the. very warm welcome back a hall pass now located with a month long jump in the river is now a need so before to be in full blaze is the serbian road block at the border with more than kosovo his goal is news that a shoot to kill policy was a false name of a disputed checkpoint as there reached new heights. in the very bed of has said he. would have stood for the same goals or crawling for the presidency but usually his popularity among the russians makes him the best account of it he's explaining why he withdrew from the race then an interview to

russian media. greeks are bracing themselves big yet more carbs and higher taxes in the latest round of austerity measures pushed through by the government it's all of a bid to prove the nation is fit for another slice of that they will allocate the decision was suspended earlier re the doubts the country is doing enough to reduce its enormous debt. next the debate takes office. used to the un. liz. liz. keep the story. low and welcome to cross talk i'm peter all about the united nations the global

body in search of a mission often derided as incompetent and ineffective the u.n. is also accused of being a fig leaf protect the and extending the interests of the rich powerful west wealthy will call for it's the miners most see the need for drastic reform at the u.n. to serve the interests of all the slim pickings. are slim . to cross the united nations i'm joined by ruth wedgwood in washington she's director of international law and organizations program at john hopkins school of advanced international studies in new york we have thomas wiese he's presidential professor of political science at the city university of new york's graduate center he's also author of what's wrong with united nations and how to fix it and in birmingham we crossed him and i started pretty he is the c.e.o. of the court of go both on day show right folks this is cross talk that means you can jump in anytime you want and i very much encourage it but first marcia every

time the united nations is mentioned it's never a dull moment especially when it comes to its flaws one of the largest international organization founded to sell its hate world peace and a whole humanitarian cause as the united nations has run up an ample record of criticism over its sixty six year history mira craddick inefficiency a failure to avert conflicts as well as the president and disproportionate influence over this isn't making are only a few of the charges being made against it. from the door for crisis to the genocide in rwanda and the tragedy at srebrenica the organization has time and again allowed human cities to happen on its watch indeed the un's record reflects one shocking failure after another even in the organization's earliest days the un's founders created a world body based on a noble ideal standing up to aggression preserving international peace and defending human rights and other fundamental principles but it is now clear that the un simply doesn't work the most striking example of what many see as an inherent flaw of the un is the lack of proportionate representation of the security

council powers most concentrated comprising five permanent members with leader writes the security council is often accused of being selective in which issues it chooses to address especially the recent votes on humanitarian intervention to paraphrase george orwell inaudible found some civilians are more equal than others additionally the newly emerging economic powers of the east and south are questioning whether the security council adequately reflects recent socio economic realities where european countries have long ago lost their preeminence stature un detractors have long been calling to disband the world body for reasons of its relevance the organization has been able to survive all criticism and perhaps not the least because of a lack of any better alternative back to you peter thank you very much for that marsha and this if i go to you first what would be your most important contribution evaluating the value of the united nations today and i'm thinking all the way from the end of the cold war to today and i'm sure you'll mention something about iraq.

well i mean there are there's much to talk about but let's go back to the very founding charter of the united nations we the people of the world that very famous line said all this off and let's talk about that charter and then compare it to where we are today and how much of that charter with all its noble high quite esteemed quite respectable aims and objectives how much of those have actually been achieved how much of them have actually been realised and how much of them have actually contributed to creating a better safer more secure world a world that takes one hundred times more than it used to before it embarks on war and violence and the such and i think if we were to compare we find very little to compare with those words and i think that that is the main problem in terms of the organization itself there's much much much to talk about and i'm sure that your guest who's written

a book about this will allude to these but the problem is that the people of the world are bit by bit losing confidence in the body that is supposed to be actually speaking on their behalf before the powers of the world and not representing the military powers in the account and at the expense of the people of the world right time and so it's a very interesting comment from minister and we'll lose a lot of people say that the united nations represents the interests of the rich powerful western countries in the countries that have an enormous amount of military power and let's let's look at resolution one hundred seventy three as appeals with libya i mean this is supposed to be a peace speaking while you're keeping the peace it seems more interested in violence these days. i certainly wouldn't say that one hundred seventy three was the first step toward making leaders accountable thought as they are countable for mistreating people but justification for that was clearly humanitarian i certainly would distinguish that from what i'm going on in iraq but the one nine hundred

