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a permanent literal days within the next decade before turning their gaze to mars. as they have eyes here in the up next our special report of the first cosmos who train for space flight along with you regarding the stay tuned to find out what they had to endure and how life played out for them afterwards. so who will go first you first know you think only five out of twenty are still alive. five participants of one of the most secret and ambitious missions of the soviet union leaders could have an idea in moscow they dared to do all kinds of experiments testing the limits of human endurance. every one of them wanted to be the first. they were all ready to risk their lives. they were the first cosmonauts one of these men were chosen to prepare for the

first ever human space flight every year the five remaining members of the group gathered together on the birthday of the first cosmonaut in his native city that now bears his name. alexei allman chuck was an engineer and a helicopter pilot just eighteen months ago now he was a candidate to become a cosmonaut frankly speaking i never thought i was suitable for becoming a cosmonaut but after a little training i saw they were human beings just like anybody else. if you stop spending it with us. the simulators are constructed especially for the cosmonauts they have no electronics or digital technology involved cosmonauts set the speed with their own movement this is about the only way to keep muscles toned in a weight loss environment future cosmonaut alexei exercises three times a week but for those from the first squad this kind of training would be considered

a walk in the park. her mother had to go first because hunters are too many physical exercises at the most because people did not know from what a stunt that she would. here they are the men from the very first top secret soviet squad of cosmonauts there's video footage was for exclusive internal use only nobody was supposed to know anything about their mission not even their family or friends all twenty men were finally approved less than a year before one of them flew into orbit they were selected from thousands of the best flight schools across the country all of them were flying aces under the age of thirty five with impeccable profiles and in perfect health. yesterday filling us in so when out of thirty two years he were hits a little sparse because of a gentle carries that was enough to completely rule you out of the running or with

uppers as. eight months until lift off time was running out the united states was also preparing its own first human spaceflight the soviet presidium secretly ordered that a soviet man must be the first one to fly into space at any cost as the physical tests on the first cosmonaut squad increased so did the mental stress there was not a single minute of downtime for the men they endured tests and medical examinations followed by flights to the maximum heights possible and parachute training on top of their daily exercise. this footage shows the first squad taking a rare day off in the moscow region but before it ended one of the twenty squad members had wrecked his chances of flying into a little bit of war. we had just arrived when that hot heads didn't look before he tried to leap into the water war though he ended up with a broken cervical vertebra and spent several months in hospital after that he was

discharged from duty. valentino varlamov was the first one to drop out from the cosmonaut squad for medical reasons. alexy common chilcot is undergoing centrifuge training they are judging if he can bear the extreme forces of gravity during takeoff. during will change because we're not must not only keep conscious but also be able to distinguish and remember letters and symbols after the ordeal the amount of force inside a centrifuge is measured in g. an average person can sustain it no more than five g. in other words five times the force of gravity for today's cosmonauts the highest as they go is e.g. but the first squad was put through the absolute maximum of twelve g. . twelve g.

was very scary they spun us in a centrifuge captured from germany after the second world war it was the only one we han't in addition it was an open centrifuge and it was cracked all over by mangy it was creaking and when it hit twelve g. i didn't care about the force anymore it was more concerned about whether would fly off if ever there was a budget collapse. report that is gurlitz here. yuri gagarin was in superbe physical shape but even those tests were torture for him as the speed in the centrifuge rolls it becomes harder to breach the head feels heavy as if it is filled with lead. audited that they carried out the research on how long a person can stand they just did it out on me yet the direction of the force from head to pelvis go a bit foggy for thirty seconds then at sixty for thirty seconds at seventy four

thirty seconds. at age she i began to blackout and went almost blind after just thirty seconds i had completely passed out. the cosmonauts underwent hundreds of thousands of tests on various machines as it turned out later the only thing they did was harm their health. degree number of doctors weakly appeared to carry out serious scientific experiments on human beings. but we were guinea pigs that's what they called us to tell the truth so there were. seven months until liftoff. six men were selected out of the remaining nineteen the rest were supposed to act as backup but they continued the preparations without any breaks one of the six could have been replaced at any time it was joked that all of them

would fly into space in a couple of years and that more people would be needed because space ships would be more tray seated. until we come to shore was among the top six cosmonauts he was considered one of the strongest in the team and it only could easily endure twelve g.'s time and again but his medical results proved otherwise. than as any blood vessels on his back could burst in a way that means if those on his back first they could burst in the brain this could be deadly he was dismissed from the cosmonauts and continued working as a pilot's. because the show over was replaced by a really good he no you wall of it was he who was bold enough to say what many were

afraid to at a reception held by the commander of the air force. and from the noble gregory near you wolf stood up and said comrie chief marshal we have an impression that they do not prepare us for space flight but shrug the chest what we can survive. the commander appointed a responsible person and said slips they have selected stows people from three thousand pilots not for one single flight and that they would need them in the the future. he ordered a review of the training program to be less of a strain on their health. here you can see the meter of space exploration the youngest in the strongest man.

