what is inevitable and do you top officials know it leaked reports reveal the recession could go even deeper than the it. with rising demand for energy especially electricity the world needs new resources up next to get plugged in to the future of renewable power in our technology update stay with us for that. hello and welcome to technology update in this episode we'll be exploring the revolution going on in atomic energy the need for increasing amounts of power is being tempered by fears of nuclear proliferation and safety concerns over the next twenty five minutes we'll be asking just how peaceful is the peaceful adam as developing nations get richer and more populous global demand for energy is on the

rise according to estimates world electricity consumption is said to grow by more than seventy five percent by two thousand and thirty five. with many countries worried about the harmful effect fossil fuels have on the climate there's a big push to move away from kong gas and oil for power generation. but that is the world's consumption of electricity is growing and so is production of the figure has been basically stable for many years sometimes it can vary quite a number of reasons but generally one should know that global electricity consumption is growing at annual rates of about three to five percent just as a trend evolution progress and development of all civilization in general. and atomic energy is going to have to play

a big part in meeting our increasing needs there are currently around fifty new reactors under construction in the world for the next twenty years electricity production from nuclear power is projected to more than double the present there's at least thirty countries operating more than four hundred nuclear power plants worldwide the united states has by far the largest number of facilities. while they may be the leader in nominal terms nuclear energy certainly plays the biggest role in france where it counts for about seventy five percent of all electricity generation earlier this year iran fired up its long delayed to share reactor and connect it to the nation's power grid western nations are suspicious of their intentions officials in tehran argue that they're only interested in the peaceful benefits of nuclear technology but when you speak about nuclear reactors it's not the only concern it's still chatter. the disaster in japan has reignited some fears about the dangers associated with

atomic energy even though the march two thousand and eleven incident was the result of a unique sequence of events many anti-nuclear activists think it's just a matter of time before the next disaster strikes the scenario how it could be absolutely different you do not need or. eat. human being. mistakes. that thread has driven many concerned citizens out onto the streets in protests hundreds of thousands in germany alone the nation's parliament passed legislation designed to eventually make the country nuclear free of this renewed concern was not isolated to just germany similar rallies took place in korea taiwan and france as well despite the ongoing worries about the viability of nuclear power we're likely going to continue to rely on the tonic energy for at least a part of our needs russian scientists and engineers are drawing on decades of

experience to make the next generation of reactors as safe as possible but in order to understand the future we have to look to the past which takes us to the power station in some one thousand miles east of moscow the plan began life as one of the most advanced nuclear power stations in the world. what was to become the first graphite moderated reactor got underway in one nine hundred fifty eight and a few years later a second more powerful reactor was built together the two generated more than two hundred fifty megawatts of electricity or enough to provide a city of one million people with lighting and other modern amenities. looking at present nuclear capacity the vast majority of the world's atomic power comes from pressurized water reactors there are about two hundred fifty of this kind in operation across the globe these reactors are most prevalent in france as well as in the us and russia next we have boiling water reactors in these the coolant isn't

as highly pressurized which allows it to boil its name about half of japan's nuclear plants are of this design gas called reactors as a name suggests utilize gas instead of water which often allows these to transfer much more heat to the generator resulting in greater efficiency then there are light water graphite moderator reactors which are called high power channel reactors in the former soviet union lastly a pressurized heavy water reactors are most common in canada here in. the data designs of the past and are pushing ahead with breeder reactors while the technology isn't exactly brand new it's still thought to be the future of nuclear energy production. this is what's called three or the third and only currently operating reactor on the site and six hundred is housed here which has been churning out electricity and thermal heat for the region's residents since one thousand nine hundred eighty. they've been six hundred care unit has been operating

for over thirty years. has been extended to twenty twenty. prospects in terms of producing bring you build nuclear fuel in fast neutron reactors like the six hundred energy is produced in the court when fast neutrons are absorbed by an isotope like uranium. five a fast neutron to travels at a very high speed around fourteen million meters per second after an isotope captures one of these neutrons it forms a highly unstable variation that then quickly turns into energy in the form of heat and more neutrons criticality is reached when there's enough isotopes to sustain a chain reaction unlike in traditional thermal reactors there's no moderator involved which allows the free neutrons to was around at speeds fast enough to keep the reaction going. despite its relatively old age it's still on the cutting edge of nuclear technology in fact sodium cooled fast neutron reactors like the b.

