the food source material is one hopes he journalism on us we. we wanted to visit. something else. nine thirty am in moscow the zero g. headlights fueling the fire un mediator struggled to get the warring sides in syria to negotiate london vows to keep cash flowing to the rebels in their fight against him as his dozens of u.s. allies expected you can make even more support for the opposition out of international conference sunday. the recent shooting rampage carried out by a french gunman in toulouse draws presidential candidates into fierce pre-election the rhetoric over extremism and immigration mohamed merah his actions are being

used by some far right candidates to attack france's immigration policy. spain's prime minister is set to announce a new wave of austerity measures a day after a nationwide strike led to violence between protesters and police cuts are aimed at saving the country tens of billions of euros. up next we on the rubble the pages of history in the soviet files with a special report about some of the late union's leaders stay with us. western siberia this secret munitions factory became public knowledge of the fall of the soviet union air special capsules known as the kremlin pill were made by hand exclusively for the top brass. the health of the leaders of the soviet union was always shrouded in secrecy. private doctors looking after them at a very risky job their very lives not just their careers were at stake.

lanie bresh head of the soviet union from one nine hundred sixty fourth one thousand nine hundred eighty two in one thousand seventy six russian and suffered clinical death. as the near an afterthought rosen's died on november tenth one thousand nine hundred eighty two from heart failure. during brush there's rain the term trend in medicine the quote special significance the average age of the politburo is members was around eighty the country's leaders constant medical attention that's why doctors went through a special procedure to be selected for work at the facility. but i had been under some form of surveillance my mom died back in nineteen forty six when i was born. when i was getting a jolt they even more to know the number of my mother's grave. in his later years

before brezhnev was due to appear in public doctors would give him strong drugs to help in focus even then he couldn't concentrate for more than ten minutes. of heart attacks and strokes certainly undermine his health about the top of a brazen f. was dependent on sleeping pills or got all of that together made him completely to crap an. integral vehicle with linnet precious personal mess the elderly general secretary was known to have patronized the woman at some point without doctors knowing she began supply brezhnev would launch amounts of sleeping pills the general secretary suffered from insomnia. i tried to press on him and psychologically when i was talking to lay in it so i would say you know you should get rid of the nurse nina everyone us tours but i think losing

a drop of. her influence on him was tremendous. eventually pressure never agreed to pray called his relationship with a nice to. make his parting with the notorious woman less painful he switched his attention to his favorite pastime hunting an expedition was arranged for him and the kremlin's medics into a small side really. really known as junior has a workshop that occupies an entire story in an old building in central moscow she has a libertarian the ground floor jr is a healer specializing in unconventional practices that require no physical contact with the patient. they can nobody else has the sort of characteristics that i have been examined to institutes of nuclear physics. radio and tronics and technology. thousands of people undergo treatment here each day according to gina lynn oppression of was one of our first clients and however his relatives flatly deny

her claim. once i received a call from a kremlin employee could you kill any british merely asked if i said i wasn't sure but am i trying. no one in the family is aware of that i would simply have been barred from his saying that some woman off the street was allowed to heal in a depression at his rubbish leaching. the kremlin shares were obliged to watch the health of liberation or one of them was bitter but. he recalls how chefs had to refuse brush with his favorite meal ministries cutlets to follow his doctor's recommendation. but. i remember the way tall tree was served in soviet times there would be enough for you all months now look different in those days the coat of arms could never be hidden it would serve as the basis of the so i dish of the main guard you because

of alms was a sacrifice symbol of those people were the chefs have to resort to all sorts of tricks to keep alcohol away from brezhnev it had a detrimental effect on his health the bottles that were placed on his table looked like they were filled with cognac but in fact they contained a drink made of rose had. the roots hit water had a different color to cognac they took some time for a lot of the way to resolve the problem with and we added lemon juice to it to disguise the difference will do some things but the transaction will put down on the table the most important thing was not to get them mixed up. version of could hardly rule the. treat during the last year before his death is health failed completely after a visit to tashkent authorities but how did together unless of workers going across factory to welcome him they looked on from scaffolding which suddenly collapsed fracturing his colon after best doctors kept

