the university of. of the team that received the twenty eleven nobel prize for discovering the dark energy that is speeding up of the tension of the entire universe and he believed that it could have sprung into existence without any divine help whatsoever well now we will have a chance to talk about this more thank you very much for joining me here today it is a pleasure to be here thanks so you maintain you do not need any divine help to explain how the universe came to be so what is your version will let me start by saying

that i'm going to discuss the universe only from the perspective of a scientist from an intellectual perspective i'm not going to be talking about whether there is a spiritual god or a personal god or a purpose to the universe these are questions that science can't address my own belief is that once you have the laws of physics the universe just keeps going on its own and it could even be that the laws of physics are all that you need in order to get the universe to start from the very beginning the big bang what is then the origin of the laws of physics so that's a great question what is the origin of the laws of physics i don't know that's a question science can't answer what if the laws of physics have always existed and they give rise to a universe our universe and perhaps even multiple universes that's a possibility but it's

a possibility that's sort of outside the realm of science because we don't know of any way to experimentally or observationally test whether that's a correct hypothesis so let's start from the very beginning why gave rise to the universe why was there a big bang so what gave rise to the universe is an interesting question we don't exactly know the answer to that but we have some ideas for example if there was a preexist. thing universe then what's called quantum fluctuations little bits of energy coming into existence for a very short time and then usually disappearing well those can occasionally give rise to a universe because if a quantum fluctuation lasts for a long time it can grow to a very large size and that can essentially give rise to a universe and that universe might then have quantum fluctuations that produce other universes so that would be a never ending sequence of universes arising as

a result of just fluctuations in energy in existing universes that's one idea or another possibility is that there was some sort of a hyperspace some sort of a mathematical space in which the laws of physics existed and then universes just sort of pop off like little soap bubbles that a child might blow so there might be all these soap bubbles which are like different universes in a much bigger hyperspace within which the laws of physics operate for unknown reasons and you see it all starts with the laws of physics but i can't tell you where they came from what's very beautiful to me is that a very small number of laws can explain the vast complexity around us with the one exception where we still just don't know and that's life and intelligence ok we just don't know biologists have not advanced far enough to

understand exactly how life arose and how an intelligence arises but the mechanical universe is amazingly complex yet explainable with a few simple laws scientists have just announced the discovery of chutzpah sun what do you think what does it tell us about the origin of the universe the higgs bosun helps complete what's called the standard model of particle physics there's a a. way we have to try to understand electrons and quarks and neutrinos and other kinds of particles and the higgs bows on was kind of a missing piece of the puzzle which if it were not there would would mean that we'd have to kind of start over but the fact that it appears to have been found completes our picture of the standard model of particle physics that's not to say that we understand everything we don't yet understand how gravity fits in with

particle physics other than the fact that gravity you know pulls particles together and we also don't understand things like dark energy the universe seems to be filled with a dark energy that sticks yeah yeah it's expanding the universe faster and faster i helped discover that and the twenty eleven nobel prize in physics was given to the team leaders last year for that discovery so we don't understand the dark energy there's also something called dark matter it may or may not be some kind of fundamental particles that could be part of the standard model we don't yet understand so the higgs bozon is a very important discovery but it does not solve all questions that remain in physics but it it is but it is a very important discovery in a sense it would have been a more exciting as a scientist if it were not there to me because it would mean that that we're not correct in our view of the universe and the surprises are more fun

than the expected discoveries sort of like we expected to find that the universe is slowing down just like when i toss a water bottle up it slows down due to gravity. of the earth you know pulling it down and eventually it stops and brings it back down well we expected all the galaxies to put be pulling on each other and to be slowing down the expansion of the universe but instead we found that the expansion is speeding up so that that meant that there's something totally brand new that was unanticipated that we don't understand and for a scientist that's more fun than just confirming something that you already thought was there that something that you already thought was true why are there any unanticipated discoveries among scientists i don't think scientists will ever truly understand creation because i don't think we'll know where the laws of physics came

from but given the universe given that universes can arise i think someday meet we may well understand dark energy and dark matter and the other constituents of the universe we only discovered dark energy fourteen years ago the accelerating expansion of the universe so it's no surprise that we don't yet fully understand dark energy dark matter was only conceived a few decades ago so again we don't yet really know what dark matter is but we've not been investigating it for very long i mean in hundreds of years who knows what we will know we might have a full inventory of what's in the universe and how everything behaves so we will know a lot. but we won't quite know why it all happened and why there's something rather than nothing what why are there any mathematical laws of physics rather than just nothing at all i don't know that will ever understand

