive. thanks to that technology the reactors able to churn out six hundred megawatts of electricity from this hot steam is turned into power and delivered to the region's grid to get a longer lease of life the place generators are modernized and a host of other changes were made to make it even safer. according to the design it was initially no reserve control point three spots we had some upgrade it in order to extend its operations there for a reserve control point was built this includes the key technological features required for supervising and they react as condition in the case of an emergency failure because a reserve control board is necessary for such emergency. but

that reserve point is only necessary if something were to go wrong with this main control room from here all the plants vitals are constantly monitored but there have been a handful of incidents with the b.n. six hundred reactor all of them are minor and do require so designated emergency action however officials are now confident that all the kinks have been worked out but all the plant's new safety features and technology haven't come cheap. generally fast neutral reacts presently somewhat more expensive but with time as prices for nuclear fuel keep rising as a result of diminishing resources fast reactors will be in greater demand this is a general trend all over the world recognized by france india china and even the u.s. has resumed its work in this field. as the price for uranium goes up russia will be in

a better position than most that's because in addition to the already operating be at six hundred in the coming years they'll be the next generation be in eight hundred. thirty active construction of the units began in two thousand and six that's when we finished. building the pit for the main missile and constructed a postal three me to think monolithic slant to go under the reactor and they want me to think to look for the turbine hole for the. work on the fourth reactor belly yars can actually started back in one thousand a free construction was halted in one thousand nine hundred six following the disaster churn noble since that time however the authorities have realized that increasing need for clean efficient energy for that reason back in two thousand and six the russian government added there will be an eight hundred to a federal program came to developing the country's nuclear power capacity construction is well advanced on billy arced four which will housed the first be an eight hundred reactor from the afrikan to design bureau but that's not the only

thing planned at the site. you see and read as what's already been built was green is still under construction as you can imagine the main building is the one that will housed the b.n. eight hundred reactor but is nearly equal importance is the waste treatment facility highly radioactive material will be transformed into a new fuel and in a few years' time construction should also be going on to other structures to be in twelve hundred reactors and the red cool the breast three hundred. a number of innovative solutions have been adopted in the be an eight hundred designed to enhance nuclear and radiation safety crucially the new reactor for lies on a low operating pressure the natural high thermal capacity of sodium as well as they do a layer protective vessel to ensure problem free operation just like the v.n. six hundred the new reactor will be able to work in breeder mode which means they can create new fuel for other color plants. based on an agreement with the united

states the reactor delhi arson can be used to burn a weapons grade plutonium which on its health nonproliferation efforts. this reactor has all the best elements that were used in the b. and six hundred but we. certain modifications they rose during the operation of the rig as you may know that the six hundred has been in operation for more than thirty years of course it was invaluable to have both the manufacturing plants and the design to do the trick posed in producing and designing the b.n. six hundred employees have also experienced this time. p. and six hundred laid the groundwork for the current reactor under construction and the experience gained from the b. and eight hundred is already being put to use here and where you can find the institute for physics and power engineering. it's been a leading scientific center since the days of the soviet union they're currently working on the other fast neutral reactor to be in twelve hundred. of these are developed on the plate and increasing in the country's nuclear industry. small

series the twelve hundred power units could be used to develop new infrastructure necessary for fast reacted technology which would allow us to start introducing reactors own and intensive basis in the nuclear power industry to twenty thirty despite its increased production capacity after one thousand two hundred megawatts the reactors core is expected to be significantly smaller in size than its predecessors but innovation here doesn't stop with the b. in series scientists are also researching other types of liquid metal coolant the most promising appears to be another high powered fast neutron reactor cool with high capacity fast neutron reactors are not the only way forward for russia's nuclear industry. is working on a new design that takes a totally different approach to atomic energy. centers of culture confines of

technological innovation as the workforce of the country's nuclear industry for content design bureau is developing the very latest high tech gas cooled power plants. in one thousand nine hundred five. there was a renewed interest in this technology. the russian ministry of atomic energy signs an international agreement with private companies. including general atomics from the united states from its home i'm fuji electric from japan. joint projects called g t h r was launched as part of the public private partnership for a year. another project under designed as a helium turbine reactor in some ways it acts like a normal nuclear power station but greatly improves both safety and efficiency he does transfer to the electricity generator by high pressure helium gas rather than through pipes containing water and only has one heat transfer mechanism instead of

two or more. that means the generator will be much more effective than traditional . simply put a loads of complex hardware are needed but it offers not only benefits in terms of efficiency question make the helium reactor safer as well without any water involved in the heat transfer there's no risk of a steam explosion. because of its huge mass the presence of temperature resistant cereals the absence of metallic materials the acts of zone can ever melt this property is insured by the type of materials used by special configuration of the actives own. internees are hard work to put the projects into practice in addition to a safe reactor a number of innovations should reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation for one think the special design of its fuel to ensure that weapons grade plutonium is

destroyed in the fission process in two thousand and ten the gas turbine much of the syrian reactor was included in an international nuclear just position strategy together with other nuclear institutions around the africa. the design bureau is in the process of testing the limits of the newly developed technologies in this reactor could produce nearly three hundred megawatts of electricity powering your t.v. is only one of the ways but it could benefit you. the question is should the nuclear energy sector focus on this nation and the immense markets of no military complications of atomic power that's exactly what we've been doing researching and developing projects are really seeing the implementation of nuclear energy in the known electrics fear of the other nearly. one way that this new reactor type could find its place in the market concerns how we get from point a to point b.

