connection to the sun. the moon is to think for the motion of the ocean that we know is the tides of proximity a much stronger influence than the sun. the water close. especially at the equator. on the other side as the earth is literally pulled away from the oceans further from the moon when. we get the strongest tides and if you're in the right place at the right time the moon even provides enough energy to . funnel incoming water down river ways. turn on nature of the moon's tidal power. and the idea of using the tides for humans purposes has been around for ages several hundred years ago enterprising engineers constructed flour mills powered by the daily flow of the tides but since those. people have looked to harness the tide for electricity generation in the

twentieth century a number of projects around the globe were proposed but were decried as economic madness for a time it looked as if the proponents of title power were fighting a losing battle but in one nine hundred sixty three the rance river estuary in brittany france was blocked off to start construction on what would be the first industrial sized power station in the world in the process of one and a half million cubic meters of water were displaced for seventy five construction site. the plants twenty four turbines have a capacity of two hundred forty megawatts to this very day but the hefty price tag dampen enthusiasm for such plants in the country but that didn't deter others who knew it could be done better and more cheaply. today and. around the world where it's possible to construct a good plant. when they are large scale.

but. i think. that was the driving force behind the. idea. even before. he had already played at the idea of a power station. one instance while working.

he travelled. home which is remarkable. despite the fact that it's up in the arctic circle more months it was already a well established and thriving port in the one nine hundred sixty s. . the industrial might for innovative engineering projects like baby. because of the many. fluctuations in the water level as the tide rushes are more pronounced than otherwise would be the views can be breathtaking for the last ice age having stripped away the top layer sediment leaving mostly exposed water. purposes the most ideal spot for the world title power plant was here. because it's. connected directly to the via an especially outlet compared with a concurrent competing project in france. much less invasive site prep was

required. there was absolutely nothing nothing at all people thought were going about it. there was no way you can build a tidal power plant like you can. perhaps the most important breakthrough was a revolutionary method of construction. powerhouse. greatly reduced environmental damage like that seen in france. the climate proved to be another potential obstacle. to find a concrete composition that would survive such severe winters. and we managed to make concrete.

that we had invented we developed. that is the core of the entire facility. so once the construction was complete they simply attached a giant pontoon filled the dock with water and tugs the whole complex to the chosen site along the way they took the opportunity to monitor how the structure fared in rough seas in total the trip from more months to mission just a hair under one hundred kilometers. an hour triumph. he had done this before everything went well it took us one day to transport the

planes. underwater. this was a great success. we get universal recognition. in the decade since those accomplishments have withstood the test of time and. the floating method has become an industry staple project engineers everywhere cut costs by as much as up to fifty percent and the station itself has also held father time the original power house operated its entire useful life without problems or substance of repair and when engineers tested the state of the two thousand they found that the walls of the structure were in great shape even after nearly forty years of constant freezing and thawing of the arctic frigid waters. at the center of this russian engineering feat a french turbine with rotatable propellers was the most complex and most expensive part of the power plant it could generate electricity as the tide came in with water rushing into the blocked off as well as in reverse thanks to the special made

system however most of agree that it's often better to just use in one direction because as water rushes back out to sea it operates at ninety percent efficiency but only fifty percent in the other direction. we bought. from france it was. good but also very complex and expensive one of the units was equipped with a french turban and the other one was left empty forty five years ago we had hoped that we would eventually make a turban. and so we did it is an orthogonal turban. based on what's called a turbine and uses blade shape similar to airplane we. can vary in depends on the speed of the water goes of which way the water flows in the turbine strains in the same direction with no significant change in efficiency and after being tested out

for a few years and eventually found its way into a brand new tidal power plant that was being added onto the existing structure. to produce a new turbine powerhouse whose hydro turned to lush one of russia's leading ship in submarine makers and a testament to the relative simplicity of the new voter system the whole complex complete with turbine generators was constructed in around six months as a factory just outside of the white city about hunger and in two thousand and six following as much fanfare that would normally accompany the launch of a new ocean liner the floating power plant made its maiden final voyage to keep. just like the original it was towed on pontoons into the bay instead of tearing down the existing structure they left it in place and simply attached. to the face of it which by the way had been made

a monument to russian science and technology. outfitted with new digital equipment the original control room still remains the hub of human activity here surprisingly simple an actual operation. power plant can be. no more than just a few workers. need. any machine. which can be mounted. in the process of converting. tricity is rather straightforward as well get the turbine spinning it operates pretty much like all other power generation plants out there because of the. vertical.

