well that reminder of the top stories here in our teens the british prime minister powers a hand was these arms sales pitch in asia opening up the u.k.'s war arsenal to the nation surrounding china. first till a chance of a truce says the special envoy to syria while u.s. congress hawks cozy up with syrian rebels and step up calls to supply them with arms. lots of critics say spanish plans for a vegas style gambling and prior to make money and jobs that actually end up losing the sex industry or an economy. that's the headline here i'll be back at the top of

the hour the meantime will bring you as promised our special report. but so who will go first you first know you only five out of twenty are still alive. five participants of one of the most secret and ambitious missions of the soviet union leaders knew about him in moscow they dared to do all kinds of experiments testing the limits of human insurance. every one of them wanted to be the first. they were all ready to risk their lives. they were the first cosmonauts one of these men were chosen to prepare for the first ever human space flight every year the five remaining members of the group gathered together on the first day of the first cosmonaut in his native city but now bears his name.

alexei moment shook was an engineer and a helicopter pilot just eighteen months ago now he was a candidate to become a cosmonaut. frankly speaking i never thought i was suitable for becoming a cosmonaut but after a little training i saw they were human beings just like anybody else. stop sending it to. the simulators are constructed especially for the cosmonauts they have no electronics or digital technology involved cosmonauts said the speed at which their own movement this is about the only way to keep muscles toned in a weight loss environment future cosmonaut alexei exercises three times a week but for those from the first squad this kind of training would be considered a walk in the park. her mother the go first squad hunters or too many physical exercises but the most because people did not know from what a stunt

a she was. here they are the men from the very. first top secret soviet squad of cosmonauts there's video footage was for exclusive internal use only nobody was supposed to know anything about their mission not even their family or friends all twenty men were finally approved less than a year before one of them flew into orbit they were selected from thousands of the best flight schools across the country all of them were flying aces under the age of thirty five with impeccable profiles and in perfect health. if you had fillings and so on out of thirty two teeth or had some little articles or dental caries that was enough to completely rule you out of the running for with uppers as . eight months until lift off time was running out the united states was also preparing its own first human spaceflight the soviet presidium secretly ordered

that a soviet man must be the first one to fly into space at any cost as the physical tests on the first cosmonaut squad increased so did the mental stress there was not a single minute of downtime for the men they endured tests and medical examinations followed by flights to the maximum heights possible and parachute training all on top of their daily exercise this footage shows the first squad taking a rare day off in the moscow region but before it ended one of the twenty squad members had wrecked his chances of flying into orbit. we had just arrived when that hot head didn't look before he tried to leap into the water war though he ended up with a broken cervical vertebra and spent several months in hospital after that he was discharged from judy. valentino vote alarm off was the

first one to drop out from the cosmonaut squad for medical reasons. alexy common chilcot is undergoing centrifuge training they are judging if you can bear the extreme forces of gravity during takeoff. during will because we're not must not only keep conscious but also be able to distinguish and remember letters and symbols after the ordeal the amount of force inside a centrifuge is measured in g an average person can sustain it no more than five g. in other words five times the force of gravity for today's cosmonauts the highest as they go is e.g. but the first squad was put through the absolute maximum of twelve g. . twelve g. was very scary they spun us in a centrifuge captured from germany after the second world war it was the only one we have in addition it was an open centrifuge and it was cracked all over by nine

g. it was creaking and when it hit twelve g. i didn't care about the force anymore i was more concerned about whether it would fly off everything was applied to collapse. as well but the real skill of. yuri gagarin was in superbe physical shape but even those tests were torture for him as the speed in the centrifuge grows it becomes harder to breathe and the head feels heavy as if it is filled with lead. or they did that they carried out a research on how long a person can stand they just did it out on me the direction of the force from step to told us go a bit foggy for thirty seconds then at sixty four thirty seconds at seventy four thirty seconds. that age she i began to blackout and went almost blind after just thirty seconds i had completely passed out.

the cosmonauts underwent hundreds of thousands of tests on various machines as it turned out later the only thing they did was harm their health. in great number of doctorates weekly appeared to carry out serious scientific experiments on human shields. but over that we were guinea pigs that's what they called us to tell the truth so there were. seven months until liftoff. six men were selected out of the remaining nineteen the rest were supposed to act as backup but they continued the preparations without any breaks one of the six could have been replaced at any time it was joked that all of them would fly into space in a couple of years and that more people would be needed because space ships would be more tray seated. on a trolley car to shore was among the top six cosmonauts it was considered one of

the strongest in the team and it only could easily enjoy twelve g.'s time and again but his medical results proved otherwise. than as any blood vessels on his back could burst in and that means if those on his back burst they could burst in the brain and this can be deadly there more he was dismissed from the cosmonauts and continued working as a pilot's. because the show was replaced by a really good you know you will of it was he who was bold enough to say what many were afraid to at a reception held by the commander of the air force. and from the new gregory mill you both stood up and said comrie chief marshal we have an impression that they do

not prepare us for space flights but rather test what we can survive. the commander appointed a responsible person and said that they had selected stroh's people from three thousand pilots not for one single flights and that they would sneak them in the future these. he ordered a review of the training program to be less of a strain on their health. here you can see the meat of space exploration the youngest and the strongest man. their occupation was top secret. and we asked people if they could recognize any of them in the picture and they could not eat everything about them with classify it.

