just because it's something that the iranian government doesn't want to do doesn't necessarily mean that it's something that it's want to have pressure increases to the point where iran is backed into a corner or two governments that haven't been communicating for over three decades and when you don't have direct channels of communication that increases the likelihood miscalculations and misperceptions and it reinforces a cycle of escalation in conflict and it increases the likelihood that you can you can take actions that might not be in accordance even with your own interests and rather than governments controlling the conflict the conflict begins to control the governments and we end up with an outcome that i think both parties independently would seek to avoid to syria now where violence began in march has spilled over into the new year arab league observers on a mission to the country of want to massacres against cracking down on protesters these people though were reportedly killed in the past day despite efforts to oversee the implementation of a peace plan under the visor a group linked to the arab league has called for the observers to pull out missions

distracting attention from the ongoing. devices non-binding with the observers due to stay in syria for three weeks to enlist i should return he says the conference a powder keg that could ignite the entire region. certainly the western media viewpoint that we must believe the we must believe opposition groups it seems that any mobile footage is no except as a source what is no doubt is that thousands of syrian soldiers are dying and they haven't died because of peaceful protests this isn't a libya syria is a linchpin of the middle east the united states and other countries some of the more intelligent people realize that there will be turmoil right across the middle east if anything happens to destabilize the government forces but certainly syria the syrian government itself has to step up the pace because it's certainly losing the propaganda battle. another arab country libya is still recovering from the brutal civil war the toppled killer gadhafi last year now while there are signs of

stability tensions there also rising between the tribes and militias that one time for together against the regime exert a void filed this report from tripoli that earlier in the week. flying high but still running low almost two months after the lifting of a no fly zone over tripoli the city's airport operates far below its capacity to the passenger traffic keeps increasing every month as more and more airlines of putting tripoli back on their flight schedules the tripoli airport is once again buzzing with visitors a feller's have already within service and more expected to follow in the coming months but while flight controllers and customs officials are back of their desks it's still the militia who call the shots here and the rebels themselves admit that the situation is still way to trouble and to cede control to civilian authorities they're no longer flashing their guns to get make it very clear who is in control

here the rebel brigades from the western city of the captured the airport in late august as the rebels over on the capital the control of these key facility how the town with the population of sample fifty thousand rise to national prominence since then does in time militia have successfully styled itself as the save guards of libya's future. for forty two years our country had nothing no state institutions just one insane person. now we have a historic mission to overcome the difficulties of the transitional period we can build a new country and that. is one of the top guns in tripoli these days primarily a colonel in the good half is army he still keeps the good offices army cap in his office his subordinates are now holding the deposed libyan leader's son safe will islam. we are against any dictator but if history repeats itself we will wage

a war but we will let the rule of law decide his fate. didn't ghazi zintan misrata these libyan c.d.'s one after another rose against gadhafi as regime . their militias now represent and the real axis of power in the country as their very soon their legacy and agendas as this tribes on the only base new tricolor the prospect of civil war in libya is always there and it has a hole which has been there but has been effectively mastered by the very strong centralized rule of the gadhafi regime but of course now that that has been the stabilized we see this all of the tensions there in the fabric of libyan society coming to the fore another militia commander in charge of tripoli rebels is preparing for an interview it's been a month since he changed his military fatigues for a business suit bob dylan maker is now trying to transform rebels under his command

into a political force a laptop has replaced their rival as his main tool internet is his new front line of the armed assistant at his door is a sign that political process is still in its very early stages but. we've seen many examples in the past when people's revolutions were stolen and we are very clear that our struggle is far from over he may still come back in some other shape or form and in that case who have to take up our weapons and defend our revolution. guns are still a common side on the streets of tripoli of their prevalence has visibly decreased the city's covered with posters calling on the rebels to turn them in the design element of militia has so far failed to translate into national reconciliation the competition and monk various brigades may have become less visible but not less in towns the nato alliance would like to build up. on any division within the groups

or the parties that they have revolutionised against the qaddafi regime and according to my own understanding they would like to see certain provinces being divided inside the state of libya back in the arrival hall is in town rebels are screening passengers bags on to the posters laughed from the old regime to get out his golden frame portrait that madness at the airport a year ago is gone hatred of him and have glued the libyan society for several months fifty skilling the former unity appears to have died as well as in a work of art see tripoli. coming up on the program the year in brief we take a look back just a few of the momentous stories that made the headlines and twenty eleven around the world. in egypt pro-democracy protesters held a candlelight vigil in cairo's tahrir square on new year's eve in memory of those killed during the uprising that ousted hosni mubarak meantime the u.s.

