there is not news review of the week the russian president offered his full support to the u.n. arab envoys peace mission in syria saying it may be the last chance to avoid a prolonged and bloody civil war since kofi annan to me treatment but have held talks in moscow in france the murder of seven people and to lose by a man of algerian origin puts the country under the spotlight as experts highlight the dangerously widespread social exclusion of minorities. and punishment for bad behavior barack obama's promise to north korea if it goes ahead with his controversial satellite launch. next as promised part two of our special report for you about the people who devote their lives to say no to nukes in their front line

campaign against nuclear arms. the follow up from the french tests went beyond the polynesian islands it caused outrage in new zealand which took the lead in the anti-nuclear movement and became a black sheep among western countries yes unlike any other country new zealand refused to rely on nuclear weapons for its security but here nuclear technology is banned it's the law. i think a lot of the young people do feel proud about new zealand specially for a policy that people work with become a bit complacent and feel that it's farm we're safe there are these other she said i mean a lot of people to say people in the peace movement was happy sent out of beams gray beards christensen's but that's what people say. even in new zealand it's difficult to find young people concerned about this issue they are more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the ageing pacifist

movement when i'm working at the peace foundation and my role is to use outreach coordinator. the race they are going to tie easy to the pacific you fist of all and facing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remote and that we were big we had our computer you. saw things out that was such a garden country. i was brought up on a higher a peace activist mother she's been around during peace activist last tuesday it starts in my blood and i feel a sponsor for the city to continue that work. i have because i'm a memory of mum buying a grain place stickers that you put on in wonder and it was of the rainbow warrior and the face of terrorism and how i harbor on a part that was on

a peaceful mission and really stretch for clients here living in a safe. i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation a legacy of hope really i think that we have given young people especially on a policy it was twenty years since we actually passed the rule and we want to young people to know that there was any was only four when that law was passed. and the old time thank you it's just sometimes we're. not and that's. what. i feel is. that. we're. not. the first. thing that is all. listening to the stories of people that mum and peacemakers and israel and they've done gives me heart and i think that what i've seen what ordinary citizens can do

make a difference and i feel that i can contribute to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness a pacifist remind them of the long who say it made their country nuclear free and under neither confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those parts to go out and actually protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model that the that is the new unusual i think right around the world . to notice it took another twelve years to get along with governments and actually ran until you clear to get one. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem. but the road warrior what it did instead was absolutely cemented her. just. remember that the british and australia on aboriginal

lamed for that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french into even. the british preceded the french from the pacific beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. and studied. the results and started the presence of elements of current. trends in the fifty years ago so they're basically saying i have suffered any damage. recently national conference here on disarmament when the daughter of one of the. spycatcher father was too ill to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having i tried to fool even in israel and

because it effects of radiation from. the nucleus and the sense that. i don't like you. i have three children. and i don't live with these. i was so it was normal and so my so i got to go and sit on the merits and go around so it would appear. so and i said because with so i i'm up as a teacher. and then as i am in my my trust start nuclear. because that's how i understand. crop crane is an external command her now working at sam and security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in n.c. seventeen helicopters i was required to train my air crew

in using this new could depth bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it but from a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't it and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was be assured that we probably would never really have to use it it shocked me because i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence i realize that. i mean later many years later of. this was completely untrue. as a new convert as it is new to weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we were professional military men.

who thought for a deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. a big. finger on the phone. conscience to do something about it right i can imagine going around its. largest cabinets and and i see him so that now so passionate about what he does it's just. said mother all well it's the ultimate cautionary tale of a safe nothing like call that. the always turns or overdo it because you really understand you know which is what spring protest the pentagon and others will say oh don't worry we have everyone on well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of

a nuclear war but nuclear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake especially with the founders of the nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert and the us and in russia the united states have dropped i think it's eleven upon me bombs that. we drop four off of spray we have drop one i know for a weapon in a marsh here in the united states now still there was never a foul that when you you kill a weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with on that there's a natural tendency to play both sides wish away and they say they're coming back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. being given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is ending ok and that the only valid security system is the total

abolition of nuclear weapons and ninety six when we began to swell project tightly and there was this dream if you say i'm going to clean your plate ribbons and we go in everywhere else in the world could do it by going to the world quote we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's an illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the drain was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and. they were of course and that eventually these weapons would be taking it illegal as we had done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic and. thought that we were posted by the sense of how this could happen either real sources or international law apart from treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems

of the world. that by categorical the banning of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used either by way of a strike or by the ostrich you know the mostly i think it's all use of force. by means of nuclear weapons and that these contrary to article four of the united nations charter and article fifty one is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them in the. our goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're just reading it is contrary to international law or even to have in one's assonance this weapon

because the purpose of the weapon is to use it by that as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to have gone to the courts but governments will ignore it and that's true they have. and he of the relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who practically turns is that if they try to emulate we use names terms

doesn't work that we're meant for would argue that terence does mean used so it is a use of nuclear weapons which they threaten to use them and that's when you go into the work or the first time you've fought to get that threet you know and the spinning it was the south pacific noirs and the activists that i have threesome quoted in their original question if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could go argued well we're only relying on terence which is threat and so we're not ready so i waited for him in. return from years ago to go back to the court personnel speech and. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tebbit opinion on. this based on. what i understand that the law is and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous part of the opinion and i wanted

to say to new zone how can we might get stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the liquid stage to comply and just are completely not just to reduce yes the nuclear weapons effects it's reverse since the world court says and the americans particularly come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet i think the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destructions missions probably going to work

at the signing sign or states they agree to take good for later efforts to a limit a nuclear weapons i'm not of them lived up to them and now of course we focus on going to voters those who are likely least been on the world scene i'm talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very law which they want other countries to observe now what if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the world to come play with a lot of the only thing that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach that has followed this is is you know dividing the world between friends court and court good countries and court and court bad or roll countries or evildoers that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much and remember that in the one nine hundred eighty three

that i will stand in iraq was a friend of the rest. of them. are still in the intelligence and concerns of the invasion of iraq would spur nuclear proliferation and terror. for good reasons and these are the. target. nobody's going to through the united states will. be responsible as much as the rest of the world. from spending so the only way to simply. turn. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with

surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security who is attacking the united kingdom so we have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting mosquitoes with camels i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decided that they let the program expire we are still fighting the polio war between britain and france because when i finally cornered. any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do

with the russians it's due to the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like president if we're going to be free there will be of no consequence in the world. even though i do this work i constantly get overwhelmed i mean that discussion that we were having talking about the reality of next here would consume three sometimes i just don't care i'm just i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be done and if i am and it was this that i can do something i will. now cranston are. going to out the woods and hide his face now and i don't know about you guys but a lot of the people i speak to

a movie i throw at them pretty such and they are also whole different names i used in that song your position if you can sign it and i want to shame. that belonging to me because you're so much comes from live sort of active projects you go on and people sought out you know just from it which i think exists so much among young people that it's not just as visible it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people are just dying and still you know there's a million people around and i'm curious to want to water it so i mean it's not necessarily it's you go to commits the public so you make all the pub said suddenly we're going to be afraid you're going to get a free here and we're going to be really strange registry and i think it's a marvelous action that would occur if the huge mess that feel like no one's doing any work immediately because it's kind of a feeling it's still be a kind of place. to go there. but i was just like a low young people that are much more interested in some of these issues but not

that complex and they're overwhelmed by all of this here is a moment where the radio hits them and we don't even get into the guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of eventually you're going to blow everybody up you you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists try to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the nuclear deterrent. probably. the largest and most effective nonviolent movement of the history and successful m m the united states was moving towards shore encrease. offensive nuclear capacity as

an it girl was forced to back down and fight the reagan administration was first to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs that's where the stormers comes from and we're not planning to attack anyone or interest but to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two there were one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true. more states were going. to significantly but there was some there is very clear.

political movement can change will. and displace the importance of nuclear proliferation they very much. are concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael. i just like to say that you and your speech is now serving the. right people to. make a. rights once i actually found out that it was on three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and stripping scripts which heartbeat and i washed its mark were very like to say to have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist disarmament educator producer and let's just keep going this different warm welcome for kathleen.

ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves in the activist involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats in the nuclear tests and they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to his three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used here steam and other such he all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness rush forward seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons inspire those countries that have nuclear weapons find a way to give them up and through life the security of non-nuclear means. but when

i say a mad rush for over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries that's sad why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment under glass is the same. we sometimes for for to work as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third world good at our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product and now drop down today. we used to be

leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were the leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because that's a number of measures later it is a neutral lots just like matthew that you signed on to which clearly named for paul c. the best policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of are historical commitment to peace and to serve the. ever. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they said the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the government's choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be

live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but in cuba treaties and international law are. made upon being with. russia or is that so much about the taxpayers' money lending ization

a lot of people are furious the documentary film that went viral on you tube about uganda's child soldiers and warlord joseph kony has engendered very strong.