turbine. to create electricity. construction. itself. past one and a half. power. plant . produced so too was the generator. here. on a tried and true manufacturer to construct probably the second most important part of the station. electro machine building factory is one of the country's top makers and generators of all kinds including those special built for small and medium sized hydro electricity plants and then all of that experience prepping for the tidal power plant. the fact that it has to be floated out to. particular challenges

for design engineers. in the region of fifty to sixty tons these generators are far more likely to. face to face with water. engineers decided. to trance. but whatever the arrangement. were also developed tested. in japan. they were able to achieve. a thirty percent. he said they gave up working on such projects and went there with both and we picked it up we changed the blades as well as the section tubes. and today our turbans efficiency factor is as high as eighty two percent are going to go with that is that some thirty eight percent to eighty two.

you want as a result from our design is more energy efficient than the french bulb turban which was considered the classical type instance of this work less interesting. question was that so much different each musician finding the mark when living in a tricky and dangerous neighborhood this was long been let in on space the assassination of the country's top security official and the political. wealthy british style. markets why not come to. find out what's really happening to the global economy

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is. food. to eat. clean.

it took years if not decades to get that turbine just right but now with that in hand institute of energy structures is ready for the next challenge the next logical step. out.

of a totally different scale and require a different approach. with three. generators capacities for megawatts the rollers for. and the bleed. in the waters of the on the barents sea. tidal power station requires a roughly two kilometer long dam to create an enclosed basin measuring five point seven square kilometers the power house itself will be equipped with a trio of new triple decker turbines individual sluices which will give it a total capacity of twelve megawatts however given that the power house is only a small part of the entire construction engineers have found a way to boost energy generation by using the previously concrete blocks. by using wave. title pole project plan to increase three fold if you.

are so much more efficient the thing is that we have a lot of space which till now been used for power generation. these so-called oscillating water columns use the exact same turbine as the tidal power plants except they are driven by air rather than water. crashes into the. the rising forces inside the. electricity. heat. and the turbine creating tricity. together to create more powerful. perhaps most interesting. blocks of place previously simple concrete retaining walls. at the institute and. this is the. fan that generates an airstream pressure of.

the air rushes through a pressure air duct and into the. this is exactly the kind of turbine there will be installed on the new. power plant scientific research institute of energy structure just finished developing. the term minus connected. here including pressure. readings enable us to evaluate performance. we have an analysis of all these data and studies them to find patterns and correlations. here's where the incoming data get analyzed. even the temperature of various

parts of the construction. they can monitor. conditions different speeds or alternating flow. is that because the turbine in the same direction of the flow it's ideal for use in the water columns which the direction of. of course there are other kinds of converters out there but these engineers are confident that they're designed for something others simply can't use to some power plant like a snake but that's naik often gets carried away by the current. the installation is too heavy complex and difficult to secure with all the joints that serve to generate electricity. there are also hydraulic turbines. but their design is way too intricate and leaves something to be desired. there are floating power stations but they also get carried away. by and large humanity is

constantly. first we came up with a concept. and then we successfully applied it in designing a way for power plant. and the groundwork for including such wave columns in future projects has already gotten started this past year alone hydro built a prototype up and. it will produce electricity for the local grid as well as give the engineers back the institute precious data to improve the next generation of ocean energy snatchers. could help. dealing with an inevitable. ok proceeding.

