it is good to. see. the latest news on the week's top stories of the previously divided u.n. security council sends a strong and united message to both sides in the syrian conflict about foreign arms in rebel hands still considerable the main roadblocks to peace. the truce gunman who murdered seven people including three children was killed in a standoff with police intelligence services are criticised for failing to stop it sort of tracking the news. on their way into the strife in egypt fresh football wives and ups imports are a great influence when the frustrations of the suspension of the club. next in our to ya special report meets activists fighting for include the solomons

and nonproliferation. the fallout from the french test went beyond the polynesian islands it caused outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the anti-nuclear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes unlike any other country new zealand refused to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here nuclear technology is banned it's the law i think a lot of the young people do feel proud about this in this country free policy but i think people have come a bit complacent and feel that it's far more safe there are these other ships here i mean a lot of people say people in the peace movement has happy sent out a means gravy it sounds awful but that's what people's like. even in new zealand it's difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of antarctic and he wants to revitalize the aging pacifist

movement and i'm wishing peace foundation in my role is to use outreach called matters. of race and they are going to tell he to the pacific he fist of all. us basing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remote and that we were big he had to. sort things out the pacific island countries. i was pushed up on the higher the peace activist mother she's been around during peace activist the last thirty years so it's in my blood and i feel a sponsor for the sea to continue that way. i have just found a memory of mum buying a crane place stickers that you put on it when the news of the rainbow warrior and the fake terrorism and how how on a fight that was on

a peaceful mission and released shots fired tear living in a safe country i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the legacy of hunt really the strength that we have given young people especially on actually a good policy because it's twenty is since we actually passed the war and we want to young people to know about the war because any was only four when that law was passed. and the old traditions kinds of i could see it it's just sometimes work is not. enough and that's. what. i have here is to. say it's really. not on the surface because they really think they knew that the is all things that are there. listening to the stories both people about mum and. peacemakers in israel and they've done gives me heart and i think that i've seen what ordinary citizens can very like

a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of a long crusade it made their country nuclear free and either confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those nights to go out there and actually protest when it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model they have it is an unusual i think right around the world. to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran over a nuclear ticket at one. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking but they would somehow stop this problem but doubling the road warrior and what it did instead was absolutely cemented it hope it's not just going to have it's important to remember that the british and

australia on aboriginal lamed the fallout that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french until he. the british preceded the french and it's a beginning in one nine hundred fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted nuclear bomb by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. fiction study that's just come the result stephen started the presence of elevated chromosomal disturbances. actions in the fifteen years ago so they're basically saying i have suffered. since we spoke recently national conference here i'm sorry much when the daughter of one of the greatest patrons. spycatcher father was too old to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having a child found food even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from.

exposed to new treaty some of the stuff that. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with they think the rest. i was through was normal until my until i got to school and it's on the merits in color so it would appear. so and because it's a mother to take her news and then i'll say i am a man. because that's how i understood. crane as an ex navy commander now working at the department of security theater back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in and she submarine helicopters i was required to train my

air crew in using this new to drop the bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it but from a helicopter we could not escape for it as an exit and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me if i was ambitious and i would also was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that. only later many years later so this was completely untrue. as a new convert it is due to weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends are psychopaths and we are professional military men. who

fought for it deeply about what we did but i disagree with them the nuclear weapon was an aberration. i think. i'm playing. he had a conscience to do something about great and i can't imagine a guy around its merits. i just can't imagine and i see him suck now so passionate about what he does it's just sad not the rob well of exultant cautionary tale but part of it says nothing like a convert. yep there are always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which of what spin pros to the pentagon. those rules don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nope or

a war but no through weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake specially whether thousands of nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert early us then in russia or the united states. i think it's eleven upon make. that plane. we drop off of stay we have brought one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states now all is still there was never found that we knew little or weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with on them that there's a natural tendency to play both sides usually they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. even given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here right the activists are

convinced that an accident is ending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons and ninety six when we began to swell project idea there was a stream if you see i'm going to clean nuclear weapons and legal in everywhere else in the world could try going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's illegal to use a nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be completely legal as we had done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic and. we were opposed to the sense of heart that this could happen but the real sources of international law apart from treaties as to marry international law and the general principles of law recognised by the legal systems

