hello and welcome to our chief for your week's top stories casualties mount as the battle rages on between regime and to rebel fighters and syria's key city of aleppo with accusations flying between the opposing forces the rebels are urging international action as they claim army tanks and attack helicopters are bombarding them. reports that saudi arabian forces have fired live rounds and tear gas at anti-government protesters as the kingdom escalates its clampdown on dissent witnesses say several people were injured and a number of activists have been arrested. and the first medals are handed out in london but the olympics have already been marred by the arrests of over one hundred cyclists and critics say that corporate advertising is also overshadowing the sport

. next r.t. asks a nobel prize winner in physics how he thinks the universe began that's during our in-depth interview stay with us. i. with me is alex still a pain pill and american astrophysicist and a professor at the university of california berkeley he was a member of the team that received the twenty eleven nobel prize for discovering the dark energy that is speeding up at the tension of the entire universe and he believed it could have sprung into existence without any divine help whatsoever well now we will have a chance to talk about this more thank you very much for joining me here today it is a pleasure to be here thanks so you maintain you do not need any divine help to explain how the universe came to be so what is your version will let me start by saying

that i'm going to discuss the universe only from the perspective of a scientist from an intellectual perspective i'm not going to be talking about whether there is a spiritual god or a personal god or a purpose to the universe these are questions that science can't address my own belief is that once you have the laws of physics the universe just keeps going on its own and it could even be that the laws of physics are all that you need in order to get the universe to start from the very beginning the big bang what is then the origin of the laws of physics so that's a great question what is the origin of the laws of physics i don't know that's a question science can't answer what if the laws of physics have always existed and they give rise to a universe our universe and perhaps even multiple universes that's a possibility but it's a possibility that's sort of outside the realm of science because we don't know of

any way to experimentally or observationally test whether that's a correct hypothesis so let's start from the. very big one gave rise to the universe wine was there a big bang so what gave rise to the universe is an interesting question we don't exactly know the answer to that but we have some ideas for example if there was a preexisting universe then what's called quantum fluctuations little bits of energy coming into existence for a very short time and then usually disappearing well those can occasionally give rise to a universe because if a quantum fluctuation lasts for a long time it can grow to a very large size and that can essentially give rise to a universe and that universe might then have quantum fluctuations that produce other universes so that would be a never ending sequence of universes arising as

a result of just fluctuations in energy in existing universes that's one idea or another possibility is that there was some sort of a hyperspace some sort of a mathematical space in which the laws of physics existed and then universes just sort of pop off like little soap bubbles that a child might blow so there might be all these soap bubbles which are like different universes in a much bigger hyperspace within which the laws of physics operate for unknown reasons and you see it all starts with a lot of the physics but i can't tell you where they came from what's very beautiful to me is that a very small number of laws can explain the vast complexity around us with the one exception where we still just don't know and that's life and intelligence ok we just don't know biologists have not of advanced far enough to

understand exactly how life arose and how an intelligence arises but the mechanical universe is amazingly complex yet explainable with few a. simple laws scientists have just announced the discovery of chutzpah what do you think what does it tell us about the origin of the universe the higgs bosun helps complete what's called the standard model of particle physics there's a way we have to try to understand electrons and quarks and neutrinos and other kinds of particles and the higgs bows on was kind of a missing piece of the puzzle which if it were not there would would mean that we'd have to kind of start over but the fact that it appears to have been found completes our picture of the standard model of particle physics that's not to say that we understand everything we don't yet understand how gravity fits in with

particle physics other than the fact that gravity you know pulls particles together and we also don't understand things like dark energy the universe seems to be filled with a dark energy that sticks yeah yeah it's expanding the universe faster and faster i helped discover that and the twenty eleven nobel prize in physics was given to the team leaders last year for that discovery so we don't understand the dark energy there's also something called dark matter it may or may not be some kind of fundamental particles that could be part of the standard model we don't yet understand so the higgs bosun is a very important discovery but it does not solve all questions that remain in physics but it it is but it is a very important discovery in a sense it would have been a more exciting as a scientist if it were not there to me because it would mean that that we're not correct in our view of the universe and the surprises are more fun