says egypt's current rulers have agreed to hold raids on pro-democracy rights groups earlier this week soldiers and police stormed offices of nongovernmental organizations including some funded by washington documents computers were seized as part of investigations into the foreign funding when i say shows the groups accuse the ruling military of using the same tactics of repression as the mubarak regime foreign policy analyst out radical shamu told me he thinks the generals will make sure they hold on to power but the people won't stop until they have split. this is part of the military discount the supreme council on forces way of making sure. the revenue she basically is small to use it to the type of government they want because that's those are the same generals by the way who work for mubarak. so that's really basically is part of that struggle is going to good to see him going to go forward or is that a good use in going to be molded and some dude into some missive role to the

military but really the military has to step aside and let disagree and government come to power once the election are held and the election should be held as soon as possible they will not give up the power that easily but i think the egyptian people and you know in their house in general have lost their fear from corrupt government and they have restored their dignity and they will not tolerate another military dictatorship in their country i think all the evidence indicate that despite the sacrifices they are. well news in brief starting in nigeria there the country's leaders declared a state of emergency in areas hit by a wave of islamist attacks president goodluck jonathan shut borders with neighboring countries after a string of christmas day blast which killed over forty he's vowed to crush boko haram militants who claimed responsibility ballance has continued since churches

throughout the country first attacked a week ago tens of thousands of homes fearing further conflict. south sudan's government sending army and police to an area a center of a violent tribal conflict the town of people was attacked by the fighters moved rival trying who taught building story livestock and for schools to flee un troops deployed in the region weren't able to enforce security in recent months ethnic infighting caused by kapil rustlings left about a thousand. u.s. president barack obama signed into effect a more which means that any person can be detained indefinitely now without charge made to defense bills into dealing with terrorist suspects and it comes with a massive six hundred sixty two billion dollars price tag but critics say the military will now have more authority to interrogate people denying them the basic constitutional rights. this is our taste to lead in the program down with knowledge . of what the capital of iraq here's the president of iran

is now all right do you know his name method general jaf or something well we set out for the streets new york to discover what americans know about their country policy at home and across the globe. unfortunately not much new year cheer from economists predicting a turn to recession in europe for twenty twelve fight leaders use the new year messages to warn of hard times ahead in their respective countries german chancellor angela merkel said europe was facing its most severe test decades while french president sarkozy warned that the debt crisis blanketing the continent was for. from over many governments have been forced to slash their spending to meet debt obligations as economic growth in europe has been at the standstill some analysts now believe the e.u. leaders attempt to keep your of them together reserving the right. european leaders are trying to shore up the eurozone by having greater degrees of centralization and

more having countries like france and germany have the final say in a sense over the budgets of those e.u. member states that have excessive budget deficits but that really isn't the answer to the problems looks really needed as either a massive injection of cash into countries like greece and italy to shore up their economies course another option would of course to recognize that the single currency has hurt competitiveness in many nations of the eurozone so really there's a number of options either to transfer funds from the north to the struggling south or of course have an orderly break up of the eurozone. the israeli military confirmed it carried out an airstrike on guards are on friday one palestinian was killed in the attack which television claims was aimed at preventing militants from firing rockets into israel the country's been stepping up its air strikes in recent months leaving dozens dead three years after the jewish state briefly invaded gaza military officials are saying they may have to stop what they're calling a quote war of necessity now in terms of brokering

a peace deal of so far probably fruitless but israeli column is gideon levy thinks television really trying to avoid conflict. three years ago israel had a card larger not only carte blanche the west had plowed this. and didn't say a word against the city but this time we are facing a new egypt and gaza ease in the backyard of egypt and i'm not sure that egypt will remain indifferent visa via another thing but having said this i'm not sure that this is enough to prevent an attack because unfortunately israeli politicians in general has not always react in the most racial and logical way the current government of israel has no serious intention about serious dialogue with the palestinians maybe some photo opportunities but nothing more than the send the palestinian authority had just launched another proposal for israel to get back to

