pacifist movement when i'm working at peace foundation in my role is to use outreach coordinator. in the race and they are going to tell he see to the pacific a festival. basing all these amazing people from twenty seven different countries in the pacific and i felt for the first time in my life that new zealand was not remote and that we were big compared to. some of the things out of the pacific garden country. i was pushed up on the higher the peace activist mother she's been around during peace activist last summer my blood and i feel a responsibility to continue that when. i have this funny memory of mum buying me a greenpeace sticker that you put on your window and it was of the rainbow warrior and the fake terrorism and now. on a party that was on a peaceful mission and really sort of shocked my idea of living in

a safe country i think it's the younger generation that teaching the next generation the legacy of hunts really there's a saying that we have given young people. twenty is we actually pass the rule and we want a young people to know about the rule because any was only four when that law was passed. and the old hands if i could see it it's just i'm just weird because i'm. not and that's. what. i have the feeling is. that they were. not the sickest people in the game you know to think they knew that the it's all right this. just into the story is both people like mum and peacemakers in israel and in the work that they've done it gives me heart and i think that order of same what ordinary citizens can do you make a difference. and i feel that i can try. to prevent the young people from feeling

a sense of powerlessness the pacifists remind them of the long crusade that made their country nuclear free and either confirm or deny you can feel the pride in me that we had governments and politicians prepared to go on those boats to go out there and actually protest i mean it was something we did as ordinary citizens working with governments you've got a partnership model there that is an unusual i think right around the world. larry to notice it took another twelve years to get along a government that actually ran all the nuclear ticket and won. and then it was consolidated by the stupidity of the french in thinking that they would somehow stop this problem by bombing the remember warrior and what it did instead was it absolutely cemented it hope you know you just think it's important to remember that the british and australia on aboriginal aimed for that that came from near actually

came over to new zealand not just from what was happening by the french entirely. the british preceded the french in the pacific beginning in one thousand fifty two they tested their way into the very restricted nuclear u.s.s.r. . with the assistance of the australian and new zealand military. museum to speech and study. the results demonstrated the presence of elevated chromosomal disturbances of new zealand fictions in the fifty years ago. so they're basically saying they have suffered any damage and we spoke recently as a national conference here on disarmament when the daughter of one of the nuclear trends spycatcher father was too ill to speak and she talked about growing up with that fear of having a child born deformed even in new zealand because of the effects of radiation from

her father they were exposed to nuclear tests on the pacific. and i'm lucky. i have three move children. and i don't live with the if it's a rat. i wish that it was normal until i got disco and sit on the mitt and go around so i would appear. and most of the kids would say i'm up as a teacher for new and they're not. and i'm i'm trying to stop nuclear. because that's how i understood. crane as an external command her now working at the disarmament security center. back in the one nine hundred seventy s. when i was actually submarine helicopters i was required to train my air crew in using this new to drop the ball which we were given. if we ever had to

release it true a helicopter we could not escape before it doesn't it and so it was a suicide mission i asked a few questions i was reassured that we probably would never really have to use it . it shocked me but i was ambitious no one else was complaining and we were told that this is the only way that britain could keep independence. i realized that. only later many years later of sam this was completely untrue. as a new converts against nuclear weapons i was looked upon with great school by the. peace movement in britain i tried to explain that i was not a psychopath my friends we are psychopaths and we were professional military men. who thought for a deeply about what we did but i did agree with them the nuclear weapon aspect was

an aberration. i'm trying to think. he had a conscience to do something about it and i can't imagine a guy around its merits. i just can't imagine and i see him so that now so passionate about what he does that it's just said nother alb well it is the ultimate cautionary tale but what they say is nothing like call of it. the always tend to overdo it because you really understand you know which of what is being proposed the pentagon. will say oh don't worry we have everyone well trained we have plenty of safety systems there can not be a accidental start of a nuclear war but no clear weapons are built to be used the risk is not zero that

something might be going off by mistake especially with thousands of nuclear weapons on head trigger alert in the us and in russia in the united states they have i think it's eleven atomic bombs accidentally. we dropped four off of spain we have dropped one no player weapon in a marsh here in the united states now and still there was never a foul that the nuclear nucular weapons are such a huge issue with such high risks associated with all that there's a natural tendency to play both sides. they say they're cutting back but at the same time they maintain extremely high numbers of weapons. given the number of near misses we are lucky to still be here the activists are convinced that an accident is pending ok but i and that the only valid security system is the total abolition

of nuclear weapons in ninety six when we began the swell project. there was this dream that if you say i'm going to clean it weakens and legal then everyone else in the world could do it by going to the world course we could get the conscience of the ordinary citizen around the world saying these are against the moral conscience of people it's a legal to use nuclear weapon tomorrow and the dream was that it would be easy to get it through the you in and into the world court and that eventually these weapons would be declared illegal as we have done in our own country and thank goodness that we were dreamers and i'm realistic. that that we were both stood by the sense of how this could happen but the real sources are international treaties customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by the legal systems of the word. that quite categorical on the batting of nuclear

