question our team from moscow have gone through reports of fresh shelling in syria as u.n. observers are set to enter the war torn country it follows the un security council first revolution on the conflict for two miles from servers into oversee the shaky truce that came into force on thursday. a series of explosions gunfire and rocket it's now afghan capital with foreign embassies and nato bases being the focus of our scouts having back tracked military airport after all a bad use of the country has also been targeted all violence has been reported in

two other provinces. and the two main challengers for the french presidency rally last minute support ahead of sunday's next sunday's ballot socialist candidate francoise hogan is ahead in the polls president sarkozy has joined the charge for the right using immigration and terrorism fears to sway voters. more than half a century after mankind first headed towards the stars our team now reveals some of the soviet space. but so who will go first you first know you think only five out of twenty are still alive. five participants of one of the most secret and ambitious missions of the soviet union leaders of an idea and in moscow they dared to do all kinds of experiments testing the limits of human endurance. every one of them wanted to be the first.

they were all ready to risk their life. they were the first cosmonauts one of these men were chosen to prepare for the first ever human space flight every year the five remaining members of the group gathered together on the birthday of the first cosmonaut in his native city that now bears his name. alexei horman chook was an engineer and a helicopter pilot just eighteen months ago now he was a candidate to become a cosmonaut. frankly speaking i never thought i was suitable for becoming a cosmonaut but after a little training i saw they were human beings just like anybody else. if you stop spending it because. these simulators are constructed especially for the cosmonauts

they have no electronics or digital technology involved cosmonauts set the speed with their own movement this is about the only way to keep muscles toned in a weight loss environment future cosmonaut alexei exercises three times a week but for those from the first squad this kind of training would be considered a walk in the park. her mother had to bow first squad hunted through many physical exercises but the most people did not know from when to start a chain with all. here they are the men from the very first top secret soviet squad of cosmonauts there's video footage was for exclusive internal use only nobody was supposed to know anything about their mission not even their family or friends all twenty men were finally approved less than a year before one of them flew into orbit they were selected from thousands of the best flight schools across the country all of them were flying aces under the age

of thirty five with impeccable profiles and in perfect health. if you could fill in as and so in out of thirty two years he or had some little spark because a gentle carries it was enough to completely rule you out of the running of with uppers as. eight months until lift off time was running out the united states was also preparing its own first human spaceflight the soviet presidium secretly ordered that a soviet man must be the first one to fly into space at any cost as the physical tests on the first cosmonaut squad increased so did the mental stress there was not a single minute of downtime for the men they endured tests and medical examinations followed by flights to the maximum heights possible and parachute training a long time out of their daily exercise. this footage it shows the first squad taking a rare day off in the moscow region but before it ended one of the twenty squad

members had wrecked his chances of flying into a little bit. where we had just arrived when that hot headed didn't look before he tried to leap into the water war though he ended up with a broken cervical vertebra and spent several months in hospital after that he was discharged from duty. valentino vote in la mothe was the first one to drop out from the cosmonaut squad for medical reasons. alexey foreman chilcot is undergoing centrifuge training they are judging if you can barely extreme forces of gravity during takeoff. during will change and because we're not must not only keep conscious but also be able to distinguish and remember letters and symbols after the ordeal the amount of force inside a centrifuge is measured in g an average person can sustain it no more than five g.

in other words five times of the force of gravity for today's cosmonauts the highest as they go is a g. but the first one was put through the absolute maximum of twelve g. . twelve g. was very scary they spun us in a centrifuge captured from germany after the second world war it was the only one we have in addition it was an open centrifuge and it was cracked all over by nine g. it was creaking and when it hit twelve g. i didn't care about the force anymore it was more concerned about whether would fly all over everything was a budget collapse. because of what that is a girl of. yuri gagarin was in superbe physical shape but even those tests were torture for him as the speed in the centrifuge rolls it becomes harder to breach the head feels heavy as if it is filled with lead. audited that they carried out

the research on how long a person can stand it they just put it out on me the direction of the force from step the pelvis go a bit foggy for thirty seconds then at sixty for thirty seconds at seventy for thirty seconds but. that age she i began to blackout and went almost blind after just thirty seconds i had completely passed out. the cosmonauts underwent hundreds of thousands of tests on various machines as it turned out later the only thing they did was harm their health. degree number of doctors weekly appeared to carry out serious scientific experiments on human beings. but with we were guinea pigs that's what they told us to tell the truth so there were. seven months

until liftoff. six men were selected out of the remaining nineteen the rest were supposed to act as backup but they continued the preparations without any breaks one of the six could have been replaced at any time it was joked that all of them would fly into space in a couple of years and that more people would be needed because a ship's would be more tray seated. and that only come to shore was among the top six cosmonauts he was considered one of the strongest in the team and it only could easily enjoy twelve g.'s time and again but his medical results proved otherwise. than as any blood vessels on his back could burst in that means if those on his back burst they could burst in the brain this can be deadly he was dismissed from the cosmonauts and continued working as a pilot's. because

the show was replaced by a really good you know you will of it was he who was bold enough to say what many were afraid to at a reception held by the commander of the air force. and from the new gregory near you both stood up and said come rates chief marshal we have an impression that they do not prepare us for space flight but straw the chest what we can survive. the commander appoints it's a responsible person and said that they had selected stroh's people from three thousand pilots not for one single flight and that they would need them in the the future. he ordered a review of the training program to be less of a strain on their health.