a watchful eye on his every step. of course there were special senses under the mess that was little more one direction of god help during the night he would step on the census with us alerting the man and usually usually go with a view of the body guards took some time to get to his bedroom because they were in a separate house would make of this but you never know were going to walk out at seven o'clock in the morning so i immediately called depression happy to see them when i said i have a sense there is something wrong with that impression if you stop talking nonsense he replied he's ok everything's normal but she called me back three hours later to say that precious died. the general secretary of the communist party was buried in front of the walls of the kremlin next to the lenin was a limb on red square. nearly

and only on the founder of the soviet union it was the head of state from nineteen seventeen until nineteen twenty four in may nineteenth twenty two he came seriously ill and was almost completely disabled until his death according to official accounts he died from now through sclerosis if serious or kind footage depicted linin as a cheerful man full of energy capable of working in this round the clock according to official soviet records then was uncovered tells us he took an abrupt turn for the worst of the term for his life by sussan funny clothes in motion a chain. this is how the episode was shown in the soviet film released in the one nine hundred thirty s. . cañon is still divided on whether or not a plan was to shoot at the turn of the assassination attempt on the site was sort

of poor she could hardly see people so it's the claim that lives health shockley deteriorated as a result of poison put it is also debatable. spent decades studying lenin's medical history. that there are plans to fill the bullets with a poison called corroborate which is incredibly potent that later hospitals used it as an anesthetic and that for the fact is that when the bullet leaves the barrel the poison becomes ineffective when a compound is immediately destroyed by very high temperatures. in one thousand and twenty two lennon moved into his residence nimmo sky. during the last months of his life he was always completely insane this picture was taken by his sister. it's in the official diagnosis of chronic disease that causes death were hidden from the public for many years. after thorn doctors came to examine

lennon they said in letters dated back to one nine hundred twenty two that he had syphilis a diagnosis was confirms in one nine hundred twenty four with lennon's death lennon's inner circle was aware of this but no one else was supposed to know and the post-mortem report was grossly falsified. joseph stalin jew gosh reading bloody murder lenin successor head of state from nineteen twenty four to one hundred fifty three to four deaths here coups doctors of deliberate malpractise when he suffered a stroke during the night and did not get up at the usual time for the associates did not have the courage to check on the power wise leader for on the day stellan died on march the fifteenth nineteen thirty three in a coma. joseph stalin did

a tour his twentieth century dictator has a reputation for being overly suspicious millions of people were subjected to political repression under his rule it was dominated by his previous. one of his residence was merely greets enough because it despite the fact it was high in the mountains it was surrounded by thousands of gods even here stone and dreaded the prospect of any attempts on his life sentence stalin always sat with his face turned to the windows in this way he wanted towards the situation all sides because he was afraid of attempts on his life the lamps on the walls of the rooms produced edema glow brands light skin headaches besides the curtains were trimmed so that she could satisfy himself that there was an outside was going to says and him. a motor boat which shuttled across lake greets a supply of his residence with mules he aboard the smell of cooking. if this this is one of three bedrooms of joseph stalin and all three look quite alike this is

because during the night stalin might go to another room to make sure that the wishing new way he was at any particular moment. for his life. towards the end of his life is still in suspect that his daughter is a spy a. few dozen medics were arrested under his personal orders they were brought to the security ministry where they were forced to say that they had deliberately meted out incorrect diagnosis for soviet leaders to. argue the case. against the doctors treated a vehement propaganda campaign. in the press and on the radio and television. things went so far that many patients turned surgery for conditions that required treatment for. the cream of the supreme soviet of the us a saw dr levy a few mushroom has been awarded the order of lenin for her assistance from the

government in unmasking killer dr. in one hundred forty eight heart specialist lydia to michoud sent a letter to the kremlin saying she disagreed with the way doctors to treat issue donald a high ranking service official but the criminal nor the letter however four years later it was found in archives by that time stalin was already obsessed he thought physicians were trying to harm him to michigan now provided the basis of a criminal case stone and couldn't see the case through however as he died on march the fifth nine hundred fifty three. i have no doubt but of stalin have lived long enough those doctors would have been executed in light of reports exposing the group of saboteur doctors with even stalin's death came off as a bad joke you know many people would say in whispers. it's been healed to death she. started his close associates degree to use the doctor's case