the negotiation table they even gave up the precondition of freezing the settlements which is a minimum. condition and they just just symbolic release of one hundred palestinian prisoners to get back to negotiation table and what it is will say no. the beginning of two thousand and twelve has been very festive for the occupy wall street protesters with around seventy of them spending the night in custody in new york they were arrested just before midnight demonstrators took to the streets of the big to a new year's eve they tried to return to the place where it all started over three months ago zuccotti park but they were stopped by police and the public or the law over the protesters one deterred and marched on through. the occupy wall street movement since its formation to spread across the u.s. and to other countries to. the formation of the protest group in new york which demands social equality and then to rule by the rich was in day one of the

remarkable milestones of twenty eleven and this is no look back now and some of the other big developments of the past year two thousand and eleven could easily go down as the most eventful year in years the killing of bin ladin after a decade long manhunt libya's gadhafi after months of nato bombing and the death of north korea's kim jong il don't even begin to illustrate twenty eleven. time chose the protester as person of the year and although there were different slogans signs and demands of solutions twenty eleven will ultimately be remembered as the year people came out onto the streets the arab spring bloomed into a european summer which harvested an american audience from cairo to california moscow to madrid to her ear to occupy global rallies shared common themes but one

thing stood out in the middle east and north africa alone it was protests that lead down one road regime change. tunisia and egypt got rid of their dictators without war but libya was not so lucky nato allies began a humanitarian mission with a fierce bombing campaign the critics called it a mislabeled invasion to take down gadhafi for benefits the only reason they're interested in with libya is about the oil you hear anybody screaming and yelling about all those people last week that were killed in the ivory coast or whose sudan gadhafi was brutally killed in october as the world watched the graphic video go viral thousands of civilians were killed over months of bombing and that's twenty twelve neared syria found itself in a similar set up for intervention russia and china fearing

a repeat of the situation in libya as civil war intensifies this is a direct it's the fact that the rhetoric clash between the u.s. and nato on one side and russia and china on the war you know on the other side you know much more david was in libya protests continue in egypt libya syria and many more arab countries as the year ends. the battle to save a drowning single currency left to board rooms and banks in twenty eleven and flooded the streets of europe most commonly and violently in athens greek debt became the centerpiece of the euro crisis protests raged against desperate austerity cuts to qualify for i.m.f. bailouts germany and france vying for influence in the debt ridden zone i think we will see an exit of greece given the situation in which the greek economy find itself has become really unavoidable draining the economy of big brother germany

can't go on forever greece and italy are now led by on a lark to brussels back technocrat leaders who are trying to curb the crisis coming into new year critics say twenty eleven bell outs or bust was the beginning of the end for the single european currency there's every chance the euro is going to crash. london burned for days in the summer of twenty eleven what began as a peaceful protests demanding justice over the death of a twenty nine year old man who was shot by police turned into days of riots and left authorities helpless talks of possibly bringing out the military boston shops were looted car set on fire and windows smashed across the u.k. the police the job center all the banks everything that's happening the recession you know there's a lot of anger about that social experts also through a felt multicultural programme and racism into the mix.

so the. institution. institutionally racist as well the riots faded but the problems are still passing some say only a spark is needed to set the public off again. occupy wall street became a household name in the us and around the world when the protests began in september if you were talking about mainstream media stayed silent until seven hundred people were arrested on the brooklyn bridge and that truly based on the end of his fruits of american politics. there are a disorganized they look but there's one of the protesting nobody seems to know but negative coverage didn't stop us from spreading from small towns to huge ports

occupied was not going anywhere raids on camps heavy handed police and burning pepper spray only helped occupy grow their message of the need for economic equality and an end to corporate greed their slogan became we are the ninety nine percent and they are the rich the one percent from oakland to boston the more people occupy the more. taliban became more and that in the in the. us europe if you're right on the right there are our police forces have been militarized they are working more in cooperation with the pentagon they're buying and being given military surplus the quick meant that has been kind of designed for use in war and this is something that leads to treating the public as you would treat an enemy a public that has promised to come out in full force in twenty twelve.