and six hundred have been designated by the u.s. department of energy as the next generation of nuclear power if the core surrounded by a blanket of uranium to thirty eight you can create a new nuclear fuel from spent quite usable material when operating in the so-called breeder mode fast reactors like the b. and six hundred can create a more fuel than they actually burn that can then be used at other nuclear power plants as fuel. for the killing of many innovative solutions which are implemented in the design of this power unit. this reactor is based on the principles of natural self protection of a in the six hundred power unit actives has a very even how it density field with the pressure inside of a sill is very low which ensures a reduced load on the reactive vessel that's the sodium which is used as the cooling is not very corrosive in nature which has

a positive impact on construction materials to prevail so a triple circuit cooling system has been applied as well as an intermediate sodium circuit in which the surge is no longer radioactive as full the steam that flows into the turbo generators is already green and known radioactive. thanks to that technology the reactors able to churn out six hundred megawatts of electricity from this hot steam is turned into power and delivered to the region's grid to get a longer lease of life the plant's generators were modernized and a host of other changes were made to make it even safer. according to the design there was initially no reserve control point three three had to upgrade it in order to extend its operation there for a reserve control point was built it includes the key technological features required for supervising they react is condition in the case of an emergency

failure because a reserve control board is necessary for such emergency. but that reserve point is only necessary if something were to go wrong with this make control room from here all the plans are constantly monitored while there have been a handful of incidents with the b.n. six hundred reactor all of them are minor and do require so designated urgency action however officials are now confident that all the kinks have been worked out but all the plants new safety features and technology haven't come cheap. generally fast neutral reacts presently somewhat more expensive but with time as prices for nuclear fuel keep rising as a result of diminishing resources fast reactors will be in greater demand this is a general trend all over the world recognized by france india china and even the us has resumed its work in this field. as the

price for uranium goes up russia will be in a better position than most that's because in addition to the already operating be in six hundred in the coming years they'll be the next generation be in eight hundred. active construction of the units began in two thousand and six that's when we finished. building the pit for the main missile and constructed a poll of three me to think monolithic slabs to go under the reactor and to want me to think bloke for the turbine hole. work on the four three after actually started back in one thousand nine hundred three but construction was halted in one thousand nine hundred six following the disaster a chair noble since that time however the authorities have realized that increasing need for clean efficient energy for that reason back in two thousand and six the russian government added there would be an eight hundred to a federal program aimed at developing the country's nuclear power capacity construction is well advanced on for the first be an eight hundred reactor from the

afrikan to design bureau but that's not the only thing claimed at the site. what you see and read is what's already been built green is still under construction as you can imagine the main building is the one that will housed the be an eight hundred reactor but is nearly equal importance is the waste treatment facility highly radioactive material will be transformed into a new fuel and in a few years' time construction should also be going on to other structures to be in twelve hundred reactor and the lead cooled breast three hundred. number of innovative solutions have been adopted in the be an eight hundred designed to enhance nuclear and radiation safety crucially the new reactor allies on a low operating pressure the natural high thermal capacity of sodium as well as i do layer protective vessel to ensure problem free operation just like the b.n. six hundred the new reactor will be able to work in breeder mode which means they

can create new fuel for other power plants. based on an agreement with the united states. can be used to burn a weapons grade plutonium which ought to help nonproliferation efforts. this reactor has all the best elements that were used in the b. and six hundred between. six hundred. six hundred. six hundred. eight hundred. where you can find the physics and power engineering. scientific.

industry. could be used to develop infrastructure. for reactor technology. industry. increase production capacity one thousand two hundred. scientists are researching other types of. the most promising appears to be another high powered. high capacity. or not the only way forward for. the takes

a totally different approach to atomic. power. there was a renewed interest in this technology. the russian ministry of atomic energy signs an international agreement with private companies. including general atomics from the united states from an. electric from japan. because they're by joint projects called g t h r was launched as part of a public private partnership. another project under designed as a helium turbine reactor in some ways it acts like a normal nuclear power station but greatly improves both safety and efficiency is transferred to the electricity generator by high pressure helium gas rather than

through pipes containing water that only has one heat transfer mechanism instead of two or more. that means the generator will be much more effective than traditional . simply put a loads of complex hardware are needed. if it's in terms of efficiency but should make the helium reactor safer as well without any water involved in the transfer there's no risk of a steam explosion. because of its huge mass the presence of temperature resistant cereals and the absence of metallic materials the acts of zone can never melt. is ensured by the type of materials used by special configuration. engineers or hard work to put the projects into practice in addition to a safer reactor number of innovations should reduce the risk of nuclear

proliferation for one think the special design of its fuel ensured that weapons grade plutonium is destroyed in the fission process in two thousand and ten the gas turbine. was included in an international nuclear disposition strategy together with other nuclear institutes around. design is in the process of testing of the newly developed technologies in this reactor could produce nearly three hundred megawatts of electricity the power in your t.v. is only one of the ways but it could benefit you. the question is the nuclear energy. and the immense market. complications of atomic power that's exactly what we've been doing researching and developing projects are really seeing the implementation of nuclear energy in the known electric sphere.

