you know again this is on t.v. and these are the week's top stories president medvedev runs the speculation about russia stop drop by proposing prime minister vladimir putin to run for office in the two hundred twelve elections and that if in turn promises to continue his want to a station agenda as prime minister he successfully leaves the united russia party to victory in parliamentary elections in december a. big listing in a bid for statehood is launched with the united nations welcomed with standing ovations of the general assembly in new york but violent clashes with israeli forces at the border in the west bank. are finished priest is speaking out against

a trenchant terrorist website finds himself to frogtown dispraise with his mind ignored by the mainstream media. the greek default is inevitable energy you top officials know it's a leaked reports reveal the recession could go even deeper than fascinated. with rising demand for energy especially the tricity the world needs new resources up next to get plugged in for the future of renewable power and knowledge update stay with us for that. hello and welcome to technology in this episode we'll be exploring the revolution going on in atomic energy the need for increasing amounts of power has been

tempered by fears of nuclear proliferation and safety concerns over the next twenty five minutes we'll be asking just how peaceful is the peaceful adult as developing nations get richer and more populous global demand for energy is on the rise according to estimates world electricity consumption is said to grow by more than seventy five percent by two thousand and thirty five. as many countries are worried about the harmful effect fossil fuels have on the climate there's a big push to move away from calls gas and oil for power generation. but they believe the world's consumption of electricity is growing and so too is production of the figure has been basically stable for many years sometimes it can vary for quite a number of reasons but generally one should note that global electricity consumption is growing at an annual rate of about three to five percent this is

a trend evolution progress and developments of all civilization in general. serious of things and atomic energy is going to have to play a big part in meeting our increasing needs there are currently around fifty new reactors under construction in the world for the next twenty years electricity production from nuclear power is projected to more than double the present there's at least thirty countries operating more than four hundred nuclear power plants worldwide the united states has by far the largest number of facilities. he may be the leader in nominal terms nuclear energy certainly plays the biggest role in france were accounts for about seventy five percent of all electricity generation earlier this year iran fired up its long delayed pushchair reactor and connect it to the nation's power grid western nations are suspicious of their intentions officials in tehran argue that they're only interested in the peaceful benefits of nuclear technology but when you speak on nuclear reactors it's not the only concern

it's still chatter. discharge meltdown of the core. the disaster in japan has reignited some fears about the dangers associated with atomic energy even though the march two thousand and eleven incident was the result of a unique sequence of events many anti-nuclear activists think it's just a matter of time before the next disaster strikes the scenario how it could happen could be bad cynically different you do not need tsunami or. for each because there was it that we have human human being. mistakes. culture of labor that thread has driven many concerned citizens out onto the streets in protests hundreds of thousands in germany alone the nation's capital and pass legislation designed to eventually make the country nuclear free of this renewed concern was not isolated to just germany similar rallies took place in korea taiwan and france

as well despite the ongoing worries about the viability of nuclear power we're likely going to continue to rely on the time make energy for at least a part of our needs russian scientists and engineers are drawing on decades of experience to make the next generation of reactors as safe as possible but in order to understand the future we have to look to the past which takes us to the belly arced power station and that is some one thousand miles east of moscow the plan began life as one of the most advanced nuclear power stations in the world. struction what was to become the club's first graphite moderated reactor got underway in one nine hundred fifty eight and a few years later a second more powerful reactor was built together to generate more than two hundred fifty megawatts of electricity or enough to provide a city of one million people with lighting and other modern amenities. looking at present nuclear capacity the vast majority of the world's atomic power comes from

pressurized water reactors there are about two hundred fifty of this kind an operation across the globe these poles the reactors are most prevalent in france as well as in the u.s. and russia next we have boiling water reactors and these are the coolant isn't as highly pressurized which allows it to boil hence its name about half of japan's nuclear plants are of this design gas called reactors as a name suggests utilize gas instead of water which often allows these to transfer much more chic to the generator resulting in greater efficiency then there are white water graphite moderator reactors which are called high power channel reactors in the former soviet union lastly pressurized heavy water reactors the most common in canada here and they've ditched the data designs of the past and are pushing ahead with that breeder reactors while the technology isn't exactly brand new it's still thought to be the future of nuclear energy production. this is

