well they are here whether it's here is a look at the top stories u.n. observers reach the side of the latest massacre in syria but struggle to make sense of what happened while foreign efforts to solve the conflict are stepped up with russia taking on the moscow once you create an international call on the group to mediate piece of land backed by the u.n. but criticized by washington. and new law on tougher fines for protestors violating public order comes into force today in russia after a lengthy parliamentary debate now demonstrators could face being out of pocket by seven thousand euros or having to do community service for breaking the rules. after being blacklisted by baltic states police as

a so-called threats to national security reporter mr gates was really behind the motion and what kind of consequences he could possibly face. now where is the biggest threat to nuclear nonproliferation coming from the answer is in the spotlight with al gore enough that's next on our. in june this year the german capital was ousting the anniversary conference of the luxembourg forum on preventing nuclear catastrophe leading expert x.

leaders and politicians from around the globe have gathered here to add value to the actual threat to nuclear nonproliferation trying to name the regions of the countries where such threats may be coming they also discussed such issues as the possibility of a compromise between russia and the west on such issues for example as the a.b.m. system deployment in europe things are the subjects that we will talk about today with the president i'll be international. the neatly and nonproliferation treaty was signed over half a century ago but nuclear weapons passed still a huge issue since then if you knew states claimed they had obtained atomic bombs including the isolated and unpredictable north korea terrorists who can get access to nukes are great concern to you especially nuclear ambitions unstable middle east

regimes in an effort to unite the world's leading nonproliferation and security experts the luxembourg forum was created it's the most important result of the international conference on preventing nuclear catastrophe which was held in luxembourg in two thousand and seven since the very beginning their renowned businessman and philanthropist dr v. just left cantor has been the forum's president. hello mr cantor and welcome to our program hello i'll start with a couple of general questions first of all the venue this time is berlin but how do you choose the location is called the luxembourg forum because it started in luxembourg but how do you choose a venue. if it was your but well in this case it's quite obvious. there has been a change in loder ship in many of europe's largest and strongest nation is. the national which makes merlin a logical choice. so some useless shit. so we decided with

france and italy and some other important to european nations and having new leadership when germany's role in preventing a nuclear disaster he's bound to crease. by at the moment so we thought he would be wise to attract the attention of the international community forum by holding it in berlin. as far as i understand you're sponsoring the forum with your own money at your own initiative but that we also try to raise money otherwise and overall is it worth the money you're spending so you've got to do with it. well yes that would fortunately well to be precise this isn't my money or rather it's not just my money. the funding for the form comes from the european council on tall rents in eureka. merely

a coach. in another cochairman former polish president alexander it cost me of what that is the actual sponsor. if it will form for the reason and down meant to be courageous third in luxembourg that that raises funds for all the operations and activities of the organization and then i will rephrase my question as co-chairs you and mr quest the esky have to report to the endowment in its trustees about how that money is used there must have been considerable sums committed in the past five years is it worth it bill fluent beyond any doubt we are happy with the luxembourg forum we held at fourteen meetings over the past five years hosted by practically every major capital in the world where crucial decisions are made of the top. washington moscow old london paris

and now we've made it to berlin but it is the. if there is that so you're saying the form is worth its salt and the same time here is your recent quote the world has become much more tense and much more unsafe than it was a year ago we've even closer to breaking point in global security what makes you say that would you consider yourself a pessimist or a just well informed. united should do well what the what you call let me put it blaine in simple. where do you the major challenges to global security come from in the context it looks not work foreign it's two nations iran if that and north korea. do believe that iran's nuclear program is with a tension a dangerous path for its neighbors and the world in general should linea.

well let's take a look at the facts of when you were on the right but today you're in his almost six thousand centrifuges that operate around the clock in the college that's and that number is increasing civil here in has about six tons of three point five percent alone reached uranium. in addition it has about a hundred and seventy kilograms of uranium in reach to do twenty percent up. what does this mean. that iran is already in position of enough uranium to produce seven or eight warheads. but these are the facts that it now there's another interesting consideration. the i.e. has been asking iran why do you need military technology is on the button why do

you need the so-called nuclear explosive devices. an actual meaning other components that are of no use for anything except for the production of nuclear weapons. and he i.e. he's getting no answers we're not talking about our expert community a big key authority in this area that is not getting the answers the liberal with the let them. look at the you voicing their opinion of the luxemburg form certainly as far as i can see is rather in line with the stance of the west than with that of moscow because as far as i understand you think least correct me if i'm wrong if these positions differ somewhat to the west generally has a sharper response less progress to the point of discussing airstrikes against iran's nuclear facilities or is moscow keep saying it doesn't see a thread this is a peaceful program in iran has the right to develop civilian nuclear facilities