one way that this new reactor type could find its place in the market concerns how we get from point a to point b. over a quarter of all energy related carbon emissions come from transport a figure that predicts to double in twenty years time and with international arrangements like the kyoto protocol many nations are counting carbon emissions like i count calories the high temperature inside the reactor able to produce hydrocarbons such as hydrogen from thermo chemical and electrochemical decomposition of h two o. that essentially means that we can get a new fuel source to power our cars just from water as the world's population continues to grow people are moving further and further afield to live work and precious natural resources. to bring the benefits of nuclear energy to the most remote location. now the technology makes possible everything to the linen no not that linen the nuclear powered icebreaker in one thousand fifty nine it was the

first of a country's civil atomic fleet nearly twenty years later. which was used as the base model for most it hit the water after it since then russia has been tearing through the arctic state thanks to extra strongholds and they push provided by nuclear powered engines sister to bew russia has churned out sophisticated increasingly. but the tom we're. the most recent addition to the nuclear powered civil fleet is a ship whose name could be translated as the fiftieth anniversary of victory this behemoth is the final arctic a class icebreaker the vessel has no problems dealing with whatever the freezing cold water up north throws at it with its atomic propeller and innovative spoon shaped bow they can cut through ice up to nearly ten feet thick at both the top cruising speed of over twenty one knots and now that it's seaboard it can be used to clear the way for cargo ships navigating the northern passage. it's also function as a tourist vessel leaving trips up to the north pole. its home has been outfitted

with additional cabins as well as a swimming pool gym a library and restaurant. ships like this are impressive in their own right what's really exceptional as was being developed on the basis of their nuclear technology . to do since the beginning of this century. our industry has been actively working on an innovative and absolutely unique project a special purpose nuclear station unique in every sense of the word that meets the requirements of the russian technical supervisory authority c m the russian maritime register of shipping. and international supervising organizations including the international atomic energy agency there it is again here i'm talking about the floating nuclear power plant.

russia is using the core technology for nuclear powered subs and icebreakers to build power stations these could in theory be docked anywhere along the coast where they can offer a stable supply of both electricity and heat to nearby populations in many cases they'll be more economical or cold an oil supplies remain costly and difficult. each floating point will be far less expensive than traditional nuclear stations and can produce enough energy to power a city of two hundred thousand. ministrations and governments of countries. that are presently experiencing a shortage of energy are greatly interested in this project. primarily these are island states such as in the southeast asian region as well as a number of developing states. don't have the opportunity to use nuclear technologies but i very much interested in them.

the first of these floating outposts is the academical of construction twenty one and a half thousand ton hole started back in two thousand and seven the massive vessel was outfitted with two modified. reactors originally designed for nuclear ships and submarines. into the waters off of st petersburg in two thousand and ten and is slated to come sometime next year in. a city. quite fittingly it'll help provide energy to the atomic submarine base out in the far east in addition to supplying power to isolated communities officials expect there will be great demand for ships like this which could also power offshore. global professional community. russia's leadership in this sphere.

and also concern from the viewpoint of competitive advantage in this area but. given the countries in atomic shipbuilding there is likely going to be a lot more work to be done at this production facility shipyard the forty. power plants will be constructed here with the reactors and then shipped off to their final destination that may be. which is responsible for the project leasing the ships. that means that if and when the time comes to. the power plant potentially dangerous material will be towed back to russia. power plants are tried and true technology existing production facilities to see nothing standing in the way of. making cash cow. press visits and photos the whole thing is powerful as the heart of it.

is a react to unit that's used as the energy source. that's being built. because of the russian fleet. level of safety. russia's floating nuclear barges. is designed to pump out around thirty five megawatts of electricity and produce about two hundred forty tons of steam. it's a pressurized water reactor fueled by enriched uranium according to the designers the nuclear fuel to about fifteen percent some argue that having such radioactive

material just. the coast could make the safety and proliferation risk. they could be a potential terrorist target officials however even. the modified stations and built. by. afrikander design the same company responsible for work on some of the others highlighted earlier in the program in this design room the skilled russian engineers have turned their washable eyes and super powerful computers to maximizing efficiency and safety of russia's floating nuclear fleet. using the latest technology these engineers are able to map out bit by bit just what the finished product will look like as well as one models to test how they'll perform under specified conditions. with the k o t forty s. already taken care of they've now focused their attention to the next generation reactor for floating power stations. we didn't stop of the project

we've developed and almost finalized a project for a new floating station unit this will be a new integral reactor that presently there's nothing like this in the world just yet this project is being developed with the help of the supercomputer technologies . in addition to providing a new source of energy these nuclear reactors can help solve another global problem the heat in steam produced can be used to desalinate water which can turn a dry thirsty city into a desert. it's indisputable that energy will be needed to meet the world's growing . course there are risks involved nuclear power but thanks to innovations like those you've seen today the industry is doing its part to balance potential threats . so we'll see you next time and until then enjoy the ride.

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