that scientists are only well aware of four percent of the universe that is we understand pretty well the nature of four percent of the universe the stuff that is made of atoms ninety six percent of the percent of the universe is made out of dark matter and dark energy and although we know that they are present we don't know what their detailed properties are or why they are there or what exactly is going on so in the past couple of decades there's been a true revolution in our understanding of the universe what we used to think of as being everything. is actually only four percent of the pie if you think of a pile with slices four percent consists of the normal stuff of which we are

made but this is fascinating it's fantastic that's right yeah and so you can see that our our view of the universe as scientists changes and that's the strength of science scientists are not afraid to say that they used to be wrong their view of nature was incomplete we love finding new things and coming up with what we think is a more complete description of nature that's the fun of it we don't take anything as an article of faith other than perhaps the existence of the laws of physics but everything else we try to understand from those laws of physics and with time we're coming to a better understanding of the laws themselves for example i said that there are four fundamental forces but in fact in high energy colliders like the large hadron

collider they're smashing particles together so much with such great force they found that the electromagnetic force what holds adams together is very similar to and in fact the same thing as what's called the new weak nuclear force which is a very strange force having to do with neutrons they behave the same way when particles have very high energies so in a sense there's only three fundamental forces and there's a suspicion that the electro weak force and the strong nuclear force which is what keeps protons and neutrons together in a nucleus they might become the same force at even higher energies leaving a grand unified force and gravity. and then in the theories of everything string theory is one attempt to do this they are trying to unify this grand unified force with gravity meaning that fundamentally there might be just one concept or

one force and these four forces we see in today's low energy world are simply different manifestations of one fundamental concept that's the goal of string theory is to figure out in its most basic way how the universe works. wealthy british science not some time. market why not get under. find out what's really happening to the global economy

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a blot on the face of the olympics dozens of cyclists are swept away by police outside the stadium officers used pepper spray against members of the amateur club to allegedly try to push through a security cordon. regime and rebel fighters ready for a key battle in syria's city of aleppo as u.n. peace efforts on the ground failed to take hold opposition fighters claim they have captured a hundred soldiers in the city with government forces reportedly shelling several areas. and saudi arabia said two of opened fire on crowds of protesters ethnic clashes continue in the country with injuries and arrests the shiite minority have been clashing with police over the past year demanding an end to what they called screaming nation by this from their rulers up next all the latest news with paul.

thank you very much karen welcome along to the sports headlines here is what we've got for you starting with the by the twenty twelve olympic games are officially underway following a spectacular pyrotechnic opening ceremony in london. party stick merrit t. sits down with the bride of sydney as the former limping champion you léna some of the cheek of us s. is russia's gymnastic hopes at london two thousand and twelve. on the playing of the field american william mcgurk moves level with scott p.c. at the top of the canadian open leaderboard up the half way stay. but first the wait is finally over the twenty twelve olympics have officially begun with a spectacular ceremony in london and by the end of saturday russia could have its

first medalists his richard bump or late. the seven year wait is finally over for london two thousand and twelve olympic games are fish really on the way everyone was talking about the beijing olympics four years ago and what an opening ceremony that they were able to put on it that could never be repeated again in history how the london perhaps might exceeded that opening ceremony and all thanks must go to director danny boyle who put on an absolutely fantastic show showing history and culture of great britain has given to the world over the last few centuries always a lympics have been really long awaited by the british public it became known seven years ago london had won the right to hold the limpid games whisper biggest sporting event ever been hosting the country some of the largest since for my nine hundred sixty six world cup but of course all the attention when i returned to the athletes for over two hundred nations competing at these games including a russian delegation and the four hundred and it was

a sperry special moment for maria sharapova or she may be one of the world's most famous women most decorated athletes but obviously she's probably never had an experience as great as various to lead her country out i'll be lympics or she's had a fantastic year completing a grand slam before grand slams by winning a french open early it is here but what an event it would be for her if she could claim her limpid gold which would be perhaps one of the greatest achievements of her career potential now does turn to be our fleet to saturday's day of competition where russia could have its first olympic medalist so the first medals of these games will be won on saturday and russia will be among the countries trying to upset britain in the men's cycle road race it is a two hundred forty kilometer route which starts here on the mile and ends here on the mouth just outside buckingham palace britain's mark cavendish is the favorite for this race he's just back from the tour de france which finished less than

a week ago also when his team is the tour de france winner bradley we get. but russia does have a chance with denis menchov he didn't have a good tour de france by his standards but will say this is an opportunity to make amends also when his team is alexander who didn't write the top and by virtue of that fact might have some fresh legs for upright away but also on saturday there's an opportunity for russia in the judo. will be competing in the sixty kilogram section and then in the shooting that's a trio of russians. and. he will be gunning for podium places so there's a great opportunity for russia here to start the olympics well although the sports minister for russia. is urging the nation not to be too expectant on the days of these olympics you but you could feel if you could go on you know we have chances of claiming a few medals during the first three days shooting and fencing of the best hopes and we can also win medals in the men's swimming really however we should keep in mind

