but don't get lost in the crowd with one russian belong to the flames all the stereotypes wrong take knowledge of these huge cold hard seats. thanks for being with us of fortune day's news and stories that shape the week on. russia sascoc announced peace mission could be the last chance for syria to avoid a civil war moscow also pledged support at all levels from us arab envoys plan and the pilot struck in. the killing of toulouse gunman mohamed merah uncovers a bigger problem in france as experts highlight dangerous was on the country's immigration policies. as pressure mounts over time friends nuclear program protesters in israel opposed to an attack on the islamic state point it would have

catastrophic consequences for the region. next up meet those who devoted their lives to saying no to nukes in their frontline quest against nuclear arms. the follow from the french tests went beyond the polynesian islands it caused outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the n.t. nuclear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes and make any other country new zealand refuse to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here nuclear technology is banned it's the law i think a lot of the young people to feel proud about new zealand is actually free posi but i think people would come a bit complacent and feel that it's far more safe that there are these other she's you know i mean a lot of people say people in the peace movement has had be sent out a big gravy it sounds awful but it's what people say. even in new zealand it's

difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the aging pacifist movement well i'm wishing his foundation in my role is to use outreach coordinator . for the race and they are going to tie he to the pacific he's festival and facing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remarks and that we would bake you know he had to. sort things out that was such a garden country. i was pushed out on a higher place it was a mother she's been around during pastes it took his last so it's in my blood and i feel a sponsor for the city to continue that way. i have just from a memory of buying

a crane place stickers that you put on your windows of the rainbow warrior and the face of terrorism and harbor on a party that was on a peaceful mission and really sort of show choir dear living in a safe country. it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation a legacy of hunt privilege that i think that we have given young people especially on a policy because twenty is since reaction passed the rule and we want to young people should know about it all because any was only four when that law was passed. and the old times as i can see it it's interesting because we're just not. enough and that's. what. i feel is. that since we're. not mother and assist in that they really think they knew that he is all over. listening to the stories of people that mum and.

peacemakers in israel and the way they've done gives me heart and i think that i have seen what ordinary citizens can do like a difference and i feel that i can contribute to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long who say that made their country nuclear free and under neither confirm nor deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those flights to go out and protest and when it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model there that is unusual i think right around the world we live to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran on a. ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking but they would somehow stop this problem

but bombing the road warrior and what it did instead was absolutely cemented her. just right and it's important to remember that the british and australia on aboriginal named for that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french entirely. the british preceded the french and its effect beginning in one nine hundred fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted nuclear bomb by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian military. using them to speech and study. the results stephen started the presence of elements of chromosomal disturbances. veterans in the fifty years ago. so they're basically saying i have suffered to them and. we spoke recently as a national conference here on the way in the water out of one of the nuclear test.

spycatcher father was too old to speak and she talked about growing out what that fear of having a child born deformed even in new zealand because he thinks of radiation from. supposed to nuclear to some of us in fact. and i'm like you. i have three in which children. and i don't live with you think that. i was through was normal until i until i got to school and it's on the merits in korea so it would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm up as a take for news and then i'll say i am i'm i'm trying to start neatly. because that's how i understood. proclaim as an external command her now working at the department of security

center back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in and she said marine helicopters i was required to train my crew in using this nuclear problem which we were given. if we ever had to release it but from a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't exit and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it if it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that. only later many years later of. this was completely true. as a new convert it is due to weapons i was looked upon with great school by the.

peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we are professional military men. who thought very deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapons aspect was an aberration. and playing on the phone he had a conscience to do something about please write i can imagine me going around it's . just come later and i see him so now so passionate about what he does that it's just sad not to rob well it is the ultimate cautionary tale but what if they say it's nothing like that. they're always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which is what is being proposed the pentagon others will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of

safety systems there can not be a accidental start of an open air war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake especially with a thousand nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert in the us than in russia in the united states therefore i think it's eleven o'clock am a while arms that. we dropped four off of stay we have dropped one nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states and that one is still there a number of. the weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with some that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. they say they're cutting back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. and i was given the

number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons and ninety six when we began to swell project idea there was a strain if you say i'm going to clean it with friends and legal been everywhere else in the world could to try going to the world quote we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be completely legal as we have done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic and. we were posted by the sense of heart that this could happen by the real sources of

international law a pattern treaties to marry international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world. that by categorical on the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by we are stretched you know to mostly our threat or use of force. by means of nuclear weapons and that is contrary to article four of the united nations charter and article fifty one. is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if need. our goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real