what's called fill your screen or the first and only currently operating reactor on the site to be in six hundred is housed here which has been churning out electricity and thermal heat for the region's residents since one thousand nine hundred eighty. they've been six hundred care unit has been operating for over thirty years the country so it's authorization license has been extended till twenty twenty this weekend there is good prospects in terms of producing green you build nuclear fuel in fast neutron reactors like the b. and six hundred energy is produced in the core when fast neutrons are absorbed by a fissile isotope like uranium to the. thirty five a fast neutron to travels at a very high speed around fourteen million meters per second after an isotope captures one of these neutrons it forms a highly unstable variation that then quickly turns into energy in the form of heat and more neutrons criticality is reached when there's enough fissile isotopes to sustain a chain reaction unlike in traditional thermal reactors there's no moderator involved

which allows the free neutrons was around at speeds fast enough to keep the reaction going. despite its relatively old age and still on the cutting edge of nuclear technology in fact sodium cooled fast neutron reactors like the b.n. six hundred have been designated by the u.s. department of energy as the next generation of nuclear power is of course surrounded by a fertile blanket of uranium two thirty eight the concrete a new nuclear fuel from spent a usable material when operating in the so-called breeder mode fast reactors like the b m six hundred can create a more fuel than they actually burn that can then be used at other nuclear power plants as fuel. for the killing of many innovative solutions which are implemented in the design of this power unit. this reactor is based on the principles of natural self protection. to be in the six hundred calorie units active zone as

a very even how it's in steep feel the pressure inside the vessel is very low which ensures a reduced load on the reactor vessel that's diplomacy sodium which is used as the currency is not very corrosive in nature which has a positive impact on construction materials that's a pretty sight a triple circuit coding system has been defined as well as an intermediate sodium circuit in which the surgeon is no longer radioactive. steam that flows into the turbine generators is already carrying and no radioactive. thanks to that technology the reactors able to churn out six hundred megawatts of electricity from this hot steam is turned into power and delivered to the region's grid to get a longer lease of life the place generators are modernized a host of other changes were made to make it even safer. according to the design there was initially no reserve control point three that's we had some upgrades in

order to extend its operation so therefore the result of control point was built it includes the key technological features required to supervising they react is condition in the case of an emergency failure because a reserve control board is necessary for such emergency. but that reserve point is only necessary if something were to go wrong with this main control room from here all the plants titles are constantly monitored but there have been a handful of incidents with the b.n. six hundred reactor all of them are minor and do require so designated emergency action however officials are now confident that all the kinks have been worked out but all the plants new safety features and technology haven't come cheap. generally fast neutral reacts presently somewhat more expensive but with time as prices for nuclear fuel keep trying as

a result of diminishing resources fast reactors will be in greater demand this is a general trend all over the world recognized by france india china and even the u.s. has resumed its work in this field. as a place for uranium goes up russia will be in a better position than most that's because in addition to the already operating b. and six hundred in the coming years they'll be the next generation be an eight hundred. thirty active construction of the units began in two thousand and six that's when we finished. building but for the main missile and constructed a postal three me to think monolithic slant to go under the reactor and they want me to think long for the turbine hole for the. work on the fourth reactor belliard actually started back in one thousand nine hundred three the construction was halted in one thousand nine hundred six following the disaster turn noble since that time however the authorities have realized that increasing

need for clean efficient energy for that reason back in two thousand and six the russian government added there will be an eight hundred to a federal program aimed at helping the country's nuclear power capacity construction is well advanced until york for which will housed the first be an eight hundred reactor from the afrikan to design bureau but that's not the only thing claimed at the site. you see in red is what's already been built was green is still under construction as you can imagine the main building is the one that will housed the b.n. eight hundred reactor but is nearly equal importance is the waste treatment facility highly radioactive material will be transformed into a new fuel and in a few years' time construction should also be going on to other structures to be in twelve hundred reactor and the red cooled the breast three hundred. a number of innovative solutions have been adopted in the be an eight hundred designed to