theory occupation was top secret. and we asked people if they could recognize any of them in the picture and they could not eat everything about them with classify it. this is a museum in the city of good air and devoted to the first spaceflight the famous cosmonauts home city here you can see the training simulators the first squad actually used this rotating chair test all your good care and himself a unique exhibit finally appeared in the museum's collection in two thousand and eleven. you can see the low pressure chamber in which you regarding also underwent a test. there was an accident in this very isolation chamber. what happened in this chamber was kept secret for a long time an isolation chamber is a special airtight soundproof room in which low pressure conditions are created

a cosmonaut would be left here all alone for ten to fifteen days only the essentials were inside the room food water and a cooking stove communication was one way the cosmonaut was to report regularly on his condition to take readings of his organs with the help of sensors and talking to the cosmonaut it was forbidden lab assistants could only monitor him through a small window but on one fateful day when the cosmonaut urgently needed help none of the researchers was close by. well i'm i'm very i'm to sneer valentyn bhandari and co was going to take any sort of and to do this one has to put on a special account what sensors. for these it is necessary to rub his skin with alcohol john sure good contact with the sensors it will. but the materials at the time there was a cooking still beside him. you know it was going to cook himself

a meal and a piece of cotton wool dipped in alcohol fell down on to the heated stove there was a higher oxygen content inside the chamber the normal sort of cotton wool caught fire instantly. those on jews were meant to be watching him through the window so if anything were to happen they were to open the door in the chytrid kristie but they noticed it too late. for them. when they managed to pull him out his whole body was burned and only his perms were intact more than seventy five percent of his skin which had been scorched. when he was stricken after the chamber he said steps he was the only one to blame rather than anybody else. valentino one value died

in hospital several hours later he was not even among the top six valentini was part of the back up team and was supposed to fill in for one of the favorites should anything happen among the other cosmonauts valentino was the youngest he was only twenty four. at the time even the death of the cause menard could not put a halt to the program. there were only three weeks before liftoff. you know sometimes you see a story and it seems so you think you understand it and then you glimpse something else you hear or see some other part of it and realized everything you thought you knew you don't i'm sorry welcome to the big picture.

the swiss the plant that was responsible for causing the world's worst industrial disaster and now it had been abandoned in a condition where it had become a source of pollution or the most recent study that was done shows that this water pollution and spreading. will continue to be in the more than hundred thousand people think on equally in. groups working in the kitchen and see that children today are ten times more likely to be born it busted banks and children in the rest of the action. in the scene as little as five hundred dollars for lifelong injuries. and the unpunished.

three weeks until liftoff six men were still preparing for the flight we thought. we were unaware of who would be the first one until the very last moment because of what's going on i agreed yuri gagarin should be the one. and others said that the ornery should go to get a month's doth order. and then mars rafique arthur said that he would have to be the first to fly because his first name was the same name as a planet hero or a mortal. martha. or the sister of but when the six men were taken to the hangar where the first stock spacecraft was being prepared chief rocket designer surrogate color of your asked who would like to get

inside to see the. garden quite out of the tedious. before getting in the good guarin took off his shoes and only then got inside. kelly off used to say that was when guarin stood out from the crowd and got along. with one week until it doth the names of the first three candidates for the space flight were finally announced. syria would turn in fury got there and. they didn't siniora would turn and get mounted off. and kept on going gori nubile. the goal of the three men was to survive in extreme conditions they were put through an emergency landing in had to endure freezing cold temperatures as minus twenty degrees celsius in a forest they would have to wait for two days before rescue arrived

a basic survival kit was on board an axe a stock of food and first aid supplies there was a good reason for testing the cosmonauts and in this way. after the emergency landing of the was called to space craft a nine hundred sixty five cosmonauts carvell of the area and alexey leonov also had to wait for two days for rescue weekend after the flight they found it difficult to move. for the first night we slept in this place should new come on the second day the rescuers found us and they built us a small wooden hut we one washed our selves crack you're all that was the locals brought a huge cauldron. we heated the snow and pollen i were sitting in this condron like two devils. cracked. after the incident they decided at the center that all cosmonauts should acquire the skills necessary for surviving in extreme conditions

