live from moscow this is our teacher of stories now accusations over who's buying a weekend of bombings in syria fly between rebels and the government with the massacres claiming saudi arabia and qatar there are traces of their involvement at the crime scenes. post revolution the old ways still dominate in egypt for its critics accusing the new islam a strong parliament of turning the constitutional assembly into a farce. u.s. police received death threats after a crackdown on occupy protesters marking the six month anniversary of the movement with peaceful demonstrations. stories in full in half an hour from now in the

meantime a special documentary about the world's nuclear arsenals and whether what some call antiquated technology still poses a threat to our everyday lives. the follow from the french test went beyond the polynesian islands it caused outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the anti-nuclear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes a make any other country new zealand refuse to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here in theory technology is banned it's the law. i think a lot of the young people today feel proud of that new zealand into every policy that people have come complacent and feel that it's far more safe that there are these other issues i mean a lot of people to say people in the peace movement has had be sent out of the gravy it sounds awful but it's what people like. even in new zealand it's difficult

to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the aging pacifist movement and i'm working at peace foundation in my role as the youth outreach coordinator. for the race and they are going to tie he to the pacific here festival and basing all these amazing people from the twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not promote and that we were big compared to. some of the things out of the pacific other countries. i was pushed up on the higher the peace activist mother she's been around during peace it took his glass to see it so it's in my blood and i feel a sponsor for the city to continue but where. i have this funny memory of mom buying a crane this stick of it from your window and it was of the rainbow warrior and the

fake terrorism and now harbor on a part that was on a peaceful mission and really sort of show choir dear living in a safe country i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the legacy of hunt really the strength that we have given young people especially on a actually a good policy because it's twenty is since we actually passed the law and we want to young people should know about the law because any was only four when the law was passed. and the old traditions as i can see it it's just so much work is. not and that's. what. i feel is. that the saints are. not money and the service people in the family think they knew that the it's all part of their. listening to the stories of people about mum and. peacemakers in israel and they've done because me hard and i think that all i've

seen what ordinary citizens can make a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long who say that made their country nuclear free and either confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there and protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model there that is unusual i think the world would lose notice it took another twelve years to learn a government that actually ran on a. ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem but bombing the rainbow warrior and what it did instead was it absolutely cemented

her it's not just french and it's important to remember that the british and australia on average in a lamed before that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french until he. the british the french and it's a fair beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military here is a dentist picture and studied. the results demonstrated the presence of elevated chromosomal disturbances. in the fifty years ago. so they're basically saying i have suffered to them and. when we spoke recently national conference here on the way in the daughter of one of the nuclear test fictions spoke out her father was too ill to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having

a child born deformed even in new zealand because he thinks of radiation from. exposed to new cities in the sense that. i don't like it. i have three children. and i don't live with they think that. i was there it was normal until my so i got disco and this is on the merits. so i would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm up as a take. and then i'll say i and my mom. how i understood. prop plane is in the next navy commander who's now working at the department of security some time back in may one thousand circumstance when i was in and she said marine

helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this new trek up the pole which we were given. if we ever had to release that true helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't exit and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that. only later many years later of it so this was completely untrue. as a new convert against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain first i was not

a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we are professional military men. who fought for it deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapons aspect was an abberation. take. him playing on the phone he had a conscience to do something about these and i can imagine a guy around it's the happiest. calibrator and i see him so now so passionate about what he does that it's just sad not to rob well it is the ultimate cautionary tale but probably says nothing like convert. the always tend to overdo it because you really understand the enormity of what it's been proposed the pentagon and others will say oh don't worry we had better be alone

well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake specially whether thousands of the nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert early us down in russia in the united states. i think it's eleven atomic bombs accidentally. we dropped four off of stray we have dropped one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states and that one is still there was never a thought that we knew. the weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with on that there's a natural tendency to play both sides usually they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons it's very given the

number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons and not ninety six when we began this will cool project time there was this dream that if you say i'm going to clean it weakens and legal and everywhere else in the world could try going through the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's an eagle to use nuclear weapon to morrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be completely legal as we have done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic in what it is that we were posted by the sense of hope that this could happen but the real sources of international law

a pattern treaties customary international law and the general principles of the law recognized by the legal systems of the world. that quite categorical on the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by way of clipped you know the most of. our threat or use of force. by means of nuclear weapons and that these pointers to article in a form of the united nations charter and article fifty one. is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them. our goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are