than the expected discoveries sort of like we expected to find that the universe is slowing down just like when i toss a water bottle up it slows down due to gravity. of the earth you know pulling it down and eventually it stops and brings it back down well we expected all the galaxies to put be pulling on each other and to beasts slowing down the expansion of the universe but instead we found that the expansion is speeding up so that that meant that there was something totally brand new that was unanticipated that we don't understand and for a scientist that's more fun than just confirming something that you already thought was there that something that you already thought was true why are there any unanticipated discoveries among scientists i don't think scientists will ever truly understand creation because i don't think we'll know where the laws of physics came from but given the universe given that universes can arise i think someday maybe we

may well understand dark energy and dark matter and the other constituents of the universe we only discovered dark energy fourteen years ago the accelerating expansion of the universe so it's no surprise that we don't yet fully understand dark energy dark matter was only conceived a few decades ago so again we don't yet really know what dark matter is but we've not been investigating it for very long i mean in hundreds of years who knows what we will know we might have a full inventory of what's in the universe and how everything behaves so we will know a lot. but we won't quite know why it all happened and why there's something rather than nothing what why are there any mathematical laws of physics rather than just nothing at all i don't know that will ever understand

that scientists are only well aware of four percent of the universe that is we understand pretty well the nature of four percent of the universe the stuff that is made of atoms ninety six percent of the percent of the universe is made out of dark matter and dark energy and although we know that they are present we don't know what their detailed properties are or why they are there or what exactly is going on so in the past couple of decades there's been a true revolution in our understanding of the universe what we used to think of as being everything. is actually only four percent of the pie if you think of a pile with slices four percent consists of the normal stuff of which we are

made but this is fascinating it's fantastic that's right yeah and so you can see that our our view of the universe as scientists changes and that's the strength of science scientists are not afraid to say that they used to be wrong their view of nature was incomplete we love finding new things and coming up with what we think is a more complete description of nature that's the fun of it we don't take anything as an article of faith other than perhaps the existence of the laws of physics but everything else we try to understand from those laws of physics and with time we're coming to a better understanding of the laws themselves for example i said that there are four fundamental forces but in fact in high energy colliders like the large hadron collider they're smashing particles together so much with such great force they

found that the electromagnetic force what holds adams together is very similar to and in fact the same thing as what's called the new weak nuclear force which is a very strange force having to do with neutrons they behave the same way when particles have very high energies so in a sense there's only three fundamental forces and there's a suspicion that the electro weak force and the strong nuclear force which is what keeps protons and neutrons together in a nucleus they might become the same force at even higher energies leaving a grand unified force and gravity. and then in the theories of everything. string theory is one attempt to do this they are trying to unify this grand unified force with gravity meaning that fundamentally there might be just one concept or

one force and these four forces we see in today's low energy world are simply different manifestations of one fundamental concept that's the goal of string theory is to figure out in its most basic way how the universe works. everyone wants to be precise. whether they're an old lady engine driver. but it might be quite tricky to get a fancy cut. because you live around here in siberia. and the only way to get to you is by train.

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to the right of. choose your place take your stand. the movement. make your statement. spread the word food coupons through the info. please. more news today violence is once again flared up flew from these are the images the world has been seeing from the streets of canada . china corporations are all today please.