parliamentary elections were the push behind tens of thousands of people coming out onto the streets of moscow after allegations the december duma vote was raked. the protest at least fifty thousand strong the largest in recent history calls for free and fair elections and remains peaceful ruling party united russia lost popularity in the vote with official results putting their numbers i don't most fifty percent but experts say a sixteen percent drop from two thousand and seven should be taken as a warning i think a lot of people wanted to punish. russia for having power for so long and maybe not doing everything they could protest organized by vast groups of opposition members are set to continue in twenty twelve next year russia along with the u.s.

and france holds presidential elections which makes it a safe bet people will be out on the streets in twenty twelve in europe america and around the world and he's now a r.t. moscow. and if they do we'll of course be covering it now we've got more on the events as well as the last year the ages gone twenty eleven waiting for on a website called while you're there you can also see the world celebrated the arrival of twenty twelve so all of our website some spectacular footage of new year's celebrations around the globe we compiled it all together for you very nice to. it's about. first the end of the year so u.s. troops way farewell to iraq a web site exposed the implications and consequences of nine years of conflict. and a look at the uprising the demo's the disasters of twenty eleven the seen through the eyes of our correspondent a special series we brought you last week if you missed it online from us as well.

witnesses. to history in the making. testimony. ten stories that shaped two thousand and eleven. the men and women hoping to become the next president of the united states appear to spend as much time demonstrating their ignorance of the world as they do their political credentials but he's in the same kind of found that could just be a reflection of society. it's three agencies of government when i get there that are gone commerce education and the what's the third one there let's see he's looking to to actually fire tens of thousands of federal workers and eliminate an entire cabinet level position and he can even remember its name asked me who is the president of you beki beki beki beki stan stan i'm going to say you know i don't know do you know it's not the fact that he doesn't know it's the fact that he doesn't think he should look it up so you agree with president obama livia.

basic knowledge of those attempting to spearhead a country can leave much to be desired would be this leave americans choosing their politicians and their country's potential future let's find out say. heard of it. for some reason i don't know anything about libya do you know what is back and stamina no i do not know it because stand back and. do you know the us is an airbase there. nor do we know about libya not watching you know to spell libya yes yes do you know the united states was involved in a war with libya. ok. you know why. i know absolutely nothing about. what about new mexico is that a state or a country what is that i didn't really think don't you think that.

it's the old me under bush. i actually. come on it was not that long ago you know you cheney was the vice president of the us. you know i have no idea i know. my son. cheney. so when secretary of state kindly serai step now we would be fools and nice to ignore their purpose and their plan some countries are at the top of politicians list to attack her believe i am literally but how much do people really know about those faraway places. like wisconsin really good to me. was the president. you know the president of iran is no capital capital of iran do you know the capital city of iran. negative do you guys know what iran is oh yes yes yes what's

the capital of iraq here's. the president. the president who just died but the capital of the capital yes i do but if you're asking me i can't tell you that either top secret come on i don't know is calling me. snow libya or. anything he gets a. little something if the president of iraq iran iraq all right you know his name but a jet a giraffe or something when it comes to picking a future for the you want to see what comes next may be tough without the knowledge of what has gone on in the past and even the very present it is this it should not be one. of the top secret. troubles a bit later very said. the adventure to

a small over the world read to russian white sea for diving and kite surfing. headlines in two minutes.

the litmus tests. period. he. says.

he wants to go to moscow autopsy doris' u.s. president barack obama signs of pale imposing new tough sanctions on iraq targeting the central banks and financial sector a response. has to run for at least a couple for crucial supply route through which a fifth of the world's oil flows. anyway violence erupts in syria with demonstrators claiming schools more killed by security forces arab league observers react the theory said with a pull out of the end of the mission to broker peace. while the world welcomes the arrival of twenty twelve with fireworks and champagne almost seventy occupy protesters had to wish each other happy new year in custody they were arrested just before midnight attempting for to call to

a place where the occupy wall street movement has come to over three months ago. now more sights and sounds from around russia a special report we've got lined up for you from the white sea enjoy. the white sea its surface remains true to the east been nearly seven months a year. the chilly breath of the arctic ocean keeps the water freezing cold. near the coast however the high winds and bitter cold receipt. that even in winter also can be seen through holes in the ice. cold squeals and crushing sounds can often be heard and. this is how so cool to the canaries of the sea communicate.