with just that against you know we are now entering an area that is in effect a very important look and this is very is why do we need a toll such civil society institutions as an export community would not you know we are often accused or rather these are not actually accusations there are other simply point out at things as they are what they say you will ahead of the time. you are probably saying all the right things but they are not well timed they're out of the political and economic context and by that context you mean elections currency rates oil prices and so on just anything really. when our response to this is that's exactly. our job is to be ahead of the time would it be for a political decision can be prepared in implemented we must be with the way forward for all the major players and for all the countries you know hold in this situation

which will inhibit. the use of us if you as experts don't get heard well do you think it can come to the use of force i mean is the us or israel strike at iran's alleged nuclear facilities a possibility if then you will possibility. life has taught us that anything's possible no yell but i see this is the worst scenario one could imagine but it's. the forum's experts have published a study assessing the existing options for an intervention and there is simply no successful scenario some better some worse yet but there is no winning option at all but i think there is generally nor alternative to diplomacy and political more gaining but this does not mean we should turn a blind eye on iran's failure to comply. with those who ignore the requirements of the un security council in the i e must be are full responsibility

for it in accordance with the international law that is where the role of an un security council resolutions when used. in the gaza smoke at this account or in a previous interview for our program you described a look some work for him as the voice of civil society on the issues of nonproliferation. this one has remained but i'm still unclear as to who your target audience is whom are you addressing in the first place is it public opinion is it grassroots initiative is it political decision makers or is what you do a form of lobbying. no alexander. i can tell you the expert community doesn't lobby anyone's interests like i said we pave the way to the future who we dress everyone we send our reports to decision makers

in all the leading powers so blue world and to all official international institutions and n.g.o.s board it on top of that even if you look at today's session it not he will find our colleagues from similar initiatives such as the pub and wash conferences longest staff of the luxembourg for a little more than what the polish people are really a lobbyist and they know. they aren't i'm only publish conferences for thirty years i can consider them lobbyists they are scientists and they're starting philosophy is different from ours actually. let me rephrase the question then if you want to address this there were days we had to convince them that yes they did but if you want to talk to the public you have to be peeling to the public what is your target audience do you seek to puta the every citizen in

get your ideas across or do you aim to influence decision makers because that would require a different to set that. with. with a view you know i would see or emus you present solid facts you. we are not a populist organization. and the fuck do you think the modern society has trust in facts these days because many say doesn't people believe in ideology and myths but the time when people used to listen to scientists is over and of course so they say that because i just got it i would say that people today bill live and things that haven't been trivialized if you're well you know in this it would do if you were to come up with a formula for getting your message across i'd see that you definitely need to see unexpected things. but now that he said that we would look at it and you also said

the nuclear issue is getting trivialized today so are you concerned with that by them would you assess them in the rush to answer your question we don't engage in populism. we don't want to be everyone's darling or it can chairs much public attention as possible like our purpose is to present an objective outlook at the situation for anyone entitle to make assessments and or make decisions for those who want to really make such a decision today that will be an issue for future deliberation he. says richest country or president of the there is still luxembourg forum on preventing you can contact spotlight will be back shortly after the break so stay with us don't go.

you got a story are out about this crazy lady with a convertible that. every time she. has these people. it is necessary. everything we do. but it needs to be done nobody wants to be linked to. the historical. of the american death penalty today in large part from the nazis. and they execute him. and he keeps telling me they can't hear me and they are. blocked.

i won't be there i will not witness the killing myself. down the official tea allocation. i pod touch from the dumpster. on the. video on demand. an r.s.s. feed now in the palm of your. welcome back to spotlight album and all that and just a reminder that my guest on the show today is the just left come true president of

the luxembourg forum on preventing nuclear catastrophe. some of the world renowned experts in nuclear prevention get that in luxembourg five years ago out of that meeting and non-governmental organization emerged the international luxembourg forum on preventing nuclear catastrophe since done it has become quite an influential body on the issues of international security with members seen feedback on the highest level even to prod some government at least. voice. of the bishop and order for him from time to time vital to. solve those two governments so that it was a very important contribution to celebrate the forums five years long nonproliferation effort the fledgling organization chose to join one capital early this the city which knows best to what extremes can

a question of why do you all which is lead to the berlin wall is one of the most vivid symbols of intolerance twenty ft of the wall growing has become a place to build bridges between civilizations. to talk peace building bridges between civilizations is what the luxemburg forms big manifesto always all about it's in fact a scientific research go in as far as trying to measure tolerance. it's an attempt to find an alternative to the two concepts which are not working one is hanging down steer iovine its ability of a clash of civilizations in the other is multiculturalism in this book we've come up with a new approach we call security tolerance with the bees up us that the roughness of the luxemburg forums president reaches last canter reassure the manifesto has an answer of how to cope with some of the worst threats of the modern world including nuclear terrorism some other participants of the organization of