casualties mount as the battle rages on between regime and rebel fighters in syria says the city of aleppo but the accusations flying between at the opposing forces the rebels are urging international action as they claim army tanks and attack helicopters are bombarding them. reports that saudi arabian forces have fired five rounds and here gas at anti-government protesters has the kingdom ask its clampdown on dissent witnesses say several people were injured and a number of activists have also been arrested. while the first medals are handed out in london olympics have already been marred by the arrests of over one hundred cyclists in addition critics say that corporate advertising is overshadowing the sport. paul thanks for joining us from the sports

desk well certainly a big bang a great opening day a from the olympics what's going on certainly it will started on friday didn't it without fantastic opening ceremony the competition actually started on saturday china won the gold but russia have already claimed there is all the news coming up . yes plenty of olympic stories coming up plus all of the. gold and starts also and girl stay on claims russia's gold medal at the london olympics as he wins the men's judo sixty kilogram category. top of the pile of reigning russian football champions and they need to maintain that one hundred percent start to the season with victory over already struggling denominate. on the pedal to the floor

it was hamilton is in dominant form as he qualifies on pole for sunday's hungary and grand prix lights is a roman grows on his alongside him in the front of the green. however there is only one place to start in russia claim their first gold medal of the twenty twelve olympic games on the opening day of competition reports from london. so i want a night when dying for russia and coming from no way it's a kind gold in the men's he beat all the favorites on route to the sixty kilogram final day in spectacular fashion he defeated your plans to achieving any poem in the first minutes through his opponent flat on his back now these days equivalent of a strike. the end came into these olympics right number four but after that performance he's on top of the world. i expected to be overwhelmed by emotions

somehow it felt like any other can petition with but later when i realize that this is the olympics i felt really happy. now elsewhere russian cycling chiefs have praised their team's performance in the men's road race that was won by the kazakhs danny alexander vinokourov who claimed gold and he managed to and smart the much fancied british team our alex on the call of never was the highest place russian in twenty four in the russian cycling union did say that that was an admirable performance but not so good was the russian shooting team they came to these olympics with great hopes but on saturday they were a bit off target first loop of fail to make the final in the ten meter air rifle a real shot considering she got the gold and silver the last two were lympics also compared treat diary of a dog did make the final but she finished last in math and afterward she said that she just couldn't handle the pressure well dennis of suffered a surprisingly exit in the men's ten meter pistol but also struggled to find form

as russia's top ranked tennis player he went on bennett a the frenchman in the first round at wimbledon although it is better news for videos of one of the over she is three after beating syfy of it's and of sweden so there's been an awful lot going on and that was only the first day and i haven't even had time to mention the fact that there were early wins for russia's women in the volleyball beach volleyball basketball and on sunday there's more chance of gold on the today mat with more is richard a stunning victory by our so go scott russia's campaign of these two thousand and twelve olympics up to the best possible start but gold images high hopes that russia could perhaps double their tally ho majority amounts on sunday as most of competing in the sixty six kilogram category gets his competition underway while he's ranked true in the old and has competed well in the world championships over the last few years. even despite his competing in his first ever limping games the

tension on sunday will switch to the boxing ring in this sport where russia traditionally very strong even though they didn't go things didn't go as well as fate or perhaps hopes in beijing four years ago where they're really able to pick up two golds so they'll have some cover going in the sixty kilogram category he's trying to fit in the world so there might be a few hopes for to get perhaps get in self on the podium but anyway r.t. for top of the boxing legend and former limbic champion lennox lewis he gave his views on how russia might fare in the boxing ring at these olympic games we're going to have to see because the other great competition you know when you look at professional boxing most of the eastern bloc countries are doing well boxing so this time i believe that the russian boxing team should do better every were the action continues of the teams forwards for russia on sunday as for a very much fancied for men's volleyball team will take to the colts of their ranks second in the world as well face stiff competition from the likes of brazil and

perhaps be usa as well as the competition gets underway into the latter rounds but certainly they'll be looking for a medal also britain's basketball team will be coming up against the russians in a much anticipated and counter the russians probably won't be able to get on the medal podium you have to play out of a skins are going to do so but certainly will be hoping to get their competition off to the best possible start has been a couple of busy days for maria sharapova of course she carried the russian flag obviously ceremony on friday and she'll get her singles competition underway on sunday as she'll be looking to complete a grand slam really of golden grand slam while she picked up her fourth grand slam title complete percent of the french open earlier this year and she'll be looking to try and complete descent by winning olympic gold here in london in two thousand and twelve so it could be a golden opening weekend for russia and we will keep you updated with every thread you can punch. the team has got to offer andrew farmer. london.