seventy three was a step forward protecting civilians exactly those people who figure into charters preamble just to go back i'm certainly someone who's thrown enough stones at the institution over my analytical career but i think it's intriguing that in spite of all the negative criticism of the body that this week. we have seen every major head of state parade through and last week we saw. netanyahu vs so the circus actually serves some purpose it's important to pull people together and if it were not why does everyone come to new york ok very interesting ruth a bit well if i could say would be of the term circus than it really was a circus because you know it here's a country that wants its own independence and it's one country the united states

says no the most of the vast majority of the world want to see the palestinians have their own state but no one country can say no it's not going to happen go back into your home one time thing is that democratic is that fair is that with this institution was supposed to be all about when it was founded in one thousand nine hundred five. well i know you want your guests to quarrel going to sleep you all right and i think the government and i are more like minded on this than we ever supposed ok one but one purpose of one very beneficial side effect of having this locus in new york is that there are many countries in the world that can't afford to have diplomatic missions all over the world where it is there a lot of countries hundred ninety three countries and you couldn't if you're a small poor country have a mission in every other country so it actually serves as a substitute for bilateral relationships with a lot of countries. the palestinian question is very complicated as you know there's a debate about the road map process and what was supposed to be. security issues

and other vital issues in the last stage of that obviously. the arab spring has. forces in the motions that formerly might have been more content to wait. i do think that there is something to be said for the circus quality in that every criminal head of state in the world who still in office gets to come with complete absolute immunity every of september so you do have some real rogues coming to town in new york like going to the job and they do use the the event to good effect for showing their flamboyance whether it's gadhafi for camping eldritch or if you will ruin the meat can't kid you turn it upside down and say it's a level playing field maybe that's one virtue of the united nations secure general assemblies that everybody can show up i mean just because they're there rogue their road for whom ok and if i can go back to you again i mean how democratic is the is the united nations because this is the era now of democracy the arab spring everyone should have the same values they should be able to go vote they should

have civil society he should have their authorities can hold him to accountability but is that really the fact because again you have a small number of countries that can say put a block on everything does that need to change. well just going back to the statement made that it's the only circus in town maybe so it's not saying much simply because most countries in the world don't have another platform on which to be on bass as you put it peter to a level playing field i think we also address the realities of the reality is that in terms of democracy there is very very little that is practiced in the united nations and with all due respect. i think that as much as you can talk about a million being rogue i think there are many many more including netanyahu himself i think that one of the problems of the united nations is the fact the many resolutions that it passed and particularly in the case of israel whenever taken on board when they were never adhere to and therefore the question becomes impose

itself is a really how how much worth does the united nation pose how much power does it pose when the united states and the united kingdom my own country when they wanted to go to war in iraq when they felt that it couldn't be done through the united nations security council because of a veto from france and and other countries they just went it alone and they bypassed the united nations and the nations could do nothing whatsoever so it may be a talk shop and it may be a tool shop where certain small countries can feel their work for that particular five or ten minutes that their leader speaks but in reality in terms of influence and power they have none whatsoever when you think about that thomas when you the great powers have no use for the world body to say well we'll go on our own and there's good and we can do it with impunity. well the question is why did the united states and the united kingdom go to the security council in the first place there would have been an additional legitimacy had the security council approved

they're going to war they did not that is the way the charter was written so that the major powers have a bigger voice and in fact they security council or the un in general was damned if it didn't that is control the united states britain and in the united states and britain or at least in certain government circles it was damned because the united nations didn't make saddam hussein behave. the united nations is only as strong as the states who are part of it who decide to do something and the major powers have a bigger voice on the smaller powers that's the rules that's the way it's always operated that's the way it'll always not write. good enough truth is thank you didn't happen the day and age of where everyone should have a voice and age and have legitimacy because they are right not just because they're powerful. well i certainly do to agree with tom that the security council's regime at least makes major powers come to new york to talk about whether force should be used so if you think kind of moral intellectual engagements worth something the

u.n. usually does fill that role fairly successfully but i would disagree with the assertion that that small powers are weak i have my own differences with how the general assembly operates it operates in clax and cliques it operates in groups that actually often decide the issue before they get to the general assembly but the south the group of seventy seven as it's called truly one hundred thirty two countries it's the supermajority of the general assembly it can pass any resolution it wants to without a veto so the south actually has an enormous voice in the u.n. sometimes that's a problem because when the s.g. the secretary general wants to reform a personnel system or redeploy money he always has to try to lobby to ga and that's ok right i'm going to jump in here we're going to go to a short break and after that short break we'll continue our discussion on the united states state of the art.

