if you. are lower. lip. or look a little. lower lip. jack goldstone a us writer around sociologist specializing in many things including global population trends and also the cultural origins of economic growth it's great to have you with us here today thank you now even before the year were inception some

skeptics were coming out and putting out arguments on why the euro wouldn't function and decides to economic arguments to were also saying the cultural differences were the huge problem between the different you states saying that labor habits are different spending and saving practices are different and many other reasons so how much of all of this is actually playing in to the economic and political divide that we're seeing right now in the european union the euro was invented really as part of a program to overcome nationalism where nationalism is perhaps an excessive attachment to some of those cultural differences that you mentioned the problem with the euro i don't think lies in the cultural differences it lies in the lack of a unified institutional framework for banking and financial decision making but have has the problems with the euro now magnified the cultural differences and the

problems in country cultural differences as well unfortunately when you have an economic crisis and national politicians try and find a solution it's always tempting to try and find a solution that respects the cultural differences because those are often the strongest feelings that people have in a crisis there are two ways to go with regard to the current euro crisis one is to build institutions for a european banking supervisor and a european. financial administration and european leaders are working on these the other direction to go is to emphasize the differences among european countries and try and tailor the way the euro functions to respond to those differences. there will be some of that because we're seeing deals with spain and with greece we've saw deals with ireland and portugal all of that does respond to those feelings of cultural difference but i think in the long run the whole goal of the

euro is to minimize the impact of those cultural differences on people's standard of living and on their financial environment couple of kept questions arise right away talking a little bit more on cultural differences yes we see different european leaders work on a common solution to save the king or to save the unity of the european union but still it seems so heart to find an agreement is specially if we see how germany is reacting to greece and how the u.k. is opposing the e.u. financial policies for example so is it a lack of trust or is it yet once again the cultural differences that really come in the way of their finding the common solution there are cultural differences but they're not just european national differences if that was the only issue then the united states as one nation would be able to solve its policy problems by agreeing

on a solution as you know the united states right now is very divided between republicans and democrats who have different ideas about how to solve our economic problems and so very little is getting done in europe germans have a belief that the way to solve the problems is by more saving and more fiscal discipline the southern european countries believe the way to go forward is to promote economic growth and not worry so much at this moment. about the debt those differences are very similar to those between american democrats and american republicans well from the latest of french president francois hollande has sat that europe must advance at several speeds so some believe that we would be seeing the inevitable the emergence of a two tariq europe i think there is a possibility i've written about that myself at the moment the levels of productivity in different european countries are large one can compensate for that

with a unified set of financial structures but then that will take time for those structures to overcome the differences the instant way to say ok we have differences in productivity let's have a marked difference in the financial system for different countries and that would require splitting the euro whether it's a two tier system or a different access system or even perhaps in some extreme cases a return to national currencies i don't you've been bringing up the united states a lot we are going to have presidential we are going to have presidential election in the us and yes we are. domestic economy very much in focus at this point and although the united states economy is exposed to europe when you look at it willy hasn't taken a toll on it as much as one would expect why is that did open obama just get plain lucky well i don't want to argue about whether obama is lucky or not there's

a lot of evidence that he is unlucky and there is a lot of evidence that he has good luck we'll find out which is true when the election actually occurs but as regards the american economy the obama administration spent a lot of money on stimulus indeed if you look at net spending in the united states it has been much stronger since the onset of the recession in two thousand and seven than in most european countries european countries have been live. thing according to their belief in austerity so they have reduced government spending and they have raised taxes the united states was not able to raise taxes and did increase government spending now there's an argument about which is the best approach to restore growth i really believe what the american experience shows is that you shouldn't raise taxes during a recession you should increase government spending and the reason european countries have had greater trouble is they have done what i think shouldn't be done

they followed a policy before the recession was over i remember president obama got a great deal of criticism in the very beginning when he actually went for the stimulus packages and for the injection of stimulus and to the american economy but then again and it worked out like you said it worked out better than it did in europe but then again can the measures that are taken to. fix the american economy be taken in here up going to say measures to fix the rope as well or you do what you do need to have different approaches because it is two different things still there are different things europe essentially has a double problem they have how do we get southern european and northern european economies to move in the same direction and for that i think the answer is don't pursue austerity pursue growth and then there's a second problem of once countries are all moving in the same direction can you fix

the european financial system and create united structures so that this problem doesn't appear again as it may appear in the next economic difficulty if the current division among national financial systems isn't isn't fixed as the author of the over book on global population trends you have argued that the most important thing is really the distribution of population now that the rich economies are really out of steam and the globe. economic crisis god knows how long it will stay around will these sick on the sexual be capable of absorbing. even new scores of immigrants as they were for the last century well i think there's a third adjustment that europe has to make aside from responding to the existing crisis and improving the unity of financial structure and that is europe has to adjust to the reality of zero population growth. europe after all was the