before the body of what had been hailed as the leader of all nations was even placed in the news and in the red square stonings personality cult was later denounced by his successor nikita khrushchev. plays a stalin was very close to the muzzle in libya tunisia was stripped of the order of lenin and the alleged saboteur doctors were released from prison they were even allowed to resume their work at the kremlin. culture is that so much a given to each musician has the power by that remark to have serious divides as a peace plan for syria gains international support worries remain it is only a lull before the civil war in the country.

as a bar or treat in tomsk siberia here so-called kremlin pills are made this particular drug is unique it contains no chemicals and doesn't dissolve in stomach acid rather it is a small electronic device called the chip inside is two by two millimeters with a thousand transistors super microelectronics in those days and the criminal pill is slightly larger than the pain once it is in the body and starts generating impulses emulating the rhythms of a young healthy body. after the breakup of the soviet union pharmacies began sending kremlin pills and the voice was hailed as the cure of the future and in the

beginning sales skyrocketed somebody had recommended it to me i felt that if the use of in the kremlin might help my mother so i bought it dimitris mother has just gone through complicated abdominal surgery which is all stock has for permission to use the kremlin pill but will it work. fairly what a group of your members live to a very old age their lifespan was about ninety years whereas ordinary people lived until fifty or sixty on average worldly wisdom put their longevity down some special medicines including the kremlin pill. here in group general secretary of the communist party of the soviet union central committee one thousand nine hundred ninety four diagnosis progress a reason for your requiring kidney dialysis he died on further in the ninth one thousand nine hundred eighty four. dockery again each as old as cured many put it

bureau members and was on friendly terms with and for a long time he knew better than anyone else and on top of was unfit to rule the country however his opinion and that of other kremlin doctors was not heeded. deal i did all i could. i supported him drop off for eighteen years why do you think. i think he'd still been alive and in charge. i mean one thousand nine percent sure of the soviet union would never have collapsed serials. at the time he was appointed and group of look different from the other members of the politburo it was younger more energetic and had a high i.q. is what sugar was filled with meetings but those closest to him knew that every day doctors used to connect and report to a kidney dialysis machine. but it was a cumbersome piece of equipment you know talk to colleagues were working on

a miniature machine the size of a briefcase. they did create something of that car into it. and regrettably it was too late for them to put its to use. after the collapse of the soviet union the newspaper proved to blame dr charles ofen of the crimean doctors for the space of soviet leaders deaths. when they are a prison gate. it can only be surprising how many fatal contingencies the last soviet leaders had to collide with it would be interesting to know from their kind of mission chance of the rather good health worsening of the soviet leaders could be a result of an outrageous incompetence of doctors or an furley plan subversive back which was accurately calculated won't be pared and fulfilled by the so-called qualified doctors can still go here but i took the newspaper and came to

a meeting of academics. where i said to call it school i have to tell you you know that twelve of you sitting here you probably are going to be subject to prosecution. in my piece after they heard. they decided to write an official letter to proctor newspaper it said you're making a second case against oxalis. was so intimidating. that they decided to publish it. end of the u.s.s.r. from nineteen fifty three to nineteen sixty four no chronic diseases really affected in him during his stint in office the only solution leader removed from power for what was officially described as health reasons died at the age of seventy seven seven years after his resignation. according to his contemporaries

crucial for was healthier than any of the soviet leader unlike prison if he didn't care much for ready made scripts to be speeches and instead often improvised a doctor did accompany him during his international visits but only to be on the safe side the job was to keep crucial medical assistance of a special kind the fact is that he was the calmest the politicians the only other person. there in the medical profession and he was thirty young lady a throat specialist but that had nothing to do with the permanent state of his health it was simply because he talked too much and too loudly. if affected his roco chords so what he had to do with the gear influences spray some some stuff inside his growth. during his last year at the helm of the soviet union seventy year old crucial spend more than one hundred thirty days travelling inside and

outside the country in october nineteenth sixty fourth he decided to go on vacation in the cozy. the trillion plus was brewing in moscow that culminated in crucial to being removed from office as soon as he returned the official reason be his advanced age which i fully agree with because he was then over seventy at the second reason was and increase in ill health. now i'd say even before. event in question and i knew perfectly well that he was an excellent state . the last general secretary be communist party nineteen eighty five nineteen ninety one came to power the age of fifty four the only surviving leader from the soviet era. the central committee of the communist party to. mikhail gorbachev as general secretary.

