tv [untitled] September 1, 2012 7:30am-8:00am EDT
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sigrid lumbered sure to mccurry was able to build the most sophisticated robot which doesn't give a darn about anything turns mission to teach creation why it should care about humans in the world this is why you should care only on the dog call. their conduce childhood was overshadowed by this tragedy. these two feel the fear they faced. and remember every second of this nightmare. it will remain in their memories and hearts forever. and you seem so.
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innocent. a little angel. thank you for joining our karen taraji and these are your top stories syrian rebels threaten to attack civilian planes all over to syria calling on international airlines to stop using the airports and damascus and aleppo that as turkey val's to keep pushing for foreign protectorates. zones inside syria
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a move that amounts to military intervention. iran's reaffirming its position in the international arena after hosting a summit of dozens of nations the meeting and back to the country's controversial nuclear ambitions as the international atomic watchdog piled up pressure on tap for charging forward with the program. the paralympic games in london are overshadowed by the controversy around a major sponsor it's accused of forcing people with disabilities back to work when they are physically on able. now ahead of the bicentennial of the battle of botha dino talks to historian david marko about whether napoleon was a hero or one of history's greatest villains spotlight on our team and it's here in just a moment. i'm
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not. sure what is the part and. two hundred since one of the greatest was. in summer. are to invaded russia the russian army made the french just drive away from the capital which at that time was the st petersburg after a bloody battle near moscow napoleon captured the city but the russian. and the french were forced to retreat fiasco of the russian campaign was the turning point . between the french forces. the emperor's reputation so what. and why is the loser still
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considered the greatest. president. in the beginning of the nineteenth century up to napoleon had conquered a large part of europe he himself was considered a monster and even a song about two centuries and added years to him have changed dramatically in the west a lot of historians consider him a remarkable military figure and compare him to alexander the great and julius caesar to david mark him as one of those who have dedicated themselves to napoleonic history he's one of the most competent experts in this field and head of the international napoleonic society. who welcome to the show thank you. great pleasure to be here thank you very much for coming in without first of all do that you have dedicated your life you have dedicated yourself to to to. napoleon and to.
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looming more about this great personally certainly he is a great he was a great personality but what inspired you personally what inspired you most in the probably had been a point well the answer is probably different than you might anticipate it was actually my father when i was a very young lad would tell me stories about napoleon and then about caesar and alexander and some others and he had been a war correspondent he was a journalist like yourself and although he was a print and and he brought back. postcards that showed liaison believe you know were appalling and buried in the archive tree off and stuff and he would tell me stories and and it just serve stuff and over the years my interest went up and down it is as such things go and then back in the eighty's when the bicentennial of the french revolution was about to take place and there
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was all sorts of stuff going on about the french revolution and napoleon and and i took a class and then the paper that i wrote for the class the professor said oh you should submit this to be published and i did and it was published and that opened the floodgates i've got a quote from one of you would see you say there could napoleon bonaparte his career has been virtually unmatched in is truly only alexander the great and julius caesar made a claim to comparable lives and influence on the history and quote what influence left by. the power only and. do you think had the most the most lost thing effect on people in history on no question about the cold napoleonic which was initially the cold. seville the civil code that he had a huge hand and writing he'd write the whole thing himself and the group that
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worked with them didn't always even let him get his way on some things he wanted more liberal divorce law for example than it ended up being put in the code. well. well when you're in pretty don't have to worry too much of that sort of thing but never never never the less that was a very progressive civil code combined. hundreds and hundreds of royal decree as in a regional laws and so forth and so on and finally gave a unified civil code so that no matter where you went in the country you you you were under the same same laws and then that code was expanded into a number of the areas of the empire including even in the united states where i'm your problem but one of our states. louisiana operates under the civil big big big big food he wrote the civil code he actually betrayed the idealism of the true
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lucia which actually made him what he became doesn't that worry you didn't that worry you when you were a kid well i'm not so sure that i completely agree he believed in the equality which was one of the three aspects of the slogan a lot of this revolution are turning to some extent but and you know liberty also although in states of war you have some restrictions of liberty he certainly did have censorship as many societies during times of crisis or war have russia's had that and times america has had that at times i mean it's just republicans and them pardon me but he was one of my books i call him a republican emperor because yes he was an emperor and he but he is he took power based on his skills and by the way he took power based on the desires of the french people of france. people and they probably cite overwhelmingly ratified him as emperor and i have never read any where the vote was rigged he was extremely