fastest growing part of the world for much of the nineteenth century and even into the twentieth century and yet we're looking at a twenty first century in which most european countries will have very little or no population growth that means the structure of welfare health care pensions housing all is going to have to change now i am seeing very hopeful signs in many european countries that they recognize becoming more open to immigration and doing a better job of integrating the recent immigrants that they already have are going to be very important for restoring economic growth so i don't think there's a choice there i just think it's a question of how soon does europe accept the reality that its population needs to be supported by immigration and that that's going to provide more of a benefit not a threat keeping in mind everything that you've sat i mean if everything goes by

your scenario. and america's still today being the best places on earth to leave according to living standards. will they be america and europe be able to sustain their living standards like they are today i think they'll be able to sustain them to a good degree because they have the technology and the capital but it will take sensible economic policies if europe and the us continue to spend way too much on. public benefits like pensions and don't pay enough attention to research and education to raise the productivity of future workers then things will decline so there is the risk that we get it wrong on the other hand there's no reason that european and american people and companies won't profit from the growth that takes place in places like china and india it's already a global economy so i think the prospects are good but let me also. say even though

places like shanghai your moment may not be as rich as london or paris they have their own attractions being at the center of something new and exciting and growing fast can be just as attractive as being in a place like zurich that has a lot of old but stable well jack goldstone thank you very much for this interview a pleasure to be here thank you very much. in japan the average height for men is one hundred eighty two centimeters ten centimeters shorter because of that some employers refused to hire me one of them even told me directly that i was too short to deal with the clients could you just already spend three months in this hospital and plans to stay for another four to add the coveted seven santa maters to his stature invented by the famed soviet orthopedic is good for you is there a from the nineteen fifties these frames were initially used to treat fractures in

deformities by cutting bones and slowly pulling them up or therefore stimulating tissue regeneration it was out of was able to receive arms and legs and people who thought they were crippled for life be sent to the other patients shattered bones in their shattered lives the goal when professor of design his first frame using bicycle parts sixty years later his invention is increasingly being used to help people what eager to fracture their legs to become a few centimeters taller than the ultimate goal is still the same fixing somebodies lives both literally and figuratively about a third of patients admitted to be it was out of center now days seeking series three focus medical reasons most of them a man and most are not what you would call vertically challenged professor novick of who operated on many of them says it usually comes down to a man's pride some of the first patient to turn to us with

a leg length in the request to meet his fifteen centimeters to be still want to surgery because panos to than him we like to say that we need to break their legs in order to fix their head maybe nothing wrong with them from an orthopedic point of view but there is something psychological that prevents them from living their lives fully being happy and we fix it like lengthening surgeries are banned in many countries and even the out they're pretty expensive in russia the entire course costs eleven thousand dollars about one tenth of the similar package in the united states. financial considerations were one of the reasons that brought this washington state native to western siberia if his main motive for the surgery had to do with how he fared in the others in america the average height was one seventy five i was one sixty seven or one sixty eight and so one eight centimeters would have brought me right to average users wanted to be average for women height isn't

so important you know i think girl can be sure it's not a big deal like your guy is like expected to be taller just before the operation most this matter a russian girl who found he's a regional hide quite in dealing yet he still want to have had the surgery adding seven more centimeters to the self-confidence she took to told me the whole time you're crazy you're normal you're perfect. so now or should i call you so what a compliment for somebody who's used to falling short of his own expectations.

which brightened if you move from phones to pressure it's. nice for instance on t.v. don't come. betting on boats on a two horse race wall street picks up the bill as obama and romney burn through hundreds of millions of dollars hoping to buy a friend in the future president. to never ending violence in syria so that's more challenges for special envoy lakhdar brahimi is in moscow for talks after the holiday truce he propose. immediately collapsed. and make a mosque project in london sees even some muslims in opposition they fear the real goal of the group behind it is to incite radical ideas in the community. time now for sports with.