well away from the olympics in football in the russian a premier league reigning champions and eight have made it two wins from two this season with victory over struggling the number of moscow cynics and his cousin cough doing brilliantly in the dynamic box to open the scoring just ten minutes in the russian international but in a poor euro twenty twelve campaign behind him were three goals in two premier league matches so far this season domenico chris chito who helped set up cause a call for the first goal then decided to get on the scoresheet himself to seal the points with a little under twenty minutes remaining to go denis off putting christian gold beautifully with the twenty five year old doing the rest to know the final score not even the dugout able to hold these and juggernaut this season. for fellow title rivals tesco moscow however suffer the surprise defeat there and down three one to attain who finished in the relegation group last season nikita

dropped open proceedings just half a dozen minutes in before honda equaliser sas car and thirteen it's the elect side of kosher the former russian international next to brace for the break through but so up the win to second half sendings off for the visitors would then further deepen their wives than car route for one. or another side from the capital locomotive effed better the railway men they think are really a service off to nil to maintain their one hundred percent start to the season roman pavlyuchenko open the scoring just half an hour in before philippe see their double dealing and sealed the win with just over twenty minutes remaining it means he managed to secure two wins from two as locomotive manager. meanwhile later on sunday. there are three more fixtures angie fresh from the europa league win over hundred travel to rostov sparta looked to maintain their

winning start to the season with a win over volga new boys are travel to the incans are. now to go where robert gallagher says written his name into the history books he's carded the lowest three round score ever at the canadian open beating a fifty seven year old record set by arnold palmer carragher shot a six under par sixty four on saturday to leap to the top of the leaderboard he's on sixteen and has a one shot lead from joint overnight leader william of the usa dominating the talk was really the entire top ten heading into the final round off from the state during the overnight lead to score casey now two shots off the pace of the shooting a three hundred sixty seven. to basketball where russian star andrei kirilenko has decided to return stateside to says carr moscow player agreeing a deal with n.b.a. outfit minnesota the thirty one year old who spent a decade with the entire jazz before heading to the russian capital in december

last year during the n.b.a. lockout in his six month spell with the army men kulang guided them to the euro league final. and we paid this move forward now signing on with the timberwolves for two years in a deal worth twenty million dollars already snapped up during his russian teammate alexei spread in the summer. now to motorsport well as hamilton is in prime position to add a third and very grand prix title on sunday the two thousand and eight world champion dominating the failed to secure his first pole since march of the hunger gathering the twenty seven year old to drag out qualifying proceedings registering to pole were the lap times early on the englishman claiming the best spot on the great by four tenths of a second followed his driver roman groves yon's not part two time defending champion sebastian vettel to joe hill stuff from second place jenson button and. no no longer i found out the top six. american football finally where t.-bone mania is

starting to gain steam in the big apple last season's most talked about n.f.l. player tim tebow making his training camp debut for the new york jets completing a few very impressive throws in the process the twenty four year old renowned as much for his strong christian faith this is sub par for and mechanics making plenty of progress in the latter development department tivo completing four out of five passes in drills with the backup players mark sanchez is entrenched as the starting signal caller but rex ryan has plenty of plans for his versatile second string star . you get to see what he looks like because two hundred fifty pounds go ahead and try to blast him if you want to because he's going to hit you back promise you that and. you know we're not just going to catch things over there here's a football player but i think when people you've got to think twice before you send a ball out to rush because this guy can't fake he can throw he can run inside run

outside do a lot of different things well that is all for now from the world of sport but i'll be back with plenty more in just under two hours time here on r.t. join me that. will be the. science technology innovation all the latest developments from around russia we've got the future covered.

russia would be soon which brightened if you knew about someone from funds to crash and. he's fun stunts on t.v. don't come.