say people in the peace movement as happy send out a big gravy hits the stands and that's what people say. even in new zealand it's difficult to find young people concerned about this issue more sensitive to the melting of the antarctic and he wants to revitalize the aging pacifist movement when i'm working at the peace foundation and my role is to use outreach coordinator . in the race and they are going to tell he to the pacific he's festival. basing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remote and that we were big compared to. some of the things out of the pacific garden country. i was pushed up on the higher the peace activist mother she's been around during peace activist the last thirty years so it's in my blood and i feel

a responsibility to continue that when. i have this funny memory of mum buying me a crane piece stick it that you put on it one day and it was of the rainbow warrior and the face of terrorism kidnapped in harbor on a barge that was on a peaceful mission and relief search took my idea of living in a safe country i think it's the younger generation now teaching the next generation the legacy of hump really that i think that we have given young people especially on actually a good policy because twenty is since we actually passed the rule and we want a young people to know about their role because any was only four when that law was passed. under the old hands if i could have the effects of chasing was worth is not . enough and that's. what. i have the feeling that this is the right thing for the for the money and the swiss people in the.

thank you that he is. listening to the stories of people like mum and peacemakers and israel and the work that they've done it gives me hope and i think that odin i've seen what ordinary citizens can do and make a difference and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long who say that made their country nuclear free and either confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there and actually protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model there that is an unusual i think right around the world. to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran on the nuclear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow

stop this problem by bombing remember warrior and what it did instead was it absolutely cemented it home i think it's important to remember that the british and australia on aboriginal lamed for that that came from near actually came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french into heat. the british preceded the french in the pacific beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted. by the u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. whose eventis fiction studied. the results demonstrated the presence of alibis of chromosomal disturbances new zealand veterans in the fifty years ago. so they're basically saying they have suffered any damage and we spoke recently as a national conference here on disarmament when the daughter of one of the trends

spycatcher father was too ill to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having a child born deformed even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from her father they were exposed to new t.t.s. in the pacific. and i'm lucky. i have three children. and i don't live with the think. i was so it was normal until i got to school and sit on the merits and go around so i would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm up as a take to her news and then i'll say i and my mom tries to stop nuclear. because that's how i understood.

crane as an external command her now working at the disarmament security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was in and she submarine helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this new to drop the bomb which we were given. if we ever had to release it try to helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't it and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it . it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence. i realize that. only later many years later of. this was completely true. as

a new conference against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the . peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we are professional military men. who thought for a deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was an aberration. and playing. he had a conscience to do something about it and i can't imagine a guy around it's. what i just can't imagine and i see him such now so passionate about. what he does that it's just said nother rob well i think it's the ultimate cautionary tale but what they say is nothing like call of it. the always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which of what is

being proposed the pentagon. will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but no through weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that something might be going off by mistake especially with the thousands of nuclear weapons on had trigger alert in the us and in russia in the united states there's rob i think it's eleven appall make bombs accidentally. we dropped four off of space and we have dropped one a nuclear weapon in a marsh here in the united states now still there was never of the nuclear. weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with them that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. the way they say they're cutting back but at

the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons if. given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok and that the only valid security system is the total abolition of nuclear weapons in ninety six when we began the swell project idea there was this dream if you see i could clean it with friends and they go in everywhere else in the world could do it by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's an illegal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the u.n. and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we have done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers

and i'm realistic. but that we were both stood by the sense of how this could happen but the real sources of international treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the world. that quite categorical on the batting of nuclear weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used by way of a strike threat you know the most. i threatened all the use of force by means of nuclear weapons and that these contrary to article two of the united nations charter and article fifty one. is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at

our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're going to argue it is contrary to international law even to have in one's acidulous this rippon because the purpose of the weapon is to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers or alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into the courts but governments would ignore it and that's true

they have an answer and the other thing he relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and this to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terence is that they trying to aim a lever usenet terrorist doesn't work where meant you would argue that terrence does mean use of it is a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that's when you go into the will cause the first time you've fought to get that threet you know and this isn't it it was the south pacific no is and the activists that i get to have threesome clued in their original question is if you have included threats then the. nuclear states could but argued well we're only relying to terence which is threat and so we're not going to use them so i waited for him. way to from here is it going to go back to the court throws speech and. at the time it judges agreed unanimously on

the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting tad that opinion on and. when i understand that the lawyers and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous passage of the opinion and i wanted to say to new zone how can we make that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal is that your understanding of it is i mean that they're looking for some new leiva to put more pressure on the liquid states to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons if it's reverse since the world court says and the americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's

going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction species for the greater war and the signing signer states they agree to take a good faith effort to a limited nuclear weapons none of them lived up to that and now of course we focus on well ations by others those who are like policemen on the word scene i'm talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very law which they want other countries to observe now what if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the village to comply with the law of the only system that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and. they're equally apply to all countries one approach that has followed this you know dividing the worry between friends.