this is a museum in the city of good baron devoted to the first space flight the famous cosmonauts home city here you can see the training simulators the first squad actually used this rotating chair test to yuri gagarin himself a unique exhibit finally appeared in the museum's collection in two thousand and eleven. you can see the low pressure chamber in which you regard him also underwent a test. as there was an accident in this very isolation chamber. what happened in this chamber was kept secret for a long time an isolation chamber is a special airtight soundproof room in which low pressure conditions are created a cosmonaut would be left here all alone for ten to fifteen days only the essentials were inside the room food water and a cooking stove communication was one way the cosmonaut was to report regularly on

his condition to take readings of his organs with the help of sensors talking to the cosmonaut was forbidden lab assistants could only monitor him through a small window but on one fateful day when the cosmonaut urgently needed help none of the researchers was close by. well i'm i'm very i'm to new balance in one very ample was going to take any she sort of went into this one house to put on a special account of what sensors he needed for this it is necessary to rub the skin with alcohol drunk sure good contact with the sensors it will cut off it but i mean the world at the time there was a cooking stove beside him. and we knew it was going to cook himself a meal and a piece of cotton wool dipped in alcohol fell down on to the heated stove there was a higher oxygen content inside the chamber than

a normal sort of cotton wool caught fire instantly. those on jussi were meant to be watching him through the window so if anything were to happen they were to open the door in the chip triggered christie but they noticed it too late. for them. when they managed to pull him out his whole body was burned only his perms were intact more than seventy five percent of his skin would have been scorched. when he was stricken out of the chamber he said steps he was the only one to blame rather than anybody else. valentino one valiant god died in hospital several hours later he was not even among the top six team was part of the back up team and was supposed to fill in for one of the favorites should anything happen among the other cosmonauts valentino

was the youngest he was only twenty four. at the time even the death of the cars meant i could not put a holes to the program and. there were only three weeks before liftoff. wealthy british style. markets why not. find out what's really happening to the global economy because the reports on are. there hasn't been anything yet on t.v. . it is to get the maximum political impact. before the source material is he journalism honest we.

we wanted to present. something. three weeks until liftoff six men were still preparing for the flight we thought. we were unaware of who would be the first one until the very last moment of self but a call i know i read your legal guardian should be the one. president others said that you want to should go to get a month's golf. and then marse rafi carter said that he had to be the first to fly because his first name was the same rame as a planet a beer or a mortal no. martha. sister but when the six men were taken to the hangar where the first stock spacecraft was being

prepared chief rocket designer surrogate khojaly asked who would like to get inside to see the. good you are in could doubts the feed it. before getting in the guarin took off his shoes and only then got inside. khalili off used to say that was when guarin stood out from the crowd and got along with origin worth one week until lift off the names of the first three candidates for the space flight were finally announced. syria would turn and here you go there in the. siniora will turn on your monthly golf. and captain during a new book. the goal of the three men was to survive in extreme conditions they were put through an emergency landing in had to endure freezing

cold temperatures as minus twenty degrees celsius in a forest they would have to wait for two days before rescue arrived a basic survival kit was on board an axe a stock of food and first aid supplies there was a good reason for testing the cosmonauts and in this way. after the emergency landing of was called to space craft a nine hundred sixty five cosmonauts carvel of those yeah and alexey leonov also had to wait for two days for rescue weekend after the flight they found it difficult to move from. this group of weary of the first night we slept in the space ship on the second day the rescuers foreigners and they built us a small wooden hut we one washed ourselves cracking all the locals brought a huge cauldron we heated the snow and power and i were sitting in this conference like two devils. correct. after the incident they decided at the center that all

cosmonauts should acquire the skills necessary for surviving in extreme conditions . for days until lift off. the land of the state commission recommends for the first person to fly into space should be senior lieutenant yuri gagarin we're here. get him killed off was named back a pilot log liguori know your wife was in third place. of the three cosmonauts he saw neither glory nor honors know your wife was the only one never to perform a space flight his name was almost completely erased from the history of space exploration. no new. he was arrogant. i remember how without having flown into space he behaved as if he had done so.

