today volunteers once again flared up. and these are the images go girls in seeing from the streets of canada. trying to corporations rule the day. thanks for joining us five thirty here and we go now to a quick recap of your headlines pakistan cuts a nato supply route and demands the u.s. be kate its base after an alliance airstrike kills dozens of practicing soldiers and nato admits it was highly unlikely to have been responsible for the killings the u.s. commander in afghanistan promises a full investigation into the incident. fresh clashes in cairo as the just told rises to forty two protesters on tucker square say they will now take to the

future in their own hands and form their own government demonstrators are venting their anger at the military rule and say they are far from being satisfied by the freshly pointed prime minister. and the world's biggest and most expensive rover mission to mars has been launched a device is loaded with russian equipment that will make it possible to detect water on all the planet's surface back that allow men tons of finally determined if there's ever been life on the red planet. sometimes it's the small things that can become big news and we've details of just such a scientific breakthrough coming up next and technology update.

this program with the toast. of the world just a few weeks ago the population. under increasing. in the coming decades. thirty percent at the same time people leave rural areas for cities. according to the un. fifty. limited. innovative new approaches but it's not all about increasing. the food we do produce more effectively third of. all wasted in western countries the majority of this is squandered on the consumer and people just chucking out excess products at the moment reducing waste

in the developed world is more down to individual consumers over the next twenty five minutes we hope to open your eyes to some of the possible directions new solutions could take and given the importance of the problem even the most extreme ideas are gaining traction. with that in mind one japanese scientists found a novel if not appetizing way around the future food shortages professor has developed something he's tastefully called. he's made his culinary creation by extracting useful elements from the bacteria ever present simple sewage waste may not please the eye the sludge is rich in nutritious proteins after they're removed a reaction enhancer is added and it's put in. and explode the result is a meat substitute made up of sixty three percent protein how many people will be lining up to get a bite of one of these burgers i just don't know but at the very least in the future we may need to. we conceptualize what we mean by. not to be outdone by mr i

we here on technology update have come up with our own way to help me rising demand like the good scientists we take waste material and make food from it although we do it rather differently hopefully making it more palatable to most people's tastes . our experiment we turn to one of the most prevalent insects on the globe the domestic housefly know that most people these common pests are more often a nuisance than anything else put this research institute in moscow scientists think they could help solve some of the globe's most pressing problems with a little tweaking they've turned these little buzzing buggers into a work force for humanity the biologists here have managed to breed them so the females are nearly constantly pregnant now what does this have anything to do with food you might be asking well the secret here lies in the maggots the spice create you might not expect it but they are an extremely rich source of vital amino acids with the help of these little guys we hope to create our very own fly burger.

this is the beginning of our laboratory where we breed philanthropic flies. substrate here. now to reprocess this massive protein we need a certain number of synthetic fly. so we waited. and then we were a half a gram of eggs. now we add to the nutrient medium to these eggs to ensure that maggots receive the right amount of the early stage of their development. and we dilute it with plain water to ensure even distribution through the substrate. then we apply the mixture evenly over the substrate. as now we put this container in a heated container for four days to produce the protein not. milk or must. if that

didn't get you to change the channel then you're at least somewhat open to these new scientific creations and similarly. dedicated much of his life of worrying the line between natural and artificial food. alexander this to me on of the man himself is long gone the institute that bears his name was and still is the heart of artificial food technology in russia his ideas were so important for russian science that here at the new mayon of institute for organic elements compounds they've turned his old office space into a museum he started his academic career in the organic chemistry department but as the years went by he focused more and more on the future of food he formed a dedicated team of scientists all of which put their work and lives into solving some of the most vexing problems. correctly pointed out that time chemistry was sufficiently developed to such

a point it could be used to address the question of producing artificial foods and even synthetic foods in the future. in terms of artificial food production he and his team did all the heavy scientific lifting biting away to separate amino acids strands. thanks to their work the institute of artificial food led the field in terms of revolutionary production. one of their most successful inventions was a nutritious marmalade snack made from. his work remains the basis on which much of the modern artificial food industry rests. we can easily. to mass produce artificial food was way ahead of its time back in the sixty's and seventy's there was just no need for many of the creation with natural resources stretched thinner and thinner we're now starting to see the real fruits. labor.

take artificial caviar for example it's made up of just four simple ingredients water a jelly agent like gelatin or seaweed flavoring and die first everything's mixed together and if needed proteins added at this point it's heated to fifty to sixty degrees celsius next under one to two atmospheres of pressure the concoction is supported into oil cooled down to ten degrees as a stream of liquid interacts with the surface tension it's turned into little caviar shaped balls the granules work their way down to the bottom. and packaged. it was the first product which could be presented to academics members of the central committee to persuade them that anything was possible for chemistry or he knew more. but today it's not the blessing of state organs that people are after now it's consumers and one russian company.