in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you just read but it is contrary to international law even to have in one's ass it is this weapon because the purpose of the weapons to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear power is our alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to have gone to the courts but governments on ignore it and that's true they have. and here that he relied on all the time was he said and of course we

never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought your concerns is that if they try to claim a level use nuns terms doesn't work where many would argue that terence does mean use of says are you seven you can repent richly threaten to use them and it bring you into their work or the first time you want to keep it straight and that's the need it was the south pacific now with and the activists that i did have threesome clued in the original question if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could barguti well we're only relying on terence which is a threat and so we're not going to use so i waited for him the. police chief and he is going to go back to the court house restaurant but. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tablet opinion on. this based on. what i

understand that they knew is another's wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion and i wanted to say to news on how can we might that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is that your understanding of it as a member there looking for some new lever to put more pressure on your group states to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world court sitting in americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their hands over the purpose of any nonproliferation treaty does provide

a framework for ending the threat of destructions missions pretty clear we're assigning sinar states really agree to take good fleets efforts to move a limb and a nuclear weapons i'm not of that and of course we focus on run aleutians by others those who are like policemen on the world scene and talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very law which they want other countries to observe how you have what if a policeman violates the law you cannot expect the rest of the world to can play with a lot of the only thing that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries. that has followed these days is you know dividing the world between friends court and court good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil to do with that approach doesn't

work it doesn't pay too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty s. the double sand in iraq was a friend of the west. or stalin on an intelligence agency and it's not the invasion of interact with. nuclear proliferation and terror . for good reasons these are the. deterrence perspective and the reason that through the united states when the war the us spends as much as the rest of the world. for spamming something only in the us and to turn. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military documents the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals

must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security who is attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there is terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists and it would that not be rather like shooting musky it is with cannot answer i think the british would make a much bigger splash of the history of the world if they decided that they let the program expire we are still fighting the poli war between britain and france because when i finally cornered. any senior british military man these days and asked him why do you need nuclear

weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's do with the french we cannot allow france to be the only european. and there is this fear that britain will become like music that if they're going to be free they will be of no consequence in the world . even though i do this work i constantly get i've been around a minute discussion that we have been talking about the reality of here we pins in the streets sometimes i just want to curl honest i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be time and a five minute recess but i can do something i'm i what. i mean now it's generation went out the woods and things and crisis is now another number you caused

a lot of people i speak to a movie i feel that there. are also some names on. it and some you know if you can sign it and i kind of shame have been the backbone. because as much comes from. the proceeds you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people not it not just that it's possible it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm here testament to water so i mean it's not necessarily it's you got to convince the public so you make all the parts right suddenly we're going to be right here we're going to be free yeah but i think we really should really try to trace and i think the mobilization that would occur would be huge mistake here like no one's telling you what it is mostly because it's

kind of the feeling stupid a kind of case. so there. when i was so it's like a low young people who lost it might be interested in some of this issues but not complicit and that was almost just the resentment but the maze and what you don't listen to the words the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists try to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear growing right. problem. the largest the most affected if not violent it's one of the i think history and successful. of the united states was moving

towards shore and produce an offensive nuclear capacity was and it was forced to back down and fair of the regular administration was forced to open topped the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs and that's where the stormers comes from they were not playing back anyone who just bought into a live in a nuclear weapons if you measured the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two there were one million whites and central park and new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true peace with more states we're going to. talk

significantly but the lesson there are very clear. political movement as well. as the importance of nuclear proliferation and very much. aware or concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concern by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i just like to say that to you in your speech is now serving us. right to. i'm like ok. let's do it once i actually found out how bad it was on three different people who really made that clear to me speakers. and concerts. and i watched it smash were very last stages of a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist disarmament educator.

let's just keep going there's a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sail the boat into nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to say three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on hiroshima and nagasaki all the columns in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalence firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that will make sense and would stop this mad rush for

seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that has nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and to rely for security on non-nuclear means. and when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries i've indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries sense that why should they be left behind canada is interested in more small level of original very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes for for to work as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at the much lower level. orders today as part of an old us we were third world good with our dedication to peacekeeping as

a persuader gross domestic product we've now dropped down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were the leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because that's a number of measures and later as a nuclear alliance it's like nothing they've signed on to us clearly canadian foreign policy of the first policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. i am. everything is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they sent a shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or

global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are. made the bond between.

it.