even if. it was. since the tide only comes in and out twice a day all of its potential energy has to be harnessed in short bursts without this and other peaks there's another type of hydro plant out there this one requires an artificial lake but relies on the natural power of gravity. pumped storage plants. energy right. hundred meters of. electricity generated.

take advantage of lower prices and pump the water back into the upper reservoir more often than not. demand in the morning and. they can also be used in tandem with plants balanced approach to energy. pumped storage power. turbines each with a capacity of two hundred megawatts of generation mode and two hundred twenty megawatts and pumping about it was designed to regulate the energy balance in moscow region and neighboring areas in central russia the power plant was built back in the one nine hundred eighty s. in the one nine hundred ninety s. it did reach design to capacity in two thousand but is currently operates at full power. this practice to storage power stations are normally placed in mountainous

areas with greater water pressure european part of russia doesn't have the kind of terrain however still managed to set up a fairly efficient facility in spite of an average incline of around one hundred. stations efficiency factor is seventy four percent of all of you quit and here at the station is russian made including its pump turbines manufactured by power machines and its engine generator is produced by the general electric heavy engineering plant that's also part of the individual capacity of each turbine two hundred megawatts is quite powerful a few pumped storage power plants in the world can boast that. as you just heard the workhorse of the whole plant is made by a company called power machines located in st petersburg they specialize in big powerful equipment like this giant ship propeller the turbines for the pumped storage are being constructed at the company's metal factory which has been in operation for over one hundred fifty years over the decades is churned out around

twenty seven hundred turbines with a total combined capacity of over three hundred gigawatts. the factories making four by directional turbines each of which can crank out two hundred ten megawatts those new turbines are needed because at present in moscow region there's a pressing need for new capacity. as a result lose hydro is pushing ahead with the second phase here that. it's ok to seven hundred fifty meters south of the existing facility design work started in two thousand and seven. and the first cement was poured in mid two thousand and eight as one of the biggest construction projects in russia at the moment something like sixty million cubic meters of earth to be moved is approaching suez canal like proportions the new expansion comes with a price tag of just over two billion dollars. this gives us a perfect overview of the current state of the construction site really. we can see

how far along. in terms of completion. the water ducts measure seven and a half meters in diameter are made out of twenty individual sections the rebars welded together before they're hold over to the main construction site where concrete is eventually for in the end two hundred thirty six cubic metres of water it will be able to burst through the pipes every second similar foreign facilities have chosen to use. a water pipe made of metal is prone to such. when we were designing our. be considered employing such metal and even an underground conduit but in the end. economic and safety factors we decided to may not be the cheapest in comparison to those made out of metal it is one hundred percent. according to roos hydras plants the first two turbines will be in place by the end of two thousand and twelve while the third is slated for next year and the fourth in two thousand and fourteen and that really can't come soon enough with

analysts saying that moscow region alone could use an additional one and a half of spare capacity in order to get the added waters are quickly as possible to structure the mess and generators are made part is taking place around the clock with five thousand people employed in three shifts the generators will boost existing capacity by eight hundred forty megawatts one will reach that powerhouse by traveling eight hundred pipes the new roughly twelve million cubic meter pool is being built right next to the existing. one end of the. lower reservoir rather than build entirely new one will be the fourth largest pump stores plant in the world achieve it's obvious that if russia should make use of its immense potential for tidal power generation and put it into practice then pumped storage power plants would definitely come in handy particularly to compensate for tidal plants natural cyclical pottery like we. know together or separately these technologies are

unlikely to sate all of society's needs for electricity but they could soon play a growing role in completing the overall energy picture especially by adding stability to sometimes unreliable sources like solar and wind but most important of all the some of the greenest methods of power generation out there and interestingly enough perhaps the only ones that don't depend on the sun in one way or the other only time will tell if there ever become more than just a nice chef occasion but that'll do it for this edition of technology update will see you next time and until then enjoy the ride.

over a decade north of boston terrorist attack. ex hostages blindness into their lives after the tragedy. still gives try to cross out the past. because their future will be written.