thinks it's found after market approval at their factory in st petersburg they take fish meat and seaweed extract from which they make a kind of blue yonder the technology behind the image nation caviar is a bit different from that pioneered by naysay ana but to me it's pretty easy to see his fingerprints on the basic design however instead of forming granules they create capsules filled with the blue yonder thanks to their perfectly formed bubbles and the right mix of flavor in the company currently dominates russia's artificial caviar market and given that the real thing is becoming a rarer and more expensive delicacy imitating nature has become a worthwhile commercial venture. but they're not the only ones. footsteps one of the great academics former pupils is a technology dreamed up at the institute of artificial food to produce a product that i think just about everyone can get. the idea of ms miano

is work triggered the development of all these ideas. it's been forty years since then yes it's becoming even more topical each day for our country and the rest of the world. here in the moscow suburb of east throughout that technology is being used to make a sweet treat even sweeter as this production facility ordinary chocolate is reshaped into a new form much like the artificial caviar earlier a similar system is used to churn out thousands of tasty little balls while cocoa based creations like these are likely to help feed the globe's growing population the idea behind it certainly could it's often forgotten that the near shape of our food has a great influence on the taste as well as our perceptions of it. this tastes like chocolate even though the sensation you get from eating these granules is somewhat

different these granules quickly melts in your mouth and this through illness of taste is completely different i'd say in general the form should match the contents or it's very important particularly for food. and he's far from the only person to recognize just how important a role for is going to play in the future of food here's this culinary lab dude artisans to show what's possible when we change our understanding of what food should look like creations like their sweet sushi desserts demonstrate what we can do with some of this new technology changing how we view what's thought of as artificial food could be key to increasing its acceptance. however for the time being artificial food production remains too expensive especially for things like nutritious proteins that means we're going to continue to rely heavily on mother nature but as production ramps up we may be taking more than we should. the

population. the fish responsible for black caviar has been hunted nearly into extinction almost all of the world sturgeon live in the caspian sea in the past two decades alone their numbers have. percent in recent years international quarters were established to rest of the population despite continued to. assume the continued survival of the fish as a. russian scientists have been toiling away trying to come up with a solution to boost their numbers. there are two areas of our work is one is to preserve rare and endangered species such as the sturgeon. the other to develop new technologies to breed ecologically pure sturgeon products in the conditions of a closed water supply. here at the southern scientific center

biologists can track the fishes state of development using little electronic chips here they've managed to speed up the life cycle instead of waiting fifteen years for believe it to reach reproductive maturity the fish are already after just six no we established star technology in such a way that we can get caviar from the existing stock whenever we want them or like for the new year or women's day or any other holiday at a planned time. and additional. time to remove the. part of the. research center. to be

used to create the next. farmed red fish go towards groundbreaking experiments. scientists all over the globe have been trying to figure out how to safely and reliably cryogenically freeze. thanks to research here in southern russia scientists now know that. the development process those are fish is activated once it interacts with water if it's not inseminated at that moment. the problem is understood the next step will be. the institute has managed to greatly improve the technology. before they're frozen protection is applied to keep them safe from the cold protector however x. . is that we can use the physiological features of cells and by means of specially selected rectangular electric signals we can change

the passive transport of the protector penetration into an active one in this way we reduce the time of the protect impact. of freezing are. crucial for the survival of the sperm the cryo protector can actually damage the cells if they're exposed to it too long before freezing and that is a process that requires the cells to be gradually cooled before being stored in canisters where the temperature is kept at around minus two hundred degrees celcius they can be stored safely for as long as required when the scientists need them again simply defrosted using a process that's basically the same as before. we increase the survival rate three. by reducing the time of the protect impact.

back at room temperature. a number of tests are done to make sure these future sturgeon made it out unscathed with the much improved survival rate in hand the scientists here are setting up a cryobank to help companies boost original production of commercial farms that could go a long way to ensuring the species population recovers from the damage done in recent decades thanks to those innovations there should be plenty of tasty dishes like this sturgeon and even delicacies like caviar for centuries to come but i'd say it's about time we check in and see how our own little bit is coming along. now brandon we are approaching the place you and i took the trays to earlier this agreement lets us create the necessary conditions for four days. and have a look at the tray in which the maggots have been incubating for two days. straight is not yet processed the maggots are small and distributed all over the substrate this tray contains

a maggot that is three days old it has grown and worked its way down to the lower tier now if we carefully push aside the substrate we can see the maggots. there are bigger and concentrated in larger amounts this substrate has been further processed . these two trays contain four day old maggots this substrate is practically fully processed and the maggots have basically separated themselves from it. this is practically pure protein and this tray has the same. the substrate is processed. and the markets are concentrated in the lower tier. so now here we have our two familiar trays into which we separately put the substrate and the maggot biomass to be used as feed or as a source of protein now we can put it into the can the biomass contains about fifty six percent protein between twelve and twenty percent faster and a small amount. from one kilogram of organic weight we've now got exactly what we

need about one hundred seventy grams of protein rich meat we're getting so close to the fly burger i can almost taste it. with all that ready we head to the kitchen to mince those maggots to get something like ground meat ours is actually bursting with more protein the even a juicy steak for good measure we add things like bread milk eggs and onions for a little flavor. and a pinch of salt next with it up until we get that familiar beefy consistency so all that's left is a put this in a few. a few minutes on the grill. plate full of creepy crawlies isn't all that strange to a large chunk of the world's population from east asia to central america you can find many cultures. often the stranger may seem to westerners.