weapons and the legality of nuclear weapons the fact that nuclear weapons cannot be used by way of a strike threat. you know to most of the. threat or use of force. by means of nuclear weapons and that these contradictory to article two of the united nations charter and article fifty one is unlawful. nucular deter and says we have nuclear weapons but our goal is not to use them if. your goal is to have them at our disposal. this means that we are not in the realm of the real we are in the realm of the virtual need don't know what you're going to add it is contrary to international law even to have in one's assonance this weapon because

the purpose of the weapon is to use it as a threat or as an actual weapon the nuclear powers are alliances like nato still rely on nuclear deterrence which is threat and so the fight continues i was on a panel with a senior advisor to the british government about nuclear policy and he's pro nuclear. and we were debating about. the world court opinion and whether nuclear deterrence was legal and he was extremely cynical he said that . it was a mistake to go into the court but governments would ignore it and that's true they have ns and the other thing he relied on all the time was he said and of course we never actually will have to use them and the to me is the heart of the problem for the people who brought you to terms is that if they try to claim

a level use names terms doesn't work that were meant you would argue that terence does mean use of state is a use of a nuclear weapon to actually threaten to use them and that's when you into the will cause the first time you've fought to get that threet you know and the spinning it was the south pacific noise and the activists that i get to have threesome cleared in their original question if you have to give a threat then the. nuclear states could valued well we're only relying on terrence which is threat and so we're not going to use them so i waited for him in. return from here is going to go back to the court throws region. at the time the judges agreed unanimously on the requirement for total nuclear disarmament the activists are fighting ted that opinion on and. it's based on. what i understand that the law is and others wanting to do is to use the unanimous parts

of the opinion and i wanted to say to new zone how can we make that stronger how can we you know what are they doing that state practice that is still illegal. is it your understanding of it as a man that they're looking for some new lever to put more pressure on the liquid states to comply and design completely not just to reduce. yes on nuclear weapons in fact it's reverse since the world court says and the americans particularly have come out and said that. they see new roles for nuclear weapons and so we're back to almost like a sort of cold war situation again but with the war on terror instead and so it's going to be far more difficult to get governments to put their heads over the parapet of the nonproliferation treaty does provide a framework for ending the threat of destruction species for the greater work and the signing sign or states they agree to take a good faith effort to

a limited nuclear weapons none of them lived up to that and now of course we focus on revelations by others those who are like policemen on the word scene i am talking of the nuclear powers they are violating this very little which they want other countries to observe now you have what if a policeman violates the law he cannot expect the rest of the village to complain but the law of the only system that would work would be one that is perceived to be nondiscriminatory and fair and equally applied to all countries one approach dentists followed these days is you know dividing the worry between friends court and court good countries and court and court bad or rogue countries or evil to do with that approach doesn't work it doesn't take too much to remember that in the one nine hundred eighty s. so that i will stand in iraq was

a friend of the west. is a pretty good on intelligence agencies that the invasion of iraq would spur. nuclear proliferation and terror for good reasons these are the only means of deterrence to the other side. and nobody's going to turn to the united states where the us spends about as much as the rest of the world. are spending so the only way to turn. nuclear weapons and turn. the activists are understandably anxious as a result of the nuclear posture review in this classified u.s. military document the security guarantees that protected countries without nuclear weapons against a nuclear offensive are cancelled a strategy of action is being adopted in addition to deterrence so the arsenals must be upgraded to make them easier to use france and britain have responded with surprising enthusiasm to this nuclear renaissance that the united kingdom

is going to pretend that it needs nuclear weapons for its survival or its security it was attacking the united kingdom some have got the very strange idea that because there's terrorists in the world we need to have nuclear weapons can be used nuclear weapons against terrorists but it would that not be rather like shooting musky just with chemical i think the british would make a much bigger splash in the history of the world if they decided that they let the program expire we are still fighting the pollie war between britain and france because when i finally corner. any senior british military man these days and ask him why do you need nuclear weapons they say every time it's nothing to do with security it's nothing to do with the russians it's to do with the french we cannot allow france to be the only

european nuclear power. and there is this fear that britain will become like president if they're going to be free there will be. of no consequence in the world . even though i do this work i constantly get i found i mean the discussion that we have a having talking about the reality of needs here we pins in the streets sometimes i just want i just i've had enough. and lose heart but at the same time i think. something has to be down and if i have any position that i can do something i will. now commence generation's i go out to the middle of the woods and things. that now and i don't know maybe you guys amongst the young people i speak to me when i go out there in person. and i think they also salute different names

on. it and some new engines online now if you can sign up which is and i've got a shame but i think the backbone. because yes which comes from that live sort of projects go on and people solidarity emerges from it which i don't think exists so much among people not a lot it just as it's before the invasion of iraq there were millions of people protesting and still you know there's a million people around and i'm interested to watch so i mean it's not necessarily it's you go to convince the public so you make all the props right so i knew we were going to be side you know we're going to be here and with i'm going to be really doing to our country and i think they mobilize action that would have to would be huge many said yeah like no one's turning you or anything it's my word because it's kind of the feeling is still there to kind of pace down. there. but i also think that a lot of young people that aspect might be interested in some of these issues but