their welcome to the sport and these are the headlines the summit battles to scar go top with a late to one win at tara while angie separate two undefeated rubin on a day of crunch games in the russian premier league. while no turkish delight again loses at the hands of an imperious arena williams at the end of season finale in the stamboul. the jains leap for joy san francisco winning baseball's world series with the four game sweep of the detroit tigers. to start out with a foot ball into the sky are the new leaders of the russian premier league the army men going top after grabbing a late one win and it informed terek brazilian out on how to put the church inside the head after beating keep the ego i can think of any approach there but the honda levelled masses midway through the first half with an evolution. on them with just

two minutes to go pointers were in bloom headed home the winner finishing off a free kick by fellow swede the semi on the man a point clear at the top while terek stay for. member angie slipped to second their seven game winning streak ended with a two one defeat at the home side took a fourth minute lead through all of whose mean they seem to throw all i did bring and she level with his seventh goal of the campaign. but a cracker from. after twenty minutes proved to be rubin's winner because downside up to seven. and after an appalling start the normal moscow have hit form their one zero win over critics of yet of their fourth win in five games russian striker alexander caught in the score early in the first half. the provider . so this is how the team stack up after thirteen games to scarlett prodding angie and top spot there is a need to three points behind the argument last year's runners up spot. now there

is plenty of controversy in england manchester united beat nine man chelsea three two is stamford bridge with the blues then lodging an official complaint about referee mark clattenburg chelsea claiming the ref had used inappropriate language towards two of their plays it was a game full of incident david louis' own goal and of robin van persie strike put united in charge but chelsea equalized one matter i'm good mirror is either side of the interval then branislav ivanovic and surprisingly fernando torres was sent off beforehand as grab united's winner seemingly from an offside position to put united second one point behind chelsea in the table elsewhere probably see ses last minute strike you cassell a two one win over west brom tottenham goforth after beating second bottom southampton two one and everton came back from two down to draw to see with liverpool in the merseyside darby strike luis suarez having a last minute rule diet for offs are. so wonderful for me.

we should have this issue of these. and it would have been a brilliant one for us and stood. for streets at the same time and very proved. to him to do in real cauldron of an atmosphere who stood up to everything you can survive a very experienced team and it was a terrific strode forward for those so this is how the top end of the english premier league looks this morning both manage the city and united are just one point behind leaders chelsea tottenham as we say are four followed by everton and arsenal respectively. now in tennis arena williams has powered her way past the first to win the season ending deputy a championship it is the third time the american has claimed the title and she did it without dropping a set any stamboul williams who was the world number three didn't pay to a single break point against the russian and hit eleven aces on her way to a six four six three victory over never really in it often i was overpowered by

williams who smacked forty winners to her thirteen it includes an incredible second half of the season for the american after losing the first round of the french open she went on to win wimbledon gold and the u.s. open but she was being pretty modest after her latest crash. is important you know it's just another step in my career. like that's what i wanted to do it was my main goal here was to reno you know some playing really great tennis second half of the year and you know she certainly played a really consistent today and served with a word and get a chance to see a breakpoint today but yeah i mean overall if there's a few you know little moments where it could have you know found myself back in the margin and then she served extremely well in took those opportunities away but overall it's been a great week for me action now from the kerry chair where thomas scored four and haven't guards fighting victory i've ukra to go second in the eastern conference

slovak forward was on fire from the off bonding. the puck into his first early in the period the second was that scrappy before alexander paul paul added a third however early in the second to not be but i came off got one back to make it three one and in the middle of the third event like one says made it three but any hope of a comeback was quickly extinguished thirty seconds like is a poor speaking place he does have. them wrap things up with an empty netter last year's runners up and i won eleven of their last thirty. elsewhere alexander the two loves to go to skull forty when i disobey powers that had an impressive performance as he finished the game with a go on to assist and it brings to an end we. shall season timeout then to look back at the pick of the action.

i.

some good efforts now motor sports about vettel has strengthened his grip on the formula one championship the red bull man winning the india growing prefers full thick tree in a row he led from start to finish and took the checkered flag almost ten seconds ahead of nearest rival financial alongside the spaniard is also likely behind in the driver's championship and is now thirteen points off with three races left and seventy five points available. complete at the podium in india. and the san francisco giants have won that second baseball world series title in three years completing a full game sweep of the detroit tigers the teachings were tied at three a pace at the end of the ninth inning but it was the giants who got the winning score in the tenth drawing field of hitting a single to right field advancing on the second baseman browning crawford sacrifice

and rising home on a single by martin squeaked auto giants closer to zero zero mode then took to the man and struck out miguel could but i had to see all the way it is the club's all time we'll see how he's cracked. down to their muscles but for now more like. download the official application to cell phone choose your language stream quality and enjoy your favorites from alzheimer's t.v. is not required to watch all its here all you need is your mobile device to watch on scene any time i didn't. get off sometimes you see a story and it seems so you think you understand it and then you glimpse something

else and you hear or see some other part of it and realize everything you thought you knew you don't know i'm tom harpur welcome to the big picture. culture is that so much about the taxpayers' money mandating ization it's even a lot of people at area how much of a union is it growing separatist movements in europe challenge many conventional wisdom about globalization the nature of state sovereignty. wealthy british style holds. on to the title of. markets why not come to. find out what's really happening to the global economy

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