a very simple reasons to put weapons aside at a time when we have a great recession taking place in the global economy it is very important for us to ponder as to why we should continue to spend one hundred billion u.s. dollars on the nuclear weapon programs of all the countries that have nuclear weapons with the instability in such places as iran north korea and pakistan the international luxemburg forum on preventing nuclear catastrophe feels it one be short of challenges in the near future it's only just past the credibility test on the international arena and it's no ready to try and do more for nuclear threat me to geisha. there is an issue of pakistan which is a nuclear power and even roll their missiles for military parades i see myself through at the same time there is a very strong islamic fundamentalist sentiment in that country many believe pakistan is highly dangerous as

a place for fundamentalism and nuclear capabilities come together which we say let's not forget that pakistan is practically in a state of war with india who is also a nuclear power. it is certainly up north but your question is correct if the city of the she saw things here he's another east factor which next to iran and north korea which you will watch. it on the first of all unlike you iran and north korea . and pakistan already possess nuclear weapons so you know when you they've got a total of three hundred and sixty me so with potential global reach and a hundred of them can be armed with nuclear warheads. what does this imply considering that the pakistani government probably has limited control over its own territory. stored at those much and how does it feel your pain in

pakistan's perpetual conflict with india which you have just referred to know that many chips about what it spells is it permanent of the risk factor. what if the argument tell you that the deficiency of governance in pakistan has created a risk of nuclear weapons being commercialised in that country's civil liberties that i really look like yes of course i knew of course and i just quoted cuts them every time other music change of government just think of move the retired generals with access to the nuclear armory you want to get a good bargain for it it's only an i.q. if i don't want to speculate you want to we've already witness black market for nuclear materials emerge in pakistan patronized by dr abdul han yet to live who can guarantee you such a market will not remarriage. did that i. knew more that it was of.

this country get a someone bin laden set up his headquarters in pakistan exactly what unfortunately all of this has weakened and the american influence over pakistan's leadership. in still you pakistan third to iran in the north korea you see pure young as more threatening is there because of the regime they have plenty of control in that country deal of what you see the north korean regime is certainly more aggressive than pakistan. at the same time and should be noted that north korea currently has forty two kilos of weapon grade plutonium. they used different technology that is not what you said when reaching uranium they have a single facility where the tiny m m you're on there is a more advanced a college but their stock of what i'm grade plutonium would be enough to produce

seven two or eight warheads similarly to iran's capabilities. they were already got a delivery vehicle to do that that is why north korea generally poses a serious threat. but unlike iran north korea does to spierer to dominate its entire region or that up to its regime is not using the nuclear issue to hansard stand any public domestically it was already strengthened to the extreme you know it's seen north korea is not essentially pose a nuclear threat to its neighbors and the promising thing about pyongyang is that it is a client to commercialize its nuclear controversy i think but not in the sense of nuclear trafficking about with the yeah the liquidity of the fish and they simply need money. they need money in their willing trade wargame offering transparency

you exchange for economic benefits no such was the trainer with korea's previous leader at the berlin it's evident oh yeah true that i would say current leader of what. i've been watching your forum for many years the iranians have been telling everyone we are a peaceful nation we're developing nuclear capabilities for civilian purposes for the sake of national development we're not targeting anyone and we can prove it and you've just said the koreans are ready to actually bargain and make a compromise then why aren't they attending your conference they're not interested in talking to you. but you know we always invite older players storm meetings. national board i wish you would so why don't they show up at us well for a variety of reasons. for example i remember rather telling incident to what happened during the very first forum which took place in luxembourg we invited to

prominent nuclear. and then the person. detained by national authorities and was released only after the form was over that suggests it's the government not the experts who is reluctant well the government must have taken our form for a threat or if. there is another thing ever noticed about the for. nuclear controversy and there in north korea are issues of star contention between russia in the including the united states but i don't sense that from your forms discussion of what can we say that russian and western experts in retired officials share a common outlook at this issue that when you do that. they sensually do why i just did it that would be i would put it this way in every single meeting of the forum but i reserve common understanding of a fundamental reality which probably was overlooked by the general

public. leaving aside old the details. that these world leans to insurance nuclear safety and start moving much toward the universal disarmament through option we get to the what is interesting little there is just one prerequisite. ginning that confidence and understanding between the world's nuclear powers russia and the united states are the for the experts are aware of that that's the bottom line ball if there was absolute confidence between russia and the united states the world could have been able to get down to practical measures for arms reduction a long time ago in a would have done nothing to debate it because both mr putin in his first presidential term and then use president george w. bush have declared by the cold war over and said we are strategic partners not i

think you just keep what you want it what we're really practical steps to back this up previously so i'd like to emphasize that if only i'd there was genuine confidence backed by practical measures their world would be in a much safer place. but that's why the we is that sports should be the way. thank you thank you very much for being with us get on the show and just reminded that and i guess it was its last count and that's it for now from all of us here spotlight we'll be back with more comments on one of the away on in and outside pressure until then stay on tarting and take care this is.

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