. four days until lift off. the land of the state commission recommends for the first person to fly into space should be senior lieutenant yuri gagarin we're only here. gillum get off was named back a pilot log liguori know you both was in third place of the three cosmonauts he saw me there glory nor honors know you both was the only one never to perform a space flight his name was almost completely erased from the history of space exploration. he was arrogant. i remember how without having flown into space he behaved as if he had done so. in april nine hundred sixty two you know your golf was expelled along with iran i think a over involved in the philosophy of from the first cosmonaut squad for breaching

discipline and insignia they were sitting in a cafe drinking beer despite the fact that they were wearing uniform patrol officers came by and asked them to leave because it was against regulations for the record he started saying something like do you know who i am do you have any idea of what i can do to you or the head of the patrol did not hesitate to detain them. for growth of the sward together together to vote on the matter of their expulsion was a gory violence in and of on how to do in a proper manner and they also raised their hands and it was nearly all crystal three days later they were no longer there all three of them were sent to different military units or inscriptions to know you both together with his wife were sent the farthest to the far east at least picture was taken when grigori was in the team. there but in this picture from

a newspaper. you she's face is blurred out. when grigori looked at it and she told him this. i have been deleted here i am no more. three years later the gorey know you both died he was hit by a train but the wife of cars minot number three is certain that her husband committed suicide her main evidence is a note which says. you have always been the best it is not easy to find a woman like you i am sorry the night of believes that her husband could not accept the fact that he had been dismissed from the cosmonaut squad so he chose a different path of the heavens. with god's help today

aleksei has a first training session in so-called open space journey ventilation are you comfortable that water is as close to the weightlessness of space as the cause of an ounce can get on earth a spacecraft compartment is put into a pool this simulator is for cosmonauts to learn how to repair a spacecraft and conduct research outside the capsule. to look. alexei cannot move independently underwater his spacesuit weighs two hundred kilos in open space the cars minard can count only on himself the need for such training became evident already after a lesson leonore's first ever spacewalk. in march one thousand nine hundred sixty three. looking at these shots it is hard to believe that alexei early on all this struggling to save his life in malfunction in his spacesuit made it difficult

to reenter the capsule staying outside it was a risk as there was only enough reserve air in the soup for thirty minutes reducing pressure was also dangerous as it could cause his blood to boil which could lead it to broil as his or even death to get back into the space ship he had to take a gamble. to for sea would by still don't understand how i did it but it cost me so much an issue that i felt that i was losing strength on my attempts to get inside with my feet first failed so i put my hand inside the airlock ripped it with my hands and started moving chad first but i realized i wouldn't be able to get inside like the earth will go away. alexei hamann sure has also faced some problems today the future cosmonaut not only has to forget about the discomfort inside the suit but also to quickly focus on his work to avoid

mistakes while repairing be out a sheet he must learn to do the simplest operations instinctively to avoid problems in space your alexei he won't be able to stick it there. sorry for being slow. the title of the. alexy home in chalk successfully passes his exams in general space training he will be enrolled into cosmonaut squad number fifteen but nobody knows how long he may have to wait for his first flight according to the statistics provided by the russian training center little more than half of the cosmonauts who finish the program eventually go into space. yuri gagarin became the first and most famous cousin and author of the squad at

that moment the only one. in fact all the other yet unknown cosmonauts of the star squad were also present there in the crowd welcoming the gerund they were wearing civilian clothes for security reasons. in gaza they used to tell us that we would have to retire in a couple of years but it so happened that i flew only after eight years past in fact i was the twenty first to fly even though the first scored consisted of twenty men but they were constantly replacing one cosmonaut with another but for instance after guerin came the first woman in space valentino tedesco for the. when the moon program i was preparing for was cancelled that i was appointed at the space ship commander officer hughes eleven but eleven hours before the launch my crew was replaced willing to fly to the station and the whole crew of so use eleven died in

an accident or a stunt the then the second mission was counseled the third mission was cancelled. ten years of continuous training for flights. but who knows the budget. waiting for their hour of triumph was a serious psychological challenge many had to wait for years cosmonaut dimitri is a was a lifelong backup cosmonaut they promised him that he would fly soon but after a regular medical examination he was told that he had an author according to the decree on cosmonauts one cannot fly to space with a certain even though you can recover from it in spite of everything dimitri is eighteen has no regrets in the squad he met his wife tatiana who worked as a nurse and became the light of his life they have their own personal history of flight and space exploration and that period she came to work for the squad right

before daryn was going to leave for the lord. post ala. that was where i saw mari chan chi. but the this is the at the rally after garland's flight in one employee told me that there is a young man over there she's got dark glasses on so he thinks that no one can see who he is looking at it as you never took his eyes over you at that. dimitri until she and i have been together for more than fifty years and they have two sons and four grandchildren. today anyone who dreams about the stars can fulfill his or her ambition. the father and mother of this family are both cosmonauts markets iraq was selected

for duty first he immediately decided to become a cosmonaut when he found out that nowadays it is not necessary to be a military pilot all one needs is a higher technical education and good health. when i was going through the enrollment process a later one of the take part two. i wasn't included in the same group as not i had just given birth when her daughter was three years old a year not finally passed to the entrance exam today she is the only woman among all the active cosmonauts though mark entered the service before the end of her first flight is scheduled for two thousand and fourteen today cosmonauts have to spend about seven years training but they are no longer plagued with torturous exercises they learn only what they will really need for spaceflight and it is all thanks to the first team of cosmonauts we enjoyed of the impossible to pave the way

to the stars for future generations.