not complacent and overwhelmed by all of us here resentment was amazed at them and what do you do it isn't going to be guards the peace movement can say to humanity you know if you keep spending a trillion dollars a year on weapons of benchley you're going to blow every. you know people are dying from these weapons but until we actually see it people don't don't wake up to it. in two thousand and six canadian activists tried to drum up public interest in nuclear disarmament world wide military expenditures had risen to more than one trillion dollars this was a traumatic event for those who took to the streets during the cold war. the anti nuclear movement of the early nineteen eighties was probably the most the largest and most effective nonviolent peace movement in history and successful a man of the united states was moving towards shore increase in

offensive nuclear capacities and it the government was forced to back down in fact of the reagan administration was forced to adopt the rhetoric of the peace movement in order to continue with their programs and that's where the stormers comes from they were not planning to attack anyone under just planning to eliminate nuclear weapons if you measured the peace movement by the number of people who march in one thousand nine hundred two their one million marched in central park in new york at the height of the cold war. last year there were forty thousand who marched at the review conference of the nonproliferation treaty well the big difference in numbers true is the peace lawsuits were going to. talk significantly but the lesson there is very clear a mass violent political movement can change oh well. the

importance of nuclear proliferation is very much it was. even aware of or concerned with was surprised to discover a fifteen year old concern by the outcome of the nonproliferation treaty is name is rafael even though. i'd just like to say that you and your speech is now serving part of my school. and i like to play. right through it once i actually found out how bad it was on three different people who really made it clear to me speakers. and research which. i watched it's national were very much to say to have a speaker all the way from new york. she is an activist nuclear disarmament educator producer your advisor on the list just keeps going this give a warm welcome for kathleen. ok the effectiveness of

a social movement is sometimes very surprising and hard to track but it also depends on the creativity of the the social movements themselves and the activists involved with ideas and images and stories and that's why we sailed boats into nuclear test songs they've kind of surmised that all the weapons used in the second world war are equivalent to say three megatons that includes the two nuclear weapons used on hiroshima and nagasaki all the bombs in the bullets. that represents all of the firepower of the second world war ok so now i'm going to give you another sound and this second sound is the equivalent firepower of the world's nuclear arsenal today.

the only way forward that would make sense and would stop this madness rush for seeking the capability to make nuclear weapons is for those countries that have nuclear weapons to find a way to give them up and to rely for security on non-nuclear means. when i say

a mad rush over the past couple of weeks five or six countries have indicated that they might be interested in developing a capability to enrich uranium australia canada ukraine kazakhstan south africa. these country sets said why should they be left behind canada is interested in the small level of richmond very far away from a nuclear weapon capability but the technology for enrichment nonetheless is the same. we sometimes refer to it as a latent proliferation you put in place all the technologies to make nuclear weapons but you stop at a much lower level. orders to use part in all this we were third or good at our dedication to peacekeeping as a percentage of gross domestic product is now dropped down to late we used to be leading the world in the battle against nuclear proliferation and we were little

leading countries in the world in the battle against the weaponization of space canada has very little space in which to. make progress because. it's a number of nature and nature is a neutral lots just like matthew that you've signed on to which clearly canadian foreign policy and defense policy military policy has been changed dramatically and we canadians are big trouble in terms of birth historical commitment to peace and disarmament. every. thing is in place to proceed with disarmament one hundred eighty eight countries committed to disarm they sent the shining message that goodwill could prevail but so far the governments choose to spend billions perfecting this terminal threat rather than fighting poverty or global warming. will future generations heirs to the thousands of bombs be as lucky as their parents will be live without seeing

a nuclear explosion either by accident or by design maybe maybe not. but until the treaties and international law are on. may the bomb be written. and. more news today vorlon says once again flared up. again these are the images the

world has been seeing from the streets of canada as. giant corporations are all today.

deadly clashes in syria as u.n. officials admit their envoys peace plan is being broken on both sides while foreign calls for intervention sound louder. spanish anguish madrid asked the eurozone for one hundred billion euros to shore up and struggling banks and becomes now the largest economy to seagate so far. also posting trade and tackling the crisis in the middle east russia and china strengthen their partnership as president vladimir putin visits. hello and welcome mrs arty live from moscow you're watching the weekly a round up of the top stories of the last seven days with me kevin zero in and first year in observers in syria continuing efforts to determine how many people

were massacred in hama province on wednesday and who was behind that slaughter top u.n. officials admit meantime the peace plans being floated by both sides of the conflict dozens of reportedly been killed across the country over the weekend while foreign calls for intervention and being ramped up. for national reports. duquesne budget is lain side by side we mean children among them death was indiscriminate and bloody the pictures from syria this week have brought shock around the globe and also a war in sands of deja vu just weeks before any other massacre came to light this time in the village of houla and the world was quick to pass judgment the american british and french push for military intervention in syria is absolutely enormous we've seen hague of course william hague the british foreign secretary calling for intervention we've seen the new french president saying the same thing in americans obviously taking the lead the specter of a military solution returned.