over a quarter of all energy related carbon emissions come from transport a figure that the i.a.e.a. predicts to double in twenty years time and with international arrangements like the kyoto protocol many nations are counting carbon emissions like i show calories the high temperature inside the reactor cool able to produce hydrocarbons such as hydrogen from thermo chemical and electrochemical decomposition of h two o. that essentially means that we can get a new fuel source the power our cars just from water as the world's population continues to grow people are moving further and further afield so live work and get up precious natural resources a new russian design will soon bring the benefits of nuclear energy to the most remote locations though the technology making that possible everything to the linen no not that linen the nuclear powered icebreaker in one hundred fifty nine it was the first of a country's civil atomic fleet nearly twenty years later in the arctic of which was used as the beast mode for most of hit the water after it since then russia has

been tearing through the arctic steak ice thanks to extra strong holes and the dish will push provided by nuclear powered engines is there to view russia has churned out increasing the sofa. to katyn models by the time we're. the most recent addition to the nuclear powered civil fleet is a ship whose name could be translated as the fiftieth anniversary of victory this behemoth is the final arctic a classic icebreaker the vessels no problems dealing with whatever the freezing cold water up north throws at it with its atomic germ propeller and innovative spoon shaped bow it can cut through ice up to nearly ten feet thick and pose a top cruising speed of over twenty one knots and now that it's seaboard it can be used to clear the way for cargo ships navigating the northern passage. it also functioned as a tourist vessel leaving trips up to the north pole. its home has been al fitted with additional cabins as was a swimming pool gym

a library and restaurant. all ships like this are impressive in their own right what's really exceptional as was being developed on the basis of their nuclear technology. to do since the beginning of this century nurture our industry has been actively working on an innovative and absolutely unique project a special purpose nuclear station unique in every sense of the words it needs all six requirements of the russian technical supervisory authority c m a russian maritime register of shipping. and international supervising organizations including the international atomic energy agency there it is again here i'm talking about the floating nuclear power plant. modest war was over russia is using the core technology for nuclear powered subs and icebreakers to build a mobile power stations these could in theory be tucked anywhere along the coast

where they can offer a stable supply of both electricity and heat to nearby populations in many cases they'll be more economical for coal and oil supplies remain costly in difficult each flooring plant will be far less expensive than traditionally clear stations and can produce enough energy to power a city of two hundred thousand it is. ministrations and governments of countries. that are presently experiencing a shortage of energy are greatly interested in this project. primarily these are island states such as in the southeast asian region as well as a number of developing states. if we don't have the opportunity to use nuclear technologies that are very much interested in them. it's. the first of these floating in outposts is academic

a lot of construction on its twenty one and a half thousand ton hole started back in two thousand and seven the massive vessel was outfitted with two modified cayle forty s reactors originally designed for nuclear ships and submarines. was launched into the waters off of st petersburg in two thousand and ten and is slated to come online to sometime next year and value chains a city on russia's come chaka peninsula quite fittingly it will help provide energy to the atomic submarine base out in the far east in addition to supplying power to isolated communities officials expect to be great demand for ships like this which could also power offshore oil rigs. the global professional community recognizes russia's leadership in this field. and also who is certain concern from the viewpoint of competitive advantage in this area work.

given the country's edge in atomic shipbuilding there is likely going to be a lot more work to be done at this production facility at the baltic ski shipyard the foreign power plants will be constructed here with the reactors and then shipped off to their final destinations whoever that may be. awesome which is responsible for the project only. be leasing these ships to other nations that means that if and when the time comes to pull up anchor the power plant and any potentially dangerous material will be towed back to russia since the forty power plants are based on tried and true technology and utilize existing production facilities to simply nothing standing in the way of turning the idea into a money making cash cow while the massive barge make it all the glory impress business and photos the whole thing is only as powerful as the reactor at the heart of it. the k l c forty

as it is a reactor unit that's used as the energy source for the floating nuclear power station. that's being built and saying it is spec right now. it's based on the reactor. breakers of the russian fleet. however in true love created to ensure higher level of safety. board russia's floating nuclear barges the true of these bad boys each kale t. forty s. is designed to pump out around thirty five megawatts of electricity and produce about two hundred forty tons of steam power as a pressurized water reactor fueled by enriched uranium according to the designers the nuclear fuel will be enriched up to about fifteen to eighteen percent some argue that having such radioactive material just bobbing the waves off the coast could make these ships both the safety and to liberation risk for them or they

could be a potential terrorist target officials however claim they're even safer based reactors. the modified stations were designed and built. by the afrikan to design the same company responsible for work on some of the others highlighted earlier in the program in this design killed russian engineers have turned their watchful eyes and. super powerful computers to maximizing efficiency and safety of russia's floating nuclear fleet. but using the latest technology these engineers are able to map out bit by bit just what the finished product will look like as well as one models to test how will perform under specified conditions. with the calle t forty s. already taken care of they've now focused their attention to the next generation reactor for floating power stations. we didn't stop of that project we've developed and almost finalized a project for

a new floating prime station unit this will be a new integral reactor presently there's nothing like it in the world just yet this project is being developed with the help of the supercomputer technologies. in addition to providing a new source of energy these nuclear reactors can help solve another global problem the he in steam produced can be used to desalinate water which can turn a dry thirsty city into a desert away says it's indisputable that more and more energy will be needed to meet the world's growing demand of course there are risks involved nuclear power but thanks to innovations like those you've seen today the industry is doing it's hard to balance potential threats. so we'll see you next time and until then enjoy the ride.

this was a city. of about one hundred ninety thousand people and we had eighty thousand people working for general motors. or

a job that depended on general motors. general motors is if it's not relations you it might be your neighbor or somebody you knew so it's kind of a family run business you know myself i'm third generation my father was working there and you have a lot of two three and four generation families that are there first let's understand it is that this is a man doesn't want. any ship. it is gone we want a. nation to work. i think for a long time this notion in america that bigger was better was simply an undisputed fact in the twenty first century smarter better general motors simply became too large for their own good and so many brands that they couldn't even keep up with.