here you can see the needs of space exploration the youngest and the strongest man . three occupation was top secret. and we asked people if they could recognize any of them in the picture and they could not everything about them with classify it. this is a museum in the city of gary devoted to the first space flight the famous cosmonauts home city here you can see the training simulators the first squad actually used this rotating chair tester you're a good pair and himself a unique exhibit finally appeared in the museum's collection in two thousand and eleven. you can see the low pressure chamber in which you read about are in also underwent a test. and there was an accident in this very isolation chamber. what

happened in this chamber was kept secret for a long time an isolation chamber is a special airtight soundproof room in which low pressure conditions are created because menard would be left here all alone for ten to fifteen days only the essentials were inside the room food water and a cooking stove communication was one way the cosmonaut was to report regularly on his condition to take readings of his organs with the help of sensors talking to the cosmonaut was forbidden lab assistants could only monitor him through a small window but on one fateful day when the cosmonaut urgently needed help none of the researchers was close by. well i'm i'm very i'm good dear valentyn bindery uncle was going to take any. and to do this one has to put on

a special cap with sand cers. for these it is necessary to rub the skin with alcohol from sure a good contact with the sensors or a broker or figure but a manual at the time there was a cooking still beside him and you know he was going to cook himself a meal and a piece of cotton wool dipped in alcohol fell down on to the heated still there was a higher oxygen content inside the chamber than a normal sort of cotton wool caught fire instantly. when those on jupiter were meant to be watching him through the window so if anything were to happen they were to open the door to meet children with deep but they noticed it too late. when they managed to pull him out his whole body was burned only his perms were intact more than seventy five percent of his skin would have been scorched. when he was straightening out of the chamber he

said steps he was the only one to blame rather than anybody else. valentino one darling called died in hospital several hours later he was not even among the top six balanchine was part of the backup team and was supposed to fill in for one of the favorites should anything happen among the other cosmonauts valentino was the youngest he was only twenty four. at the time even the death of the cause menard could not put a halt to the program. there were only three weeks before liftoff. there hasn't been anything good on t.v.

. it is to get the maximum political impact. before the source material is for hopes if journalism we. we want to visit. something. down the official ante up acacia q i phone or i pod touch from the i choose apps to . launch on sea life on the go. video on demand cheese minefield comes an r.s.s. feed now in the palm of your. question on the. three weeks until liftoff six men were still preparing for the flight we thought.

we were unaware of who would be the first one until the very last moment because of what's going on i read that yuri gagarin should be the one. president others said that you warner should go to get a month off. and then marse rafi carter said that he had to be the first to fly because his first name was the same aim as a planet beer or problem with former president martha. of the sister of. when the six men were taken to the hangar where the first stock spacecraft was being prepared chief rocket designer surrogate colored your asked who would like to get inside to see the. good are in cried out to feed it. before getting in good guarin took off his shoes

and only then got inside. kelly off used to say that was when guarin stood out from the crowd and got a lawyer the origin. of zone we can tell left off the names of the first three candidates for the space flight were finally announced but senior lieutenant yuri gagarin. senior lieutenant your monthly gulf. and captain gregorio new book. the goal of the three men was to survive in extreme conditions they were put through an emergency landing in had to endure freezing cold temperatures as minus twenty degrees celsius in a forest they would have to wait for two days before rescue arrived a basic survival kit was on board an axe a stock of food and first aid supplies there was

a good reason for testing the cosmonauts and in this way. after the emergency landing of the voice called two spacecraft and one hundred sixty five cosmonauts carvel and well yeah and alexey leonov also had to wait for two days for rescue weekend after the flight they found it difficult to move. for the first night was left in this place should new come on a second day the rescuers foreigners and they built us a small wooden hut we one washed ourselves procure all law calls brought a huge cauldron. we heated the snow and power and i were sitting in this conference like two devils. correction or. after the incident they decided at the center that all cosmonauts should acquire the skills necessary for surviving in extreme conditions. four days until lift off. the land of the state commission recommends for the first person to fly into space should be

senior lieutenant yuri gagarin we're only here. it. was named a back up pilot log liguori know your boss was in third place of the three cosmonauts he saw neither glory nor honors know your wife was the only one never to perform a space flight his name was almost completely erased from the history of space exploration. no new. he was arrogant. i remember how without having flown into space even hey verse if he had done so. in april nine hundred sixty two you know your golf was expelled along with iran the nikkei over involved in the flood of from the first cosmonauts wired for breaching discipline by this idiot they were sitting in a cafe drinking beer despite the fact that they were wearing uniform patrol

officers came by and asked them to leave because it was against regulations grigori started saying something like do you know who i am do you have any idea of what i can do to you according the head of the patrol to not hesitate to detain on. the growth of this war gathered together to vote on the matter of their expulsion or the gory valentyn in advance how to do in a proper manner and they also raised their hands but nearly so three days later they were no longer there all three of them were sent to different military units or were in scriptures you know you both together with his wife were sent the farthest to the far east that this picture was taken when grigori was in the team i am not in this church from a newspaper. you his face is blurred out. if when grigori looked at it she told me this. i have been deleted.