in april nine hundred sixty two you know your golf was expelled along with iran and the k over involved in the philosophy of from the first cosmonaut squad for breaching discipline and this idiot they were sitting in a cafe drinking beer despite the fact that they were wearing uniform patrol officers came by and asked them to leave because it was against regulations and grigori started saying something like do you know who i am do you have any idea of what i can do to you of course the head of the patrol did not hesitate to detain them. the growth of the squad gathered together to vote on the matter of their expulsion gory violence in advance comforted in a proper manner and they also raised their hands and it was nearly so three days later they were no longer they are all three of them were sent to different military units or inscriptions to know you both together with his wife were sent the farthest to the far east at least picture was taken when grigori was in the.

i am not in this picture from a newspaper. you his face is blurred out. when grigori looked at it she told me this. i have been deleted. i am no more. three years later regarding you know you both died he was hit by a train but the wife of cars were not number three is certain that her husband committed suicide her main evidence is a note which says zenaida you have always been the best it is not easy to find a woman like you i am sorry the night of believes that her husband could not accept the fact that he had been dismissed from the cosmonaut squad so he chose

a different path to the heavens. with god's help today aleksei has as first training session in so-called open space journey ventilation are you comfortable the water is as close to the weightlessness of space as the cosmos can get on earth a spacecraft compartment is put into a pool this simulator is for cosmonauts to learn how to repair a spacecraft and conduct research outside the capsule. would work. alexei cannot move independently underwater his spacesuit weighs two hundred kilos in open space the cars minard can count only on himself the need for such training became evident already after alexei leonore's first ever spacewalk.

in march one thousand nine hundred sixty three. looking at these shots it is hard to believe that alexei early on of his struggling to save his life in malfunction in his spacesuit made it difficult to reenter the capsule staying outside it was a risk as there was only enough reserve air in the soup for thirty minutes reducing pressure was also dangerous as it could cause his blood to boil which could lead to paralysis or even death to get back into the spaceship he had to take a gamble. got to fall from your sewer but still don't understand how i did it but it cost me so much anarchy that i felt that i was losing strength on my talents to get inside with my feet first failed so i could my head inside the airlock ripped it with my hands and started moving chad first but i realized i wouldn't be able to get inside like the go a war hero. alexei harmon chalk has also faced some problems today the future

cosmonaut not only has to forget about the discomfort inside the suit but also to quickly focus on his work to avoid mistakes while repairing be out a sheet he must learn to do the simplest operations instinctively to avoid problems in space your legs say you won't be able to stick it there. sorry for being slow. and. if alexi home ensure successfully passes his exams in general space training he will be enrolled in two cosmonauts squad number fifteen but nobody knows how long he may have to wait for his first flight according to the statistics provided by the russian training center little more than half of the cosmonauts who finish the program eventually go into space.

yuri gagarin became the first and most famous cause menards on the squad at that moment the only one. in fact all the other yet unknown cosmonauts of the star squad were also present there in the crowd welcoming can guarantee they were wearing civilian clothes for security reasons. he used to tell us that we would have to retire in a couple of years but it so happened that i flew only after eight years cast in fact i was the twenty first to fly even though the first scores consisted of twenty men but they were constantly replacing one cosmonaut with another but for instance after garron came the first woman in space valentino terrace color. when the moon program i was preparing for was cancelled out of it i was appointed as the space ship commander officer use eleven but eleven hours before the launch my crew was

replaced willing to fly to the station and a whole crew of so used to leaven died in an accident on the then the second mission was counseled the third mission was cancelled. ten years of continuous training for flight just said. but who knows the budget well you're. waiting for their hour of triumph was a serious psychological challenge many had to wait for years cosmonaut dimitri is a can was a lifelong backup kuzma not a promised him that he would fly soon but after a regular medical examination he was told that he had an officer according to the decree cosmonauts one cannot fly to space within a certain even though you can recover from it in spite of everything dimitri is eighteen has no regrets in the squad he met his wife to yana who worked as a nurse and became the light of his life they have their own personal history of

flight and space exploration and the period she came to work for the squad right before him was going to leave for the lord which. both ala were aboard that was when i saw my chance climb. with the this is the at the rally after guards flight in one employee told me that the reason young men over there she's got dark glasses on so many things that no one can see who he's looking at it with you never took his eyes over here at this. dimitri until she and i have been together for more than fifty years and they have two sons and four grandchildren. today anyone who dreams about the stars can fulfill his or her ambition.

the father and mother of this family are both cosmonauts markets iraq was selected for duty first he immediately decided to become a cosmonaut when he found out that nowadays it is not necessary to be a military pilot all one needs is a higher technical education and good health. when i was going through the enrollment process later wanted to take part two. i wasn't included in the same group as knock i had just given birth when her daughter was three years old a year finally passed of the entrance exam today she is the only woman among all the active cosmonauts though mark entered the service before leanna her first flight is scheduled for two thousand and fourteen today cosmonauts have to spend about seven years training but they are no longer plagued with torturous exercises they learn only what they will really need for spaceflight and it is all thanks to

the first team of cosmonauts we enjoyed of the impossible to pave the way to the stars for future generations. from.

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