enhance nuclear and radiation safety crucially the new reactor for allies on a low operating pressure the natural high thermal capacity of sodium as well as they do layer protective vessel to ensure problem free operation just like the v.n. six hundred the new reactor will be able to work in breeder mode which means they can create new fuel for other power plants. based on an agreement with the united states through reactor belly arsenic can be used to burn a weapons grade plutonium which ought to help nonproliferation efforts. this reactor has all the best elements that were used in debian six hundred but we. certain modifications they rose during the operation of the rig as you may know that the and six hundred has been in operation for more than thirty years it was invaluable to have both the manufacturing and the design. producing and designing the b. and six hundred a plan of their most experience this time while the b. and six hundred the ground work for the current reactor under construction and the

experience gained from the be in eight hundred is already being put to use here and where you can find the institute for physics and power engineering. it's been a leading scientific center since the days of the soviet union they're currently working on the other fast after the b. and twelve hundred. these are developed the play an increasing role in the country's nuclear industry. small series. twelve hundred power units could be used to develop the fuel infrastructure necessary for foster reactor technology which would allow us to start introducing reactors on an intensive basis in the nuclear power industry by the twenty. despite its increased production capacity after one thousand two hundred megawatts the reactors core is expected to be significantly smaller in size than its predecessors but innovation here doesn't stop with the b. in series scientists are also researching other types of liquid metal coolant the

most promising appears to be another high powered fast neutron reactor cooled by a. high capacity fast neutron reactors are not the only way forward for russia's nuclear industry. is working on a new design that takes a totally different approach to atomic energy. centers of culture confines of technological innovation as the workforce of the country's nuclear industry for content designs bureau is developing the very latest high temp gas called power plants. in one thousand nine hundred five. there was a renewed interest in this technology. the russian ministry of atomic energy savings an international agreement with private companies. including general atomics from the united states from its home i'm fuji electric from japan. joint projects called g t charges launch as part of a public private partnership for a year. another project under designed as

a helium turbine reactor in some ways it acts like a normal nuclear power station greatly improves both safety and efficiency he does transfer to the electricity generator by high pressure helium gas rather than through pipes containing water and only has one he transfer mechanism instead of two or more. that means the generator will be much more effective than traditional . simply put a loads of complex hardware are needed. is not only benefits in terms of efficiency or should make the helium reactor safer as well without any water involved in the heat transfer there's no risk of a steam explosion. because of its huge mass the presence of temperature resistant cereals the absence of metallic materials the active zone can ever melt and ubiquity of this property is insured by the type of

materials used by special configuration of the actives own. internews are hard work to put the projects into practice in addition to a safer reactor a number of innovations should reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation for one think the special design of its fuel ensured that weapons grade plutonium is destroyed in the fission process in two thousand and ten the gas turbine much of the reactor was included in an international nuclear disposition strategy together with other nuclear inspections around the african. the design is in the process of testing of the newly developed technologies in this reactor could produce nearly three hundred megawatts of electricity the power in your t.v. is only one of the ways but it's been if it you. the question is cheap can you clear energy six or focus on base nisha and the immense markets of known illiterate complications of atomic power that's exactly what we've been doing

researching and developing projects under really seeing the implementation of nuclear energy in the no electric sphere. one way that this new reactor type could find its place in the market concerns how we get from point a to point b. over a quarter of all energy related carbon emissions come from transport a figure that the i.a.e.a. predicts to double in twenty years time and with international arrangements like the kyoto protocol many nations are counting carbon emissions like i tell calories the high temperature inside the reactor cool able to produce hydrocarbons such as hydrogen from third chemical and electrochemical decomposition of h two o. that essentially means that we can get a new fuel source to power our cars just from water as the world's population continues to grow people are moving further and further afield to live work and get that precious natural resources

a new russian design will soon bring the benefits of nuclear energy to the most remote locations though the technology making that possible was everything to the linen no not that when in the nuclear powered icebreaker in one nine hundred fifty nine it was the first of a country's civil atomic fleet nearly twenty years later can the arctica which was used as the beast mode for most it hit the water after it since then russia has been tearing through the arctic steak ice thanks to extra strong holes and the dish no push provided by nuclear powered engines is there to view russia has churned out increasing this if. to katyn models by the time we're. the most recent addition to the nuclear powered civil fleet is a ship whose name could be translated as the fiftieth anniversary of victory this behemoth is the final arctic a classic icebreaker the vessel has no problems dealing with whatever the freezing cold water up north throws at it with its atomic or a propeller and innovative spoon shaped out they can cut through ice up to nearly