but of course insects are far from the only proteins are. plenty of other. sources of protein. but for countries like russia the climate is just too cold however there is an alternative some varieties that can handle temperatures well below freezing and just like soy scientists have managed to create concentrates that possess up to sixty percent crude protein then there's krill this little shrimp like creature abounds in the frigid waters off antarctica with millions of tons of bailable every year it could soon become a new source of protein and that's certainly not bad news especially if you're a shrimp fan like me another possibility is based carrots in

it's currently most associated with shampoo that may change chicken feathers have an extremely high protein content and russian scientists have. to turn this product into a nutritious meal. as a helping nations become richer their populations will consume more and more meat that means that traditional lifestyle. and especially strong shot in the arm they keep up with rising world demand. for millennia we've drawn on the principles of natural selection and nature genes mutate well naturally with the most successful alterations to spread it so following generations or disinter easy humans have employed selection to create plants with greater yields as well as more productive animals in this so called artificial selection the only difference is that we've decided which traits are beneficial and are targeted to be passed on here in

russia the push for artificially selected food was championed by nicholai veal of a soviet botanist in geneticists back in the twenty's and thirty's he was at the forefront of genetic selection in not only the soviet union but also the world his work took him all over the globe collecting various seed samples he created a massive bank of all those varieties he gathered which is preserved even through the seeds are living grad during world war two much like alexander naismith yarn of he had his eye on the future hinder stood the need for preserving certain plant species and sought to find a way to sustain agricultural production since at present there were from just by using what has been achieved. is enough to increase production made pleased in the livestock certain one hundred times that is just obtained reads through ordinary selection. however some russian

scientists are taking mother nature one step further their cross breeding domestic life stuck with their wild cousins generating new species like this cow yak hybrid . and here at the institute of animal husbandry just outside of moscow there's a whole range of hybrid animals that they're experimenting with these new species are designed to offer certain advantages over their purely domestic cousins by varying the gene pool their immune to common herd diseases that means more survive to maturity and potentially more meat on our tables in addition to this is vance form of selection they're also pushing ahead with cutting edge genetic engineering . find some complicated process. instead of mixing the genomes of closely related animal species more distant taxonomical units such as classes of families church unethical

information with each other. transition gnosis is a process by which a specific gene is taken from one animal and insert it into another example russian scientists have managed to take a gene from a spider and insert it into a sheep unlike with artificial selection traits can be incorporated into a completely unrelated species the result in this case is wall that stronger and more elastic than usual. sure these wealthy sheeple are cute enough but thanks to their enhanced will they could one day save your life the fibers from the spider she might lead to a new course stronger bulletproof vests however the development of other trends jean animals could keep us safe in another way by ensuring that farms are able to increase production. full fledged selection science in the future. if we don't develop the technology

we will have to buy animals that breed the big money. to get a closer look at the whole process i popped into the genetics lab with. a fairly these complex trades gene operations are still somewhat hit or miss unfortunately the majority of attempts to insert a new gene is unsuccessful with that in mind careful tests are run after the fact to check to see if they got the result they were looking for in labs like this scientists take a d.n.a. sample from the subject animal and then isolate a certain strand of it. once they've mapped that they've been check it against another transgenic one when they see a clear difference in the genetic code they know that they have what they're looking for. while many think such genetically engineered animals may be one of the best ways to solve our food woes the technology certainly isn't without its critics

. and in the process of commercialization of transgenic animals and plants started somewhere in the mid one nine hundred eighty s. too short a period of time has passed to give a clear answer to the question of whether or not such products are safe for consumption. i can tell you that there is not to say no serious scientific publication of the harmful effects of trance analysis is the only spake of the two articles which. continue to debate the future role of genetically engineered foods all across the globe such technology is already being used on a massive scale to increase output of farm animals and a whole range of plants so despite objections genetically modified products look like they'll be a big part of the future of food now whether or not our own fly burger will be

a part of that remains to be seen. the machine that i was so we finished our scientific experiment let's discuss the results here's our fly burger which shows i think we've got a wonderful burger which could suit any consumer but only in the distant future today we have plenty of other more interesting food which is more familiar to the consumer because of course you didn't develop your technology to feed people did you initially we were to develop technology to process waste from the livestock and food industries we obtain the biomass of the fly market as a buy side product and at present its use in animal husbandry either as a substitute for fish meal or as a raw material in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and i'm just thinking thank you very much and so you may not be able to find our burger on your menu any time soon but i hope in this episode we've managed to expand your view and what will be the future of food we'll see you next title till then enjoy the ride.

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