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popular and becoming emperor because you know france was under attack from from some of the other countries and europe ever since the days of the french revolution in england and some of the old regimes and europe were trying to force the french to accept the bourbon king back again. and france's economy was it was a basket case it was just completely in the tank the revolutionary government and the director had been totally unsuccessful in taking care of it so they wanted a strong leader they got a strong leader within one year he had to fix the economy he reorganized and made more equitable the education system he formed the bank of france where ever he went he opened up the jewish ghettos and remove it was you you definitely are a fan of nevada as well but it's not a common thing about a lot of this comes from the serious study you know you have you got to realize
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i've read an awful lot about well i'm sure i'm sure will but still i'm going to ask you my next question because because we are more king these days that two hundred years since the historic russian campaign of napoleon bonaparte the end here in this country the russians are convinced that first of all the code had lost this war definitely and that and that it was the russian campaign that actually was the beginning of the end of the pole you know as the emperor and it was the it was here that he's glory and arrogance that should end it so is this a fact do you believe that really the russian campaign was the main cause of the put in the in the play to probably disagree with the word arrogance and we can talk about that all night but after but absolutely otherwise completely agree of course the russian campaign. the single biggest reason why the polling in the critical you say single biggest single reason mean there there were there were
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other factors there the confederation of the rhine which was the german confederation was beginning to lead to a sense of of german unity and with that came believe that why do they need to be under the auspices of the french empire the spanish ulcer obviously was was another a military problem for for napoleon but there's no question about of the single biggest reason for the ultimate decline of the polian was the campaign of eight hundred twelve he was he was a pretty clever kid and he was a smart politician so do you think today look a looking back in history that it was absolutely necessary for france to start this campaign or was it the adventure well it absolutely does to syria is a strong thing but nothing is ever absolutely necessary there's almost always a way you can you can try to find something you know afford to have an independent
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share at at the eastern borders of from one part it wasn't a question of independence it was a question the continental system with alexander had agreed pearl xander first russia had agreed to participate in the continental system which was an economic blockade of great britain who was the main adversary of napoleonic france. it wasn't working real well and it wasn't even working real well and france and alexander was under a great deal of pressure from his family and his nobles and business class too to say the heck with with with this and to reestablish legitimate trade with england there was already smuggling going on all across europe because no system was working in some respects it was actually putting pressure on great britain but it was also putting pressure on continental europe so it was becoming less popular than they could be. that said. could napoleon have somehow managed to work
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things out with alexander well he tried but he may have tried too late there were negotiations back and forth and it wasn't just the continental system it was also the dutch here warsaw that the russians were really really unhappy vet napoleon had created this this. duchy of warsaw which was then closely allied with france. both sides prepared for war it was this some makes this one should russia did propofol hassoun oh absolutely they both sides knew it was coming neither side wanted alexander did not want to war and he told the poland he would not take the first step now who knows if he ever would have the polian to settle down a child instead that alexander could have attacked all of course that was they could have across the world alexander made a very concerted effort he got into an alliance with with sweden and he got he stopped the leave the issue with with turkey with the ottoman empire where there
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had been a conflict and he lies his troops and he made certain demands on the poland he he demanded at one point that napoleon abolished the duchy of warsaw well be turning his back on the poles who he had promised to to to to protect. both sides made demands that they ought to have known the other side wasn't going to be able to take but there was room for agreement alexander could have been a little more willing to give in the polian could have been a little more willing to give in and it might very well though worked out they had a pretty good personal relationship after til sit in heaven they they actually did have a good relationship polian and eight hundred nine after he at the battle of aga where he defeated the austrians was actually very generous to alexander who hadn't really been much help in that campaign even though they were alive but he gave us a significant chunk of territory to to. to russia two to alexander. and the final
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analysis on the poland just had to make the decision that he did he want to fight he wanted to fight on russian territory and not fight and paul on our german says david mark i'm president of the international napoleonic society spotlight we'll be back shortly we'll continue this interview in less than a minute so don't go with it. download the official application so choose your language stream quality and enjoy your favorites from alzheimer's t.v. is not required to watch on t.v. all you need is your mobile device to watch on t.v. any time.