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feeds now in the palm of your. question on the faulty job com. ok. welcome back across talking to people about the true mind you were discussing if united nations is still relevant. and as i'd like to go back to something you said earlier in the program i'm looking

at the charter of the united nations from one nine hundred forty was october nineteenth forty five and low and look what it does today the good bit in reading that document did you would think ever that the united states would. i'm sorry the united nations be so involved in military conflicts of peacekeeping operations where the road records special particularly since the second the end of the cold war has been bit sketchy to say the least and i'm thinking of rwanda i'm thinking of what's going on in haiti and of course you know it's looking at maybe afghanistan and things like this i mean was the united nations ever really really built to be involved in that kind of thing i mean it would peacekeeping is when the war is over and you get on the get on the ground in libya they took a side they were the air force of a rebel group of people. reading the charts you'd like to think that war was going to be far more difficult to approach far more difficult at least. universal accreditation legitimization unfortunate that hasn't transpired then as you put the

examples that you mentioned and i'd like to add to that mention in your i can because you mean the first part of the talk about iraq before two thousand and three and before the united nations was totally sidelined by the united states and united kingdom who had an agenda and wanted that legitimacy as thomas pointed and i totally agree with him but they couldn't get it so they went it alone and it really didn't matter at all before that for thirteen years the united nations actually enforced sanctions on iraq agreed used twenty five million people to beggars to people below the poverty line so in fact you you you sort of feel that the united nations rather than being that kind of international body that universal kind of elements that the whole world subscribes to in order to protect the weak it has become. and arrow in the arm of the powerful nations under which they can go to war they can impose any kind of sanctions regime they

can reduce any nation to quality into being hungry and it just basically doesn't add up and now i want to assert something quite and. i'm not calling for the demise of the downfall of the united nations not at all i think that the world does need something to alternate from the kind of malice and the superpowers that we have today driven by mere interests or interests i think we do need that the united nations as it stands according to the kind of levels and hierarchy structures the veto system talk about many many other things i think it's not working and we need a serious reconsideration of exactly what it stands for tell me what you think about that i mean again looking at the charter it's more about protection of the sovereignty of states and that what we've seen since the end of the cold war is undermining the sovereignty of states or threatening to do so or we having western powers on the security council saying this person is no longer a fish to rule is that what the charter was supposed to be all about i mean it

sounds like it's a pulpit to lecture people go ahead. well there was there is nothing that is not in the charter so whether we're talking about economic and social issues human rights going to war disarmament so it's a little hard to pin all of this down what i would have to say. in contrast to the former speaker is that in fact the institution occasionally performs usually it does not this is not the result of the u.n. per se. dick holbrooke when he was alive used to say blaming the u.n. for many of the decisions is like blaming madison square garden for the poor basketball record of the new york knicks it's the people who inhabit the building who make the decisions the states who are responsible so occasionally they come together in the first persian gulf war in one nine hundred ninety one was one

occasion in libya another occasion in between there were lots of visible occasions on which no decisions were made but occasionally and i would say libya is the most recent example of. what comes together is the politics the capacity the moral argument and the legal argument and there is action next door in syria none of those happens to be present so there is no action it's hard to blame the united nations rather than its one hundred ninety three members ok well ruth i mean if we can stick with libya i mean look at nine hundred seventy three i guess we can agree or disagree on this in one form or another but a resolution was passed but it. it was given a mandate because of the the resolution to do far far more than what that resolution had to say and that is that again you find that to be dangerous a dangerous precedent our own the great powers avoid that again that was just a one off thing because we read the resolution when what we saw happen the