good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil doers that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty s. . in iraq was a friend of the west. are still going to listen to it and she's not the invasion of iraq would spur nuclear proliferation and terror for good reasons these are the only means of deterrence to the other side. and nobody's going to turn to the united states where the us spends about as much as the rest of the world. through spending so the only reason to turning a. nuclear weapons and. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear

weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance. that the united kingdom is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security who is attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can they use nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting musky just with chemicals i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if the decided that they let the program expires. we are still fighting the poli war between britain and france because when i finally corner.

any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's to do with the french we cannot allow france to be the only european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like new zealand if they're going to be free they will be. of no consequence in the world. even though i do this when i constantly get overwhelmed i mean the discussion that we are having talking about the reality of needs here we pinson three sometimes i just want i just i've had enough. and lose heart at the same time i think. something has to be done and if i have any position that i can do

something i what. now currents generation go out the woods and things. that now and i don't know maybe you guys but amongst the young people i speak to a movie i go out there in person. and that is also full of different names all countries did that it was so new engines you can sign it and i got ashamed. that belonging because yes which comes from live sort of projects you go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among young people that it might it just as it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm sure testament to water so i mean it's not necessarily it's you got to convince the public statement or the pope said suddenly we're going to be a side yet we're going to be here and what i'm going to be ready to even try to

trace and i think they mobilize action that would occur would be huge many steps here like no one stunning you what it is moment because it's kind of the feeling is still there to kind of pace down. there. and i also think that a lot of young people that aspect might be interested in some cases but not complacent and that overwhelmed by all of this terrorism and what the made them and what do you do it isn't going to be hard the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of venture you're going to blow everybody up you you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists trying to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament worldwide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the

nuclear early ninety's which is probably. the largest and most effective nonviolent peace movement in history and successful a man of the united states was moving towards sharp increase in offensive nuclear capacities and it girl was forced to back down in fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs that's where star wars comes from and we're not playing attack anyone richest planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measure the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two there were one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers

true is the peace movement lost its we're going to. talk significantly but the lesson there is very clear a mass violent political movement can change all over the place the importance of nuclear proliferation and very much it was. even aware or concerned with what a surprise to discover a fifteen year old concerned by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that you and your speech is now serving part of my school. and. i like to play. right through it once i actually found out how bad it was on three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and the search

which. i watched it's national were very large states to have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist nuclear disarmament educator producer your advisor on the list just keeps going there's different warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the of the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed the folks in the nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on hiroshima and nagasaki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower

of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness rush for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and to rely full security on non-nuclear means. when i say a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these countries that's sad why should they be left behind canada is interested in a small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapons capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same we sometimes for for to it as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear

weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third world that our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product is now dropped down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were the leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a member of nato and later is a neutral lots just like mafia that have signed on to us clearly named in foreign policy that the best policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. every. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they said the shining message that

goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on may the bond be with.

top u.n. officials call on the security council to pressure the syrian government while admitting doubts the armed opposition is stepping up its attacks as another massacre holds a country closer to civil war. reports suggest spain will need at least forty billion euros to boost its crisis hit banks meanwhile as our t.v. reports from ireland at a crippled country some locals are going back to the past with their currency. the euro two thousand and twelve full term and kicks off labor was scandalous several governments boycott the championships and human rights and race issues. one pm in the russian capital you're watching are with me. have of the un along

with the world body is envoy to syria one more international pressure on damascus to bring about compliance with the u.n. peace plan kofi annan also urged the increasingly aggressive rebel forces to lay down arms well here's. the latest from new york. after hours of closed door consultation and members of the security council and the secretary-general ban ki moon have come out first mr of bob you moon saying that kofi annan six point peace plan to stop the violence in syria remains at the center of the international community's efforts clearly nobody has calling this plan a failure and at this point nobody is indorsing any type of military intervention into syria the most important thing right now according to the secretary general is to keep syria from going from a tipping point to a breaking point joint special envoy for the u.n. an arab league in.