of the world. that quite categorical on the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by way of three that you know you mustn't. let only use of force. i means of nuclear weapons and that is going to lead to article two of all of the united nations charter and article if you want. is unlawful. nucular deterrence says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you just read it is contrary

to international law or even to have in one's assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapon is to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into court but governments would ignore it and that's true they have. and the other thing he relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually would have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem

for the people who wrote you can to terence is that if they try to claim all over usenet terrorists as work where many would argue that terence doesn't use says a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that's when you enter will cause the first time you've fought to keep it straight and the spinning it was the south pacific now is in the activists that argue to have threesome created in their original question if you have to get a threat then the. nuclear states could go argued well we're only relying on terence which is a threat and so we're not ready so i waited for him. to for me is that going to go back to the court throws peter. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tad better opinion on. this based on. what i understand that they knew is another's wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion

and i wanted to say to new zone how can we might get stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state correctness that is still illegal. is that your understanding of it is i mean that they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the stage to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world court sitting in american security have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror and said and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction inspirations for nuclear war and

the signing sign or states rather you agree to take a good freeze or different from a limited nuclear weapons not a with up to that and of course we focus on regulations by which those who are like policemen on the word scene and talk of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now what if a policeman but it's the law you cannot expect the rest of the village to complain be a lot of the only thing that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach that is followed these days is you know abiding there were between friends quarter on quarter good countries and court and court bad or roll countries or even to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much to remember that in the one nine

hundred eighty s. so that i will stand in iraq was a friend of the west to. restore our intelligence agencies and the invasion of. sperm. nuclear proliferation and terror for good reasons least the. deterrence of the other side. and nobody's going to through the united states with more. spending as much as the rest little or. nothing spending so the only way to simply turn. around and hurt. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military documents the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make it easier to use france and britain have responded with

surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it was attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists and it will that not be rather like shooting musk eaters with cameras i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decided that they let the program expire we are still fighting the poli war between britain and france because when i finally cornered. any senior british military man these days and asked why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do

with the russians it's due to the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become not using that if they wanted to free they would be. of no consequence in the world. even though i do this where it constantly get overwhelmed minute discussion that we were having talking about the reality of naysay weapons on the streets sometimes i just want to honest i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be time and if i am going to persist that i can do something i what. i mean now commenced interaction went out the woods and things presences now you caused a lot of young people for. movie night go out there. and ninety three also

for different names on. it and some you mentioned if you can sign it and i got a shame if that was only. because as much comes from sort of active projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think interests so much on if not it and not just trash status because it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm here to stand for water so i mean it's not necessarily it's you've got to convince the public so you make all the cuts and suddenly we're going to be. here we're going to create free yeah but i think we really try to trace and i think the mobilization that would occur would be huge mess that here like no one's telling you what it is mostly because it's kind of a feeling it's still be a kind of place. so be it. but i also think that

a lot of young people lost that much interest in some of these issues but not complacent and that overwhelmed by all of us here is a man who was amazed when we don't listen to the words the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of eventually you're going to blow everybody up you you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear early. problem. the largest and most effective not violent it's movement in history and successful. the united states was moving

towards sharp increase in offensive nuclear capacity as an it girl was forced to back down and for the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs that's we're out of the store we're stems from and we're not playing back in the woman we just wanted to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two their one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true. for students we're going to. talk about significantly but the lesson there is very clear.

political movement as well as the importance of nuclear proliferation they very much. aware of the work concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael. i just like to say that you and your speech is now serving the school. and i'm like ok. let's hear one side actually found out that it was three different people who really made that clear to me speakers. and the search which. i watched were very like stage you have a speaker although it's new york. she is an activist disarmament educator. let's just keep going there's a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of

a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to sri megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used here seaman aka saki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalence firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this mad the rush for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find

a way to give them up and to rely for security on non-nuclear means. and when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries that's sad why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes for for to work as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. borders curious part in all this we were third world good with our dedication to peacekeeping as you proceed to gross domestic product and now drop down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear

proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a number of measures later it is a neutral lots it's like nothing i've signed on to which clearly canadian foreign policy of the baseball see military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. ever. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty countries committed to disarm they said the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warning. to future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be

live without saying a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on. make a bomb be. good

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