thousands of sorties that were dropped on libya that didn't seem to be part of the resolution and the united nations sanctioned that. well it's i think one of the great dilemma as an international politics and security affairs is it actually is very hard to persuade or coerce interlocutors to do things and khadafi has been a wily fox for a very long time and i think everybody would agree quite a bad actor in the end to terrible civil wars and west africa in making trouble in chad in the lockerbie bombing and he's just really been quite an irresponsible fellow. but it's true that. security council language often is a big thing that the degree of coercion that's necessary whether it's something like kosovo or libya is always unfathomable at the beginning of a campaign war is like peace is always much more difficult than expected to be but i do think that as and i think the culprit have it right that what's often at fault

is the way the political system is organized i do think that there are changes one should make i don't think that regional groups shouldn't vote as blocs the way they do because they like chicago clubhouses manage to coerce their members because all good things come from your original group so it's not an ideal harbor mosty in situation of a reflection it's a very political system but politics could do some reform well that's the politics of it i mean and it's you know i don't think anyone on the panel here is going to defend mr to darfur ok i certainly won't but just described you could say due to the great powers have done through the arab middle east for the last sixty years ok i mean you know well let's go ahead. well that's exactly the point i mean the thing is i agree entirely i mean it's the united nations not an entity that in itself creates these policies it's the powers that use the united nations that use the walls of the united nations and the system upon which the united nations is built to allow those powers to act in the way that they do in order to exacerbate the

situations are many and to fall further and promote their policies and you know i agree peter you know we can talk about the list of crimes are committed by saddam hussein and we would be right we could talk about the crimes of their feet and we would be right but what about the crimes of other nations particularly the nations that are seen as being respectable the nations that are seen to be beyond reproach those who use the holes of the united nations to pursue their talents the problem is and this is where i talk about the united nations i criticize the united nations i say that because it's still involve these this kind of university ality this line of global. consent global coming together and that respectability that is why it is being used and abused by those who have the political clout and the military clout and economic pressure in order to further their policies which may at times be totally inhumane but give it that all respect civility so in

a sense the united nations is not doing what the charter said it should do. actually what it's doing it's helping you know certain wars certain interests being promoted in a crass uncivil totally brutal way but with an aura of respectability what do you think about that thomas i mean it it sounds like. i was going to jump in i was going to contrast it seems to me that i would totally agree with the two thousand and three pursuit of iraq war it seems to me if we're talking about libya it's totally different i mean this time no state voted against the revival of searches but no state and voted against. you had regional support arab league gulf cooperation council african union you had participation from small from a couple of arab states namely carter and you know it seems to me that this is really quite remarkably different from the two thousand and three iraq

decision much more i can do what the charter envisaged in the first place and so i'm actually relatively sanguine i would say that in particular the un and the responsibility to protect is alive and well after libya much more alive and well than it was before when you think about thomas you wrote about the united nations if i may peter jump in on this you wrote about the united nations in reality in reality if we were to propose a hypothetical the tomorrow the united states of the united kingdom decide to go on a war and the united nations security council doesn't give that you know there's a russia or china or whoever vetoing that particular decision then they decide to step so the united nations and go to war regardless what can the united nations do in reality they can do absolutely nothing and that is where the problem is we were absolutely i agree with you entirely considerably down without thinking like it. ok yeah because i do think before we become it to reduce this to

a debate about whether colonialism still persists an attitude or fact one should not neglect the other half the other three quarters of the united nations which is doing humanitarian aid around the world where the united nations is the central organizing mechanism for the delivery of food aid for famine for post war conflict post war relief that the it's a many of the voluntary agencies of the u.n. high commissioner for human rights the high commissioner for refugees the world food program are essential organs such just to to to to blogger of the u.n. using the security council as the only face of the u.n. whatever once you have it is a real reductionism so in attacking the. collateral totally agree with you ok it's ok agree with you ruth but the guess what most of that's you but i'd serenade is dropped on areas where it was were allowed to happen in the first place ok thomas if you the last word on this program how to fix the united nations that are in a few sentences going on. i

believe the urge people to buy my book and thereby increase my relatives a problem with regard to trying to reform the united nations is trying to get everyone on the same page part of the book argues that in fact. you know the ideal should not be the enemy good so the fact that we are not moving in syria should not make us sad about having done something occasionally in a place like libya it also talks about getting much more for those units that route spoke about there are no i am afraid we've run out of time folks very very good interesting conversation many thanks to my guest today in washington new york and in birmingham and thanks to our viewers for watching us you darkie see you next time remember rostock. can.

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