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soon which brightened if you knew about the sun from phones to crash in some. nice clean start on t.v. dot com. welcome back to spotlight i'm just a reminder that my guest on the show today is they would mark am president of the international in the polio and society as we can see the code the napoleonic code it is written all of your ties is that it. they asked author paul i like. a bunch
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of french stuff but but it does have a i didn't either very holy and and ok the ring is an eighteen thirteen forty franc piece too so you're saying is it authentic. ok so we we've just started talking about the the eight hundred twelve war france which napoleon for against against the russians now let's take a look at the history of the french invasion of russia back in eight hundred twelve here's this report from spotlights you and their demeanor. the battle of corroded nor the bloodiest in the napoleonic wars is recreated every year at its historic location with people having the chance to hear napoleon's cannon balls and smell of gunpowder the french army invaded russia in june eight in twelve for napoleon on by then and on defeated military genius with almost all of europe on the his control that was
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a natural step and satiate in his imperialist a capital right at first things went well for the french russians not ready for a major battle kept on retreating the battle which eventually changed the course a war happened on the seventh of september in the village of burden on the in moscow the russian troops were led by me. to huge on this question in the greatest battle up to that moment of the quarter of a new and soldiers. seventy thousand became casualties ever since with those of have been considered one of the most brilliant russian military leaders napoleon was so impressed by the russians he described them as invincible deserves our army had to retreat the battle left the french so devastated they could never recover their losses the poland and to more school seven days after the battle several things could spoil the joy for him at the time. in petersburg and not moscow was
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russia's capital decide to moscow in the pool and it was abandoned and burned so was not to let the french get any supplies in the poland waited in vain for the russian tsar to capitulate to lack of supplies the coming of russian winter and the constant guerrilla warfare contributed to the eventual defeat of he's army this trample arch in moscow which looks very much like the one in paris is the main symbol of russia's victory the war lost by the french put an end to the poland's reputation as an invincible military leader and it also reshaped dramatically european politics at the time that was the beginning of the decline of french control of the country. david well i hope we both know a little bit more about the war now but the question that i don't think anybody knows the answer but me can give us a and did napoleon have a chance of winning the borg ship was there. oh absolutely it was had the
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russians decided to give battle early on in the campaign which was what napoleon had anticipated that was normally the way that what they want and you know are better than what eras but with the wars and i write that the wars of that of that period of time in history they weren't won by like taking territories they will most of them their one by army by a pretty compact armies it was that major battle and that battle decided which king went what now it might have been more than one battle but typically it was going to be battles and one side wins and the other side loses and when the polian came across the name and river at eight hundred twelve he had what was probably the largest army in the history of the world up to that time numbers vary but it was somewhere around six hundred thought. roughly a third of which were french and the rest were his allies so it was they call it
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the grand are made of the great army and has even gone as even this week in paris live we knew they were going down the linear one of the measures three and you know so it had totally are but graziano who were the two commanders of the russian forces in the west at that time given battle or had napoleon not made some delays that allowed them to slip away then the polling almost certainly would do what i think any russian historian would tell you that at that point the polian power was so overwhelming but on the field of battle but of course there the russians are not idiots they they and they know that and they and they even warned napoleon literally the czar and others had warned of polio were not going to do that we're going to draw you into mother russia we're going to make you extend your lines of supply lose lose the signal i'm gonna lose there then i'm no radio you're going to mean a lot of this is there anything you're going to lose some supplies you're going to
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have to leave men behind to guard your your lines of supply communication which means by the time you do end up fighting us you're not going to be six hundred thousand dollars unless you were even worse than today well you know yes yes absolutely absolutely although in the traffic in moscow wasn't as bad. made any rate so when they finally did fight at bora deano and the point was right about one thing there's no way that politically the emperor alexander could have allowed the ground are made that poley had to take moscow without a fight because they couldn't surrender that city so to saw who was by then in command of the forces did pitch a battle at burra diego and by the normal ways of determining who wins and who. loses. the the ground army won the russians lost and the russians lost because