we are in the realm of the virtual world need don't know what you just read it is contrary to international law even to have in one's assonance this weapon because the purpose of the weapons to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers are alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether the nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that. it was a mistake to have gone to court but government so he can or it and that's true they have. and he of the relied on all the time was he said and of course we never

actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought your little turds is that if they try to claim a liberal use number terms doesn't work where many would argue that terence does mean use of so it is a use of a nuclear weapon which he threatened to use them and that's when you enter that will cause the first time you fought to keep it straight and the spinning it was the south pacific noise and the activists and i gave him three some clues in the original question if you had to get it thrust then the. nuclear states could barguti well we're only relying on terence which is threat and so we're not getting years i waited for him in. return from years ago to go back to the court house rules which are. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tad that

opinion on. this based on. what i understand that the lewis and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion and i wanted to say kenya's own how can we might that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that's take pictures that is still illegal. so your understanding of it is remember they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the liquid stage to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world courses in american security come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the

parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destructions missions for nuclear war and the signing signer states to be agreed to click good faith effort from a limited nuclear weapons i'm not a good look at that and of course we focus on revolutions by others those who are like policemen on the word scene i'm talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe how you are if a policeman but it's the law he cannot expect the rest of the world to come play with a lot of the only things that would work would we want that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach that is followed these days is you know dividing the world between friends quarter on quarter good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or

evil doers that approach doesn't work it doesn't pay too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty s. so that i will stand in iraq was a friend of the rest. of. the intelligence agencies of the invasion of iraq would spur. proliferation and terror. for good reasons least of the. deterrent yourself. nobody's going to through the united states want war. spent about as much as the rest of the world. from spending something only when you simply turn. on. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military documents the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled

a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it was attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can they use nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting most teachers with cannons i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decide that they let the program expire we are still fighting the poli war between britain and france because when i finally cornered.

any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons let's say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's due to the french we cannot allow france to be the only europe nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like museums if they're going to be free they will be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this work i constantly get i have a one minute discussion that we were having talking about the reality of nature of weapons on the streets sometimes i just want to carry on i just. had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be done and a fireman exists that i can do something i what. now that's generation by going to

out the woods and saying prices but now another number and you guys among the people i speak to a movie night at their own party such a night they also call just names on. that song usually you can sign up for this and i shamed. by prolonging enthusiasm which comes from lives it took projects yes go on and people sought out a images from it which i don't think exists so much on it without it i'm just not as visible as before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people are just dying and still you know there's a million people around and i'm here to someone to water so i mean it's not necessarily it's you've got to convince the public statement or the pope said suddenly we're going to be afraid you're going to be here and we're going we really have to try to trace and i think the mobilization that would occur would be huge massive yeah i know one thing you want it is my work because it's kind of the

feeling is still there to kind of pace. so there. but i also think that i will young people that aspect might be interested in some ways but not that complex and they're overwhelmed by all of us here isn't one of the made them and we don't listen to the guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of eventually you're going to blow everybody up you you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament world wide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event could those who took to the streets during the cold war. the. early night. probably. the largest and most effective nonviolent peaceful movement

in history and successful i'm one of the united states was moving towards shore and produce an offensive nuclear capacities that it was forced to back down and right now the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement and already continue with their programs and that's where a little star wars comes from and we're not playing tag anyone are just going to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measured the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two their one million marched and central park and new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true peace for the more steps we're going to.

significantly but the lesson there is very clear. political movement can change or. we're so nuclear proliferation is very much. aware or concerned what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that to you in your speech is now serving the basic. right to. make a. right spirit and once i actually found out that it was three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and in search which it struck me and i watched it smash were very like stage you have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist disarmament educator

producer and. let's just keep going is there a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves in the activist involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear tests and they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to sri megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used here seem another saki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalence firepower of the world's nuclear

arsenal today. the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness rush for

seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and through life the security of non-nuclear moves. when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in the ballot being a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries and sad why should they be left behind counters interested in the small level of the rich and very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes for for to it as a latent proliferation important place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. borders hey it's part in all this we were third or good

at our dedication to peacekeeping as you proceed to gross domestic product and now drop down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a number much later it is a nuclear lots just like matthew that you signed on for years clearly canadian foreign policy the best policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians were big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. ever. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they sent a shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to

spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are. made the bond between.