ten feet thick at both the top cruising speed of over twenty one knots and now that it's seaboard it can be used to clear the way for cargo ships navigating the northern passage. over it also functioned as a tourist vessel leaving trips up to the north pole. its hole has been al fitted with additional cabins as was a swimming pool gym a library and restaurant. all ships like this are impressive in their own right what's really exceptional as was being developed on the basis of their nuclear technology. to come since the beginning of this century. our industry has been actively working on an innovative and absolutely unique project. special purpose nuclear station unique in every sense of the words that needs to requirements of the russian technical supervisory authority sere the russian maritime register of shipping. and international supervising organizations

including the international atomic energy agency. again here i'm talking about the floating nuclear power plant. modest war. russia is using the core technology for nuclear powered subs and icebreakers to build a global power stations these could in theory be docked anywhere along the coast where they can offer a stable supply of both electricity and heat to nearby populations in many cases they'll be more economical for coal and oil supplies remain costly in difficult each falling plant will be far less expensive than traditional beefier stations and can produce enough energy to power a city of two hundred thousand it is. really ministrations and governments of countries. that are presently experiencing a shortage of energy are greatly interested in this project. primarily

these are island states such as in the southeast asian region as well as a number of developing states. if we don't have the opportunity to use nuclear technologies but are very much interested in the most. it's a fifth more work. the first of these floating in outposts is academic a lot of construction on its twenty one and a half thousand ton hole started back in two thousand and seven the massive vessel was outfitted with two modified cayle forty s reactors originally designed for nuclear ships and submarines that jimmy love and those of launch into the waters off of st petersburg in two thousand and ten and is slated to come online this sometime next year and value chains a city under russia's come chaka peninsula quite fittingly it will help provide energy to the atomic submarine base out in the far east in addition to supplying power to isolated communities officials expect there will be great demand for ships

like this which could also power offshore oil rigs. and global professional communities could noises rushes leadership in this sphere. and also as certain concern from the viewpoint of competitive advantage in this area would be. given the country's edge in atomic shipbuilding there is likely going to be a lot more work to be done at this production facility at the baltic ski shipyard the floating power plants will be constructed here with the reactors and then shipped off to their final destinations whoever that may be ross and there are some which is responsible for the project only. leasing the ships to other nations means that if and when the time comes to pull up anchor the power plant and any potentially dangerous material will be towed back to russia since the forty power

plants are based on tried and true technology and utilize existing production facilities to simply nothing standing in the way of turning the idea into a money making cash cow while the massive barge may get all the glory in press business and photos the whole thing is only as powerful as the reactor at the heart of it. the k.l. c. fourteen as is the reactor unit that's used as the energy source for the floating nuclear power station. as being built and saying it is spec right now. so it's based on their react. because of the russian fleet. however it's long graded to ensure higher level of safety. on board russia's floating nuclear barges only two of these bad boys each kale t. forty s. is designed to pump out around thirty five megawatts of electricity and produce

about two hundred forty tons of steam per hour it's a pressurized water reactor fueled by enriched uranium according to the designers the nuclear fuel will be enriched up to about fifteen to eighteen percent some argue that having such radioactive material just bobbing the waves off the coast could make the ships both a safety and proliferation risk for them or they could be a potential terrorist target officials however claim that they're even safer than land based reactors. the modified stations were designed and built in e.g. no growth by the africans have designed the same company responsible for work on some of the others highlighted earlier in the program in this design room the skilled russian engineers have turned their washable eyes and super powerful computers to maximizing efficiency and safety of russia's floating nuclear fleet. using the latest technology these engineers are able to map out bit by bit just

what the finished product will look like as well as one models to test how will perform under specified conditions. with the k o t forty s. already taking care of their no focus their attention to the next generation reactor for floating power stations. we didn't stop of that project we developed and almost finalized a project for a new floating param station unit this will be a new integral reactor presently there's nothing like this in the world just yet this project is being developed with the help of these supercomputer technologies. in addition to providing a new source of energy these nuclear reactors can help solve another. global problem the heat and steam produced can be used to desalinate water which can turn a dry thirsty city into a desert away says it's indisputable that more and more energy will be needed to meet the world's growing demands of course there are risks involved nuclear power

but thanks to innovations like those you've seen today the industry's doing it's hard to balance potential threats and benefits so we'll see you next time and until then enjoy the ride.

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