that the olympics starts with the sports russian not really good but later we will gain momentum. well let's hope he does have reasons to be cheerful early on but whatever happens i can guarantee you that if you are stood here on the mouth you will only hear voices cheering for mark cavendish although i can also guarantee that every other team in this race will be doing now to prevent him from delivering britain's first gold medal to the queen's doorstep. of a competition will now get underway in earnest and of course we'll all be hoping that russia can come away with its first olympic medal come saturday. hopefully d'arcy. for the artistic gymnastics competitions also get underway later on saturday r.t. has spoken to tutor i'm a sydney olympic champion you're lying to some of the cheek of us to find out about her memories of her sydney golds and her expectations for russia and london two thousand and twelve. was.

that you know i don't remember having any emotions you know my first olympics getting ready for it was so tough and serious that it took all of my mental and emotional strength the realisation the tide become a limp dick champion and all the emotions came about two weeks after i got back home by that time i'd had time to recover and it dawned on me wow i won the olympic gold it was my dream come true. goes nuts in the world but was. it where you feel it was my first olympics my first time at the olympic village the first time i saw famous athletes all around the ones i don't he seen on t.v. before i remember seeing triple olympic champion alexander carell in walk right past me and i was so impressed like wow and it felt like a festival all the time despite the tight competition schedule but a little bit of a look at our exit in the was.

i've heard many times that i was called the bride of sydney but i don't know why maybe it was because i was wearing a white leotard and won my two gold medals in it it was my lucky leotard also it could be because it was my lympics debut and it was successful right away. was. coaching is my main occupation since i finished competing i coach kids in the beginner's great piece just started doing gymnastics it's a very challenging and interesting job and i hope all become good at it i also judge international competitions i'm very nervous when i have to do this the first time i was a judge was at the european the lympics festival and i was almost frantic probably even more than the participants themselves it's not any. easy thing to do you have to learn how to do it and get used to doing it for the roses put in the make.

a little bit of a god with it's not right to make any predictions pasha chances are really high the situation for the men is more difficult as they have more competition and where is the girls have every chance of winning the result must be very good for example. and the tortilla come over will definitely fight it out for the all round gold. circle and will go. now staying with the olympics and it may be hard to believe but there are some tennis trophies still missing from roger federer his collection the thirty year old still searching for lympics singles gold medal federer who won wimbledon on the same grass courts earlier this month well aware of the pitfalls of the game's three set format. if it would have been best of three would have lost third round against benneteau because it was down two sets to love so just goes to show that you know five minutes or a couple of points because of the tournaments i'm aware of that but i do believe winning wimbledon three weeks ago is going to help me with my confidence and my

game to really do well here. now away from the olympics and move into football where nearly appointed russia national team manager fabio capello has taken some parting shots of the country he previously coached the italian saying england would have done better than a quarter final last year at twenty twelve he still been in charge the sixty six year old controversially quit that post in february after disagreeing with the f.a.'s decision to remove john terry as captain his successor roy hodgson then guided the scene to the euro twenty twelve knockout stages where they lost to finalists italy on penalties overall capello coached england forty two times winning twenty eight matches and losing six the best winning percentage of any england manager in history and there were however thrust for one by germany crashing out of the round of sixteen at the two thousand and ten world cup under his watch. to go for an american scot pacey has been joined at the top of the

leaderboard by compadre at wm occurred after the second round of the canadian open p.c. stunning course record round of sixty two on thursday was always going to be difficult to reproduce and so it proved as he went round in a total of sixty seven leaving him on eleven under mccarthy's alongside him at the summit after also carving a sixty seven on the day but got a guess is alone in second a shot further back last week. opened with the else however failed to make the cart . switching to motorsport where mclaren's lewis hamilton has set the pace ahead of the hungary and grand prix the two thousand and eight world champion fastest in both friday's practice sessions the briton finishing up just two tenths of a second faster than fail it came in right and then there was a surprise name in third person and that's the next you have the like three time champion fellow brazilian philippe basso words for quickie style rule well ferrari team mate and season leader from monday were known as i was. and finally

switching to wales where valentino rossi has been contemplating whether or not to keep the motor running on his moto g.p. career the thirty three year old contract with the cart expires at the end of the year rossi a seven time world champion has had a disappointing stretch racing for his home manufacturer the italian yet to win a race and switching stables at the start of the two thousand and eleven season rossi stating her make up his mind for good within the next few weeks. that is all from the world of sport for now but there's plenty more later on r.t. the world whether it's next. world with. science technology innovation all the developments

around russia we've got the future covered. led mission free credit patience three times for charges free. agency three risk free studio time three per the old free blog video for your media projects a free media.

rushes would be so much brighter if you knew all about sun from funds to freshen. his fun start on t.v. don't come.