i am no more. three years later regarding know you love died he was hit by a train but the wife of cars were not number three is certain that her husband committed suicide her main evidence is a note which says zenaida you have always been the best it is not easy to find a woman like you i am sorry seen i to believe that her husband could not accept the fact that he had been dismissed from the cosmonaut squad so he chose a different path to the heavens. with god's help today aleksei hazaras first training session in so-called open space journey ventilation are you comfortable the water is as close to the weightlessness of space as the

cars can get on earth a spacecraft compartment is put into a pool this simulator is for cosmonauts to learn how to repair a spacecraft and conduct research outside the capsule. would work. alexei cannot move independently underwater his spacesuit weighs two hundred kilos in open space the cars may not can count only on himself the need for such training became evident already after alexei leonore's first ever spacewalk. in march one thousand nine hundred sixty three i'm. looking at these shots it is hard to believe that alexei early on of is struggling to save his life and all function in his spacesuit made it difficult to reenter the capsule staying outside it was a risk as there was only enough reserve air in the suit for thirty minutes reducing

pressure was also dangerous as it could cause his blood to boil which could lead it to burrell as his or even death to get back into the spaceship he had to take a gamble. got to fall for your sewer but still don't understand how i did it but it cost me so much an issue that i felt that i was losing strength on my attempts to get inside with my feet first failed so i put my head inside the airlock ripped it with my hands and started moving chad first but i realized i wouldn't be able to get inside like the earth will go a war hero. alexei harmon chalk has also faced some problems today the future cosmonaut not only has to forget about the discomfort inside the suit but also to quickly focus on his work to avoid mistakes while repairing the outer sheet he must learn to do the simplest operations instinctively to avoid problems in space your legs say you won't be able to stick it there. sorry for being slow what the title

of the. alexy herman shook successfully passes his exams in general space training he will be enrolled into cosmonaut squad number fifteen but nobody knows how long he may have to wait for his first flight according to the statistics provided by the russian training center little more than half of the cosmonauts finished the program eventually go into space. yuri gagarin became the first and most famous cousin and odds on the squad at that moment the only one. in fact all the other yet unknown cosmonauts of the star squad were also present there in the crowd welcoming

the gerund they were wearing civilian clothes for security reasons. and because a they used to tell us that we would have to retire in a couple of years but it so happened that i flew only after eight years past in fact i was the twenty first to fly even though the first squad consisted of twenty men but they were constantly replacing one cosmonaut with another but for instance after guerin came the first woman in space valentina to discover that. when the moon program i was preparing for was cancelled out of it i was appointed the space ship commander officer hughes eleven but eleven hours before the launch my crew was replaced willing fly to the station and a whole crew of so use eleven died in an accident at the but then the second mission was cancelled the third mission was cancelled i was. ten years of continuous training for flight just said. who knows the budget well you're.

waiting for their hour of triumph was a serious psychological challenge many had to wait for years cosmonaut dimitry was a lifelong backup kuzma not they promised him that he would fly soon but after a regular medical examination he was told that he had an ulcer according to the decree on cosmonauts one cannot fly to space within a certain even though you can recover from it in spite of everything dimitri is eighteen has no regrets in the squad he met his wife tatiana who worked as a nurse and became the light of his life they have their own personal history of flight and space exploration and. she came to work for the squad right before car him was going to leave for the lord which. both ala were aboard that was when i saw him are you trying to climb up.

with the this is the at the rally after gary's flight in one employee told me that there is a young man over there he's got dark glasses on so he thinks that no one can see who he's looking at senator lugar's you never took his eyes of you. with. dmitri until she and i have been together for more than fifty years they have two sons and four grandchildren. today anyone who dreams about the stars can fulfill his or her ambition. the father and mother of this family are both cosmonauts markets iraq was selected for duty first he immediately decided to become a cosmonaut when he found out that nowadays it is not necessary to be

a military pilot all one needs is a higher technical education and good health. when i was going through the enrollment process later wanted to take part two. i wasn't included in the same group as mock i had just given birth when her daughter was three years old the year finally passed the entrance exam today she is the only woman among all the active cosmonauts though mark entered the service before her first flight is scheduled for two thousand and fourteen today because winans have to spend about seven years training but they are no longer plagued with torturous exercises they learn only what they will really need for spaceflight and it is all thanks to the first team of cosmonauts when george of the impossible to pave the way to the stars for future generations. wealthy british style cycles and sometimes.

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