because gorbachev was an accident much nine hundred eighty five a wind of change was in the end of the strike it was announced in the country like nikita khrushchev. but the people with the franken straightforward manner he was far more refined and civilized. gets closer to be. close enough. which often appeared in public together with his wife a practice previously unseen among other service leaders. was active in the nation's public life in soviet times many people resent it to have it they blame the country's first lady to sway decisions. brace ago virtually died of leukemia in september one thousand nine hundred ninety before passing away she said that forming victims of the severe illness and dying would be the only way to get people

to understand her this time the kremlin medicine was hopeless. but i am missing a friend and i have lost during his hard struggle my beloved wife has been that's what is lacking in my life i always remember that. wars yields president of russia nineteen ninety one nineteen ninety nine suffered from heart disease eight years after his resignation he died of progressive cardiovascular and multiple organ failure in april two thousand sat. in the early nine hundred ninety s. and then he saw yeltsin as a hero in august one thousand nine hundred one he stood at the head of a movement of resistance to places he wanted to preserve the soviet regime great energy and resolution. before long however rumors creeping around moscow were claiming that sharing

a banquet table with yeltsin was full with unpredictable consequences. and that when they were. when they began pouring cognac into these glasses yeltsin the room is still turned around and filled with those who were secret chip yet there was a side table filled with tumble as those girls told us. yeltsin used to drink tea out of a glass like this. then the old soon reached out for six tumblers and placed them on the table and all the way to trial from off the grid stuck on the thought of what you. were going to drink from these he declared because. when yeltsin was a young man he was an enthusiastic and skillful schools will this help his career in the communist party in the year olds here he was reputed to be

a no nonsense tough administration knew but he would have a dead political of reason right. after he moved to moscow to take the post of president quite a few people among his associates were noted for weird practices one of them yuri manin was a professional psychic. said it was possible to improve ratings some upside is that they would be beyond the reach of opponents give me forty five minutes of any mainstream he states handles and the certain candidate would be elected and this is called the management of the collective mind the management of the audience. of the nine hundred ninety six elections president yeltsin was going out of his way to demonstrate that he was physically fit from the term of office he was indeed elected for a second stint but he paid a price for his exertions. urgently needed hope bypass surgery it was decided that the complex operation would be performed in russia it lasted several hours cardiac

surgeon or network sure and was in charge of the team of doctors. everyone for the yeltsin would not survive that operation. because of all the stress the contraction function of his heart was a ruin. the only person who said there was a chance of success it was me. and i said that we should prepare him for the surgery. after the operation and stayed at the helm of the nation for nearly four more years he resigned on the last day of the twentieth century. i am leaving and i did what i could yeah. i want to ask for your forgiveness. as far as i can remember this is the one and only cases where a head of state complete power decided by himself to leave. it was

a sign of great courage. the yeltsin era has already receded into history many myths about kremlin medicine a gradually fading sales of the miracle kremlin pill have almost fizzled out despite being described as a cure all. dimitri the young man who bought the soviet device for his mother only found out a short time ago that it had nothing to do with the kremlin at all it was just a bogus promotional campaign soon after the fall of the soviet union of course i was somewhat surprised because there was a legend attached to the pill when you first hear about it but immediately attraction is its name or what. seems like a pill and afterwards you live for two hundred years. and that's just nonsense i don't believe the rubbish. stringent selection procedure is

a still applied to doctors wishing to join the system of medical care provided for the country's top most officials it is an established fact that the kremlin's inhabitants no longer tend to healers or clairvoyance however they do to keep fit and how the kremlin's doctors protect them from ill health is still a state secret. i'm .