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they had to retreat they had to leave the field of battle the polling was left holding it and then he had an unimpeded way on and to moscow russia and say it was well at least it was a draw but we had to treat because otherwise it would have lost his army because i say something close to the eye i say the live in the polling clearly won but that it didn't matter because because there was really nothing that was going to happen in his favor ok he gets to moscow had moscow not been burned by the by the russians which was a very smart move in my opinion for them to do that he might have winter there got reinforcements it might have been ok but between being bloodied badly burra being now and then not really being able to effectively stay a mile away i wouldn't call that russia wants or you know it isn't a major reason for that is aster however. what's not as well known is that
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the russian summer extremely hot actually caused a lot of casualties caused a lot of horses to die and a lot of men to die there was there were there were problems going in as well as going out but of course the the images of the russian winter and the soldiers freezing and all this stuff. clothing i mean they didn't have water clothes because napoleon never expected to go even to smolensk and the worst case smolensk would have been as far as he was going to go i have already said that in the opinion of many many historians he betrayed the the interest of the french revolution you don't agree to that but another thing about betrayal many people say especially the russians say that napoleon i mean this tories have betrayed no maori because because when the army started retreating napoleon. left the army and rushed rushed back to france did you think that was
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a betrayal knowing first of all it's not true if he didn't leave when they started he didn't leave the army until they had crossed the barriers ina and were relatively safe on the other side of the barony to getting into poland at that point he had been gone long enough there had been uncovered a plot against him in france. and so at that point he and a few close advisors decided to to to leave the army where he was no longer really necessary i mean he he the army what was left of it was compact it was now forming into a reasonable force it could continue moving moving west on its own he was needed in paris you have to remember he wasn't just a commanding general he was a commanding general alone and then took off yeah you could say he betrayed them but he was also the emperor of the french and he had to get back and run his country i looked such a big fan of the russians or alexander easier of napoleon but still. do you think that it was these so responsibility from the po we have been. the party i mean the
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bloodshed of these napoleonic wars were the should it there was a collective guilt of the of the countries involved maybe including the russian empire i would say absolutely a collective guilt in fact i would say that the poland has less skill for most of them if you look at the if if you look at the dollar the poll the poll when it was just because he one of them is not right well because he gave his name to the whole epic most most serious historians call them the war of coalitions there was a series of coalitions that each time it was a different set of countries. russia and france were allies for for a number of years. and they say this goes back to the french revolution they couldn't stand to things they couldn't stand the french revolution had taken away the king's illegitimately is in there in their view and they couldn't stand this upstart bonaparte who had managed to come in and take over and become emperor a trying to be like them from their point of view and so you have
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a constant sort of coalitions being raised to try to force france to take back our bourbon king and if you don't believe me look what happened anything fourteen eighteen fifteen that's exactly what they did they didn't say ok france you have this this terrible the pollie and we beat him now you decide who you would like to have as your leader and what kind of government no you will take louis the eighteenth whether you like it or not it's an interesting thing like at that time all the kings all the leaders of the major european countries they were good friends and usually you know it's going to say they were elated a lot of what they all went to war nowadays they all hate each other but they try to keep that's. where you can store well i would rather have that many each other in half pay certainly let me go to good buddies and relatives of that war and you see david you see the conquest has a project aimed at creating the united to europe so does that mean we can compare it with today's european. the union which is led by france and germany by the way
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lots of people actually believe that napoleon was the forerunner of a unified europe that he was the first stage in the development of what became modern modern europe but it wasn't necessarily totally determined by what he was planning because as i said he did not start with the possible exception you could argue of eight hundred twelve where it was a kind of a question of who made the first move the other coalitions were moves against him by various forces and then he wins and he ends up taking territory and he did have a vision at least he said when he was in exile st helena of a unified europe with with one system of weights and measures and so for that i was joking and one leader namely him you know which is fair or not they were he that the only one who had that kind of hope thank you thank you very much for being with this was a thrill listening to you a lot of just